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The G5RV antenna, with an overall length of **31.10m (102ft)**, functions as a 3/2-wave on 20 meters when installed horizontally at 12m (39ft), exhibiting a resonant frequency of 14.150MHz and an approximate resistance of 80 ohms. Its 10.36m (34ft) stub line, designed as a 1/2-wave on 14.150MHz with a 0.97 velocity coefficient, acts as an impedance transformer across other bands, aiming for multiband operation without traps. On 20m and higher frequencies, the G5RV demonstrates improved gain compared to a standard dipole, attributed to the _collinear effect_ from multiple 1/2-waves along the wire. The original design sought a multiband solution for limited spaces, often requiring an Antenna Tuning Unit (ATU) for effective operation across bands like 80, 40, 30, and 20m, particularly with modern solid-state PAs. Variants, such as the F8CI modification, incorporate a 1/4 current balun at the stub line's base for symmetrical-to-asymmetrical transition, known as a _remote balun_. Proper flat-top or inverted-V installation is critical for maintaining symmetry and collinear gain, with inverted-V apex angles below 120° progressively diminishing higher-band performance.

A home made J-Pole antenna for 50 MHz. This article describes how to build a J-Pole antenna for the 6-meter amateur radio band. It's a good choice for those who want an antenna with better performance than a simple wire dipole, but at a lower cost than buying a commercial antenna. The project requires soldering copper pipes and some specific materials, but can be built in a day

A multiband 80-40-20-15 meters dipole wire antenna that can be extended to cover 160 meters too.

This PDF article from April 2001 QST details the construction of the "NJQRP Squirt," a reduced-size 80-meter inverted-V dipole antenna. The resource provides a general construction sketch, a photograph of the assembled antenna, and specific dimensions for PC-board insulators. The antenna consists of two wire legs, each approximately **34 feet long**, separated by 90 degrees, fed at the center. It is designed for operation on 80 meters (3.5-4.0 MHz) as a quarter-wavelength antenna, requiring a low-loss feedline and an external antenna tuner due to its non-resonant feedpoint impedance. Construction utilizes readily available materials, including 1/16-inch glass-epoxy PC board for end and center insulators, and #20 or #22 insulated hookup wire for the elements. The feedline specified is 300-ohm TV flat ribbon line, with a note on potential trimming for tuner compatibility. N2CX reports the antenna's center should be elevated to at least **20 feet**, with ends no lower than seven feet above ground, resulting in a ground footprint of approximately 50 feet wide. The design prioritizes NVIS propagation for local 80-meter contacts. DXZone Focus: PDF Article | 80m Inverted-V Dipole | Construction Notes | 34 ft element length

Pictures of a multiband dipole, build with simple PVC T and standard electrical wire

Details the construction of a J-vertical antenna specifically for the 10-meter band, offering a practical alternative to a _Slim Jim_ design for 28 MHz. The resource outlines the use of aluminum tubing for the half-wave vertical section and coaxial cable for the quarter-wave matching section, providing specific calculations for element lengths based on frequency and coaxial cable velocity factor. It contrasts the performance of the J-vertical with center-fed dipoles and end-fed verticals, noting superior results in previous comparisons. The article further presents a more recent iteration of the J-vertical, constructed using a fiberglass pole and insulated wire, with updated dimensions for 28.8 MHz. It includes practical advice on weatherproofing connections and securing the antenna for durability against adverse conditions, referencing the survival of an original _J Vertical_ during 110 MPH winds in 1987. The SWR performance is reported as 1.1:1 at 28.6 MHz, maintaining below 1.5:1 across 28.3 to 29 MHz.

The boomless quad antenna is a unique design that offers versatility for amateur radio operators. This antenna consists of two half-wave dipoles arranged in a square or circular shape, allowing for both vertical and horizontal polarization depending on the feed point. The design facilitates easy installation and rotation, making it suitable for various operating conditions. The construction utilizes strong materials, such as bamboo, and incorporates waterproofing techniques to enhance durability. This project outlines the necessary dimensions and materials, including copper wire and insulators, to successfully build the antenna. It emphasizes the importance of tuning each radiator element for optimal performance. The boomless quad is particularly effective across multiple HF bands, including 14 MHz, 21 MHz, and 28 MHz. By following the detailed instructions, operators can achieve a reliable and efficient antenna setup that enhances their DXing and contesting capabilities.

GM4JMU shortened dipole for 40 meters band. This article illustrates in detail how to build a resonant antenna for 7.030 MHz. Cut two 10.25-meter pieces of insulated wire, wind 40 turns of wire onto plastic tubing, and connect the wire to a central insulator using a choke balun built of RG174AU coax and a ferrite toroid. Once built, the antenna is adjusted by altering the wire length to produce the lowest Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) for best performance. The guide emphasizes careful building and adjustment for the best results.

G5RV 40m Beam Antenna. Adding a 28 ft. piece of vertical wire to one end of a 102 ft. center-fed dipole turns it into a 40m beam with a very wide beamwidth

Installing your dipole end insulators, a beginner guide to proper setup wires to insultaors.

Homebrewing traps for the W3DZZ wire dipole Antennas. Article in Dutch with some interesting pictures

A 3 band dipole for 10 15 and 20 meters band, easy to build, and that can be easily setup in any occasion, inclunding field days or portable operations

This drawing shows a simple 10 meter wire J-pole antenna designed for 28.4 MHz. It is a vertical, end-fed Zepp-style antenna made from common materials and intended for easy home construction. The main radiating element is a straight length of stranded copper wire, either 14 or 18 gauge, cut to about 16.5 feet. At the top, the wire is supported by an insulator, allowing the antenna to be hoisted vertically. The matching section is made from 450-ohm ladder line, approximately 7 feet 9.5 inches long, and shorted at the bottom. This matching stub transforms the impedance so the antenna can be fed with coaxial cable. The feed point is tapped about 6 inches above the bottom of the stub, with the shield and center conductor connected at the proper points. A choke balun is formed with five turns of RG-58 coax in a 4-inch diameter loop to help reduce unwanted RF on the feed line. The drawing notes that this antenna has about 0 dBd gain, similar to a dipole, but offers an omnidirectional pattern and low-angle radiation when installed high. Its main advantage is practical performance, simple construction, and effective coverage for 10 meter operation.

Basic and illustrated article on building wire dipole antennas. This page is about "how to build a dipole antenna"

Demonstrates the construction and on-air performance of the _NB6Zep_ antenna, a modified 20-meter Extended Double Zepp design optimized for multi-band operation from 40 through 10 meters. The resource covers basic design principles, including dimensions of 66 feet horizontal and 5 feet vertical elements, and specifies open ladder line or TV twin lead for the transmission line. It details material selection for low-cost wire antenna construction, such as 18 AWG wire for the legs and ceramic or plastic insulators, along with practical tips for soldering connections and insulating against moisture. The author, NB6Z, shares insights from extensive _EZNEC_ modeling to optimize the antenna's total length for a 40-meter half-wave dipole footprint and feed line length for direct tuner connection. The article presents field results, including successful _PSK31_ contacts from Oregon to the East Coast on 40 and 30 meters with 50 watts, even at a low height of 6 feet. It provides detailed performance characteristics for each band, noting the _NB6Zep_'s highest gain (over 3 dB) and sharp, medium-angle lobes on 20 meters, which yielded strong DX reports to locations like Korea, Japan, and Argentina. For 17 and 15 meters, it describes a butterfly-like pattern with broad lobes, while 12 and 10 meters exhibit narrow, directional lobes in an "X" configuration. The author also shares personal experiences operating successfully for over a decade in an antenna-restricted environment using the NB6Zep and other stealth wire antennas.

This multiband wire antenna it is an off centre fed dipole, with 10 feet of vertical radiator, needs no tuner on 40m, 20m and 10m and works fine on all bands above 40m with a tuner, and even below 40m on 60m, and 80m.

Demonstrates the construction and performance of an updated ZS6BKW multiband dipole, a variant of the _G5RV_ antenna, specifically designed for HF operation. The article details a real-world installation using 13.5m copper wire elements and 12.2m of 450 Ohm ladder line, configured as a sloping inverted-V with the apex at 10m and ends at 4m above ground. It covers the critical aspect of impedance matching, incorporating an 8-turn choke balun at the feedline transition to RG-58U coax to mitigate RF common mode current. Measurements confirm favorable SWR readings below **1.3:1** on 7.1 MHz, 14.11 MHz, 18.06 MHz, and 24.8 MHz, indicating effective resonance across 40m, 20m, 17m, and 12m bands. The installation also shows usable SWR dips on 3.55 MHz (5:1), 29.02 MHz (2:1), and 50.84 MHz (3:1), extending its utility to 80m, 10m, and 6m with an antenna tuning unit. Initial on-air results report clear reception of stations over **5000km** away, validating its DX potential.

Selecting an appropriate antenna system for shortwave broadcasting involves evaluating various types based on performance, cost, and operational parameters. This resource details the critical specifications for broadcast antennas, including average and peak power ratings, directivity, takeoff angle (TOA), horizontal beamwidth, and gain, emphasizing that a 100-kW transmitter requires an antenna rated for 150 kW average and 400 kW peak. It clarifies that low TOA signals travel thousands of kilometers, while high TOA is for local coverage, and nearly all modern shortwave broadcast antennas are horizontally polarized. The article explores specific antenna types, such as Log-Periodic Antennas (LPAs), which offer wide frequency ranges (e.g., 2-30 MHz) and directional patterns with 11 dBi gain, costing from $20K to over $100K for multi-curtain versions. Dipole arrays, also known as curtain antennas, are prevalent in international broadcasting, featuring steerable beams (±15° and ±30°) and mode-switching capabilities to alter TOA, with high/low pairs costing over $1 million. Fan dipoles are noted for omnidirectional patterns, smaller size, and lower cost for low-power applications, while rhombics, though simple, require resistive termination and incur several dB of I2R losses. Balun considerations are crucial, as most communications baluns are not rated for the higher average and peak powers of AM broadcast transmitters. Modern shortwave antennas utilize durable materials like Alumoweld wire rope for radiators and support elements, avoiding copper, fiberglass, or materials prone to stretching or deterioration. Feeder systems for high-power stations often require tapered-line baluns to convert 50-ohm unbalanced power to 300-ohm balanced for connection to the antenna.

The ZS6BKW multiband HF antenna, a design by ZS6BKW (G0GSF), functions effectively on multiple HF bands without requiring an Antenna Tuning Unit (ATU) for 40, 20, 17, 12, 10, and 6 meters. This antenna, approximately **27.51 meters** (90 feet) long with a 12.2-meter (40-foot) open-wire feeder, is a direct descendant of the _G5RV_ but offers superior multi-band resonance. It can be deployed as a horizontal dipole or an inverted-vee, with the latter requiring only a single support and maintaining an apex angle of at least 90 degrees to prevent signal cancellation. Performance data, recorded with an MFJ Antenna Analyser, indicates SWR values of 1:1 on 7.00 MHz (40m) and 14.06 MHz (20m), with SWR below 1.3:1 on 17m, 10m, and 6m. While primarily designed for these bands, the antenna can be adapted for 80m, 30m, and 15m with an ATU, preferably at the balanced feeder's base. The use of 450-ohm twin-lead for the feeder is recommended over 300-ohm for improved strength and reduced losses, especially in adverse weather conditions. This design, originally published in _RadCom_ in 1993 and featured in Pat Hawker’s "Antenna Topics," provides a compact and efficient solution for HF operation, particularly for those with limited space or resources.

Presents G0GSF Brian's ZS6BKW antenna, a refined iteration of the classic G5RV, offering improved performance across multiple HF bands. The design emphasizes specific radiator and ladder line lengths to achieve lower SWR on 40m, 20m, 17m, 12m, and 10m, making it a practical choice for operators seeking a single wire antenna solution. The document includes critical dimensions for the flat-top and the 450-ohm ladder line section, which are key to its multiband resonance characteristics. Unlike the original G5RV, the ZS6BKW aims for direct 50-ohm feedpoint impedance on several bands, reducing the need for an external antenna tuner. My field experience with similar optimized dipoles confirms that precise construction, particularly the ladder line length, is paramount for realizing the intended SWR benefits. This design offers a compelling alternative for hams with limited space or those preferring a less complex antenna system.

A 2-meter Turnstile antenna, detailed for amateur satellite communication, offers a straightforward build for those looking to engage with orbiting transponders. The author, WB8ERJ, shares his personal design and construction methods, emphasizing the antenna's simplicity and effectiveness for LEO (Low Earth Orbit) satellite work. This design provides a circularly polarized signal, crucial for mitigating _Faraday rotation_ and signal fading often encountered with linearly polarized antennas when tracking satellites. Construction involves readily available materials like PVC pipe and copper wire, making it an accessible project for many hams. The article includes practical advice on element spacing and feed point considerations, drawing from the author's hands-on experience in the shack and field. It highlights the antenna's utility for receiving signals from various amateur satellites, including the popular AO-91 and AO-92. The Turnstile's inherent omnidirectional pattern in the horizontal plane, combined with its circular polarization, yields consistent signal reception, often resulting in **stronger decodes** and **more reliable contacts** compared to basic dipoles or verticals.

The terminated tilted, folded dipole T2FD is a little known antenna that performs excellently. Compact in size compared to a half-wave dipole the T2FD provides signal gain, wide frequency coverage, and exceptionally low noise characteristics.

An attic indoor antenna successfully implemented by N9RET by using two runs of 2-conductor wire

K4TR Manufacture and sell simple dipoles, half square 2 wire phased vertical arrays, end fed zepp antennas, G5RV antennas. 1:1 baluns

End-Fed Half-Wave Antennas (EFHWAs) are analyzed for their utility in portable QRP operations, emphasizing their simplicity, efficiency, and predictable radiation patterns compared to other portable antenna types. The discussion contrasts EFHWAs with vertical antennas, random length wires, and center-fed dipoles, highlighting the common pitfalls of each, such as ground system dependency for verticals and feedline issues for dipoles. The article details the electrical half-wavelength calculation using the formula L (Ft) = 468/F(MHz) and explains how EFHWAs can be resonant on harmonic frequencies, enabling multiband operation. Various deployment configurations are presented, including the inverted L, inverted Vee, sloping wire, and vertical setups, each with specific advantages for radiation angle and polarization. For instance, a vertical EFHWA offers a low angle of radiation suitable for DX contacts without requiring an extensive ground system. The resource also addresses the counterpoise requirements, suggesting a quarter-wavelength wire or connection to a metallic structure for decoupling. A schematic diagram for a simple parallel-tuned circuit tuner, based on the _Rainbow Bridge/Tuner_ design, is provided, detailing component values for 30 and 40 meters, including a 6 microhenry toroidal inductor and a 20-100 picofarad mica compression capacitor. The tuner's adjustment process for SWR matching is also outlined.

It is very easy to create a simple 1/2 wave dipole, all you need is some lengths of wire such as the core of some mains flex or even a straightened out metal coat hanger, some co-ax cable and a connector for your scanners antenna input

This PDF document, authored by KT4QW in October 2004, details the construction and modeling of a dual-band, horizontally polarized hanging rectangular loop antenna for **10 and 17 meters**. The design, adapted from *The ARRL Handbook*, utilizes _NEC4WIN95_ software for scaling and optimization, targeting a 50 ohm feedpoint impedance. The resource includes a bill of materials, step-by-step construction instructions, and a discussion of the antenna's radiation characteristics. It presents NEC-generated elevation and azimuth patterns, comparing the loop's performance to a half-wave horizontal dipole at the same height and frequency. The 17-meter element is centered at 18.140 MHz for low SWR across the phone band, while the 10-meter element is centered at 28.500 MHz. Construction involves 14-gauge stranded copper wire and Schedule 40 PVC spreaders, with the total wire length calculated by the formula: Length in feet = 1005/MHz. The feedpoint impedance can be adjusted by modifying the rectangular aspect ratio. The document specifies hoisting the antenna to at least a half-wave above ground for testing. It notes that a balun was tested and found to have no measurable effect on SWR or radiation characteristics. A 2-meter scale model is presented to illustrate the physical design, and a "rotator" string is incorporated for directional adjustment up to 90 degrees.

Mesh constructed with enamelled wire 0.5 mm diameter For installing a support (plastic rope 2 mm) is needed. Antenna used on Solomon Isl in 1995 H44/DJ9RB

a neat 1:1 50 ohm balun for use on HF horizontal wire dipoles.

If you are looking for an easy antenna for your favorite band, you can't go wrong with an halfwavelenght dipole, all you need is 3 insulators and some wire

Why Multi-band Dipoles Need HEAVY Open Wire Line by Tom, K1JJ

How to create a simple but effective half wave dipole, illustrated instrucions on how to build wire antennas

An easy to build single wire antenna for 160 and 80 meters with a better than 2 to 1 swr across the 80 meter band by K5GP

Constructing a Lindenblad antenna for 137MHz NOAA satellite reception involves specific design considerations for optimal performance. The resource details the use of 4mm galvanised steel fencing wire, 300-ohm television ribbon cable, and wood/plastic components for the antenna structure. Key dimensions for a 137.58MHz-resonant antenna are provided, derived from the ARRL Satellite Handbook, specifying s, l, w, and d as 42, 926, 893, and 654mm respectively. The antenna is designed for Right Hand Circularly Polarised (RHCP) signals, requiring the four folded dipole elements to be tilted clockwise by 30 degrees. A significant aspect covered is impedance matching between the antenna's 75-ohm impedance and a typical 50-ohm receiver input. A twelfth-wave matching transformer, constructed from 117mm sections of 50-ohm RG-58 and 75-ohm RG-59 coax with a 0.66 velocity factor, is described. The article also addresses coaxial cable and connector selection, recommending 75-ohm Type-N connectors for RG-6 cable in professional setups and F56/F59 connectors for general use, while strongly advising against PL-259/SO-259 connectors for VHF. Strategies for mitigating Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) are discussed, including antenna placement to shield from local TV transmitters and the use of commercial or DIY band-pass filters, such as cavity resonators or helical notch filters, along with ferrite chokes on coaxial cables. Antenna orientation is explored, noting the Lindenblad's 'cone of silence' directly overhead and its maximized sensitivity towards the horizon. An experimental vertical tilt of 90 degrees is presented as a method to improve overhead reception and reduce interference from strong horizontal signals, particularly relevant in high RFI environments like the Siding Spring Observatory site.

The idea of using a low mount dipole, enhanced with reflector wires directly beneath the dipole, on the ground, appears to be a very good approach to creating an NVI specific antenna for local HF operation.

This resource details the computer-optimized design of the _ZS6BKW_ multiband dipole, an evolution of the classic _G5RV_ antenna. It begins by referencing the original 1958 RSGB Bulletin article by Louis Varney G5RV, explaining the operational principles of the G5RV's flat-top and open-wire feedline on 20m and 40m, noting its impedance transformation characteristics for valve amplifiers of that era. The article then transitions to the rationale for optimizing the design for contemporary solid-state transceivers requiring a 50 Ohm match. The core of the project involves using computer modeling to determine optimal lengths for the flat-top and matching section, aiming for a VSWR of less than 2:1 on multiple HF bands. It discusses the process of calculating feedpoint impedance based on antenna length and frequency, referencing professional literature from Professor R.W.P. King at Harvard University. The analysis also considers the characteristic impedance (Z(O)) of the open-wire line, identifying a broad peak of adequate values between 275 and 400 Ohms. Specific design parameters for the improved ZS6BKW are presented, including a shorter flat-top and a longer matching section compared to the original G5RV, with a velocity factor of 0.85 for the 300 Ohm tape. The article confirms acceptable matches on 7, 14, 18, 24, and 28 MHz bands when erected horizontally at 13m, and also discusses performance in an inverted-V configuration, noting frequency shifts. The author, Brian Austin ZS6BKW, emphasizes the antenna's suitability for modern 50 Ohm coaxial cable without a balun.

JJ0DRC's HF multi-band delta loop antenna project, initially conceived during the waning peak of Cycle 23, addresses the common challenge of achieving effective DX operation from a small residential lot in Japan. Dissatisfied with a ground plane antenna's performance in SSB pile-ups, the author sought a beam-like solution without a tower, drawing inspiration from a JJ1VKL article in CQ Ham Radio Sep. 2000. The antenna, constructed in October 2000, employs two 7.2-meter fishing rods (37% carbon fiber, reinforced with cyano-acrylate glue and aluminum tape) and 1mm enameled wire, fed by an Icom AH-4 external antenna tuner. While the exact beam pattern remains unmeasured, JJ0DRC observed a significantly higher callback rate compared to dipole antennas, particularly on higher bands. The system's circumference length of 15-20m is crucial for maintaining a good beam pattern across HF bands, though performance on lower bands like 80m, 40m, and 30m becomes less directional as the length deviates from a full wavelength. Ongoing maintenance addressed degradation issues, including aluminum tape cracking and wire breakage at connection points due to strong winds (often exceeding 10-15m/s in winter). The author reinforced rod connections with IRECTOR PIPE SYSTEM components and INSU-ROCK ties, and improved wire attachment methods using Cremona rope and epoxy bond to enhance durability.

An analysis of the cebik dipole and other small limited space dipoles fed with open wire ladder line.

Build yourself a postage stamp 40 meter wire dipole antenna that fits in a space a little over 20 wide and works reasonably well at low heights

Put up the longest dipole you can fit, feed it with open wire line, connect it to the balanced output of your tuner and poof! Instant multiband antenna. Is life really that simple?

D3+ High Performance Antennas for Field Day. This article describes versatile broadband wire antennas. These antennas will double your effective radiated power over a dipole, will be easy and inexpensive to build and install, and will be simple to match.

Antenna manufacturer from Poland, produce dipole wire antennas, W3DZZ FD4 Windom and long wires, baluns, dealer for toroids and connectors managed by Leszek Mlynarczyk SP1BKS

An easy to build single wire antenna for 160 and 80 meters with a better than 2 to 1 swr across the 80 meter band

The ZS6BKW wire antenna, a variant of the G5RV, utilizes a specific 13m (42.6 ft) length of 450-ohm window line as its matching section, feeding a 28.5m (93.5 ft) flat-top element. This design aims for lower SWR on 40m, 20m, 17m, 12m, and 10m compared to a standard G5RV, often achieving SWR values below 1.5:1 on these bands without an antenna tuner. The feedpoint impedance transformation provided by the window line allows for direct connection to 50-ohm coax on multiple bands. F4FHH's experience involved constructing the ZS6BKW and evaluating its performance against an _OCF dipole_ (Off-Center Fed) on various HF frequencies. The article includes observations on SWR readings and operational effectiveness, highlighting the ZS6BKW's suitability for multi-band operation. The antenna's overall length, including the flat-top and window line, is approximately **41.5 meters** (136 feet), making it a significant wire antenna for fixed station use. Comparative analysis with the OCF dipole provided practical insights into the ZS6BKW's advantages and limitations, particularly concerning bandwidth and tuner requirements.

The Classic Multiband Dipole Antenna QST article. The open-wire feed line dipole antenna is easy to install and offers surprising performance on several bands. You can install it in almost any configuration; it does not have to be strung in the traditional horizontal flat top

This antenna consists of 4 resonate dipoles made from 12 insulated copper electrical wire. The dipoles are resonate on the following bands: 6 meters, 10 meters, 12 meters and 17 meters.

W3DZZ trapped multi-band antenna, exposed in this practical wireless article

A multiband dipole antenna that can work on 15 20 and 40 meters band made with common materials

A simple 7 bands off-center dipole wire antenna designed to work on 80 meters band and that can cover also 40m 30m 20m 15m 12m 10m with acceptable SWR

The ZS6BKW antenna, a popular multiband wire antenna, offers improved band matching compared to the traditional G5RV. This construction guide details the process, beginning with specific dimensions: 13.11 meters (43 feet) for the 450-ohm ladder line and initial dipole arm lengths of approximately 14.8 meters each. It emphasizes the critical role of an _antenna analyzer_ for accurate tuning, particularly for determining the velocity factor of the ladder line and achieving a 1:1 impedance match. The article outlines the materials required, including a 1:1 current balun, 450-ohm window line, wire for the dipole arms, and a 50-ohm non-inductive resistor for testing. It provides a step-by-step procedure for cutting the ladder line to its electrical half-wavelength, explaining how to calculate the velocity factor using measured and free-space frequencies. For instance, a measured 50-ohm impedance at 12.54 MHz with a calculated free-space half-wavelength frequency of 11.44 MHz yields a velocity factor of 0.91. Final adjustments involve hoisting the antenna to its operational height and fine-tuning the dipole arm lengths to achieve optimal SWR, specifically targeting 14.200 MHz. The _ZS6BKW_ design is noted for its performance on 80m, 40m, 20m, 10m, and 6m, though it is not optimized for 15m operation. The author, _VK4MDX_, shares practical tips for durable construction using stainless steel wire and cable clamps.