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Three live police scanner streams are offered, broadcasting twenty-four hours a day from San Diego County. KE6CBF, the site's operator, provides real-time communications from agencies like the San Diego Police Department (SDPD), San Diego Fire-Rescue Department (SDFD), Sheriff, California Highway Patrol (CHP), and Air Traffic Control (ATC). Beyond the live audio, the platform includes a community forum for scanner enthusiasts. It also provides resources such as FAQs, _10-43_ information pages, and police codes to assist listeners in understanding the transmissions. The site aims for high-quality streaming audio with minimal downtime, supported by user donations. Powered by technologies like PERL, mySQL, ICECAST, APACHE, and LINUX, the site is designed for optimal viewing at **1024 x 768** resolution or higher.

CW Decoder provides a robust solution for amateur radio operators aiming to decode Morse code directly on their computer. The software processes incoming audio, presenting the decoded CW as text on the screen, which can be particularly useful during crowded band conditions or for those refining their copying skills. Additionally, it offers the capability to generate a sidetone, allowing operators to monitor the decoded audio in real-time. The application features a **spectrum display** of the audio input, complete with a sliding cursor. This visual aid enables precise selection of a specific audio frequency for decoding, helping to isolate desired signals from QRM. My field experience with similar decoders confirms that a clear visual representation of the signal greatly improves decoding accuracy, especially when dealing with weak signals or multiple stations. Beyond decoding, the program integrates a **keying function**, allowing users to transmit CW directly from their keyboard. This feature supports full CW break-in operation, which is essential for efficient contesting and DXing, providing immediate switching between transmit and receive modes without manual intervention.

Loop Recorder, a Windows-based software, offers continuous audio recording capabilities, specifically designed for capturing broadcasts from radio or internet radio sources. It features a **looping buffer** that prevents missing the beginning of desired audio segments, such as songs or specific transmissions. The application supports various audio formats including **MP3**, WMA, Ogg Vorbis, and WAV, allowing users to save recordings in their preferred codec. The software provides functionalities for scheduled recordings, enabling automated capture of content at predefined times. It caters to a range of users, from radio enthusiasts monitoring air traffic and scanner amateurs archiving communications, to professional environments requiring 24/7 broadcast storage or call center monitoring. The Pro version extends these capabilities for more demanding, continuous operational tasks. Compatibility spans multiple Windows operating systems, from Windows 9x up to Windows 10, ensuring broad usability across different system generations.

AirNav Selcal Decoder enables you to decode in realtime Aviation HF Selcal transmissions. It only needs an HF airband receiver and your Sound Card. No special hardware needed. With AirNav Selcal Decoder you do not need any other hardware decoding system. Just your PC and the Sound Card.

CWLab02 demonstrates a Windows-based software solution for Morse code enthusiasts, enabling both CW and CCW (Computer-Generated CW) sending and receiving within a single, integrated window. The program incorporates an improved CW interface, aiming to simplify the process of decoding and generating Morse code signals. It provides a straightforward method for hams to practice their CW skills or integrate computer-generated code into their operations, supporting real-time interaction with Morse code transmissions. The software's design focuses on ease of use for CCW operations, allowing operators to quickly generate and transmit code. While specific technical details on its decoding algorithms or WPM range are not provided, the emphasis on an "improved CW" suggests refinements in its signal processing capabilities. The ability to send and receive in the same window streamlines the user experience, offering a practical tool for training, casual QSOs, or integrating into a digital shack setup.

Demonstrates an online **CW** audio decoder tool, currently under active development, designed for analyzing and decoding Morse code. Users can upload audio files containing Morse code or record live audio input via a microphone, with processing handled entirely in JavaScript using the Web Audio API. The software analyzes the audio, attempting to determine the pitch and speed, and then decodes the message, providing options to compare the decoded output against a predefined message or a perfectly timed version. The interface allows for setting optional comparison messages, character speed in WPM, and Farnsworth speed. It also features interactive charts for visualizing the audio analysis, where users can zoom with the mouse wheel and pan by dragging. Specific buttons highlight different element types such as intra-character space, inter-character space, extra elements, missing elements, and replaced elements, aiding in detailed signal analysis. Built-in test files are available for immediate analysis, allowing users to quickly evaluate the decoder's performance. The tool is noted to work with specific browsers and is presented as a testing platform for user feedback, indicating ongoing refinement of its decoding algorithms and user interface.

Argo, developed by I2PHD and IK2CZL, functions as a specialized freeware viewer for various weak signal modes, specifically MTHELL, Slow CW, QRSS, and DFCW. It processes audio input to visualize and decode these extremely low-speed transmissions, which are often imperceptible to the human ear. The software's capabilities extend to EME (Earth-Moon-Earth) operations, where its sensitivity to weak signals is particularly advantageous for detecting faint lunar reflections. The application provides a visual representation of the received signals, allowing operators to discern patterns and decode information from signals buried deep within the noise floor. Its design focuses on extracting data from signals with very narrow bandwidths and long integration times, characteristic of QRSS and similar modes. This tool is distinctively useful for experimenters and DXers engaged in challenging weak signal communication, offering a dedicated platform for modes not typically supported by general-purpose digital mode software. Its specialized focus on _Slow CW_ and _MTHELL_ makes it a niche but effective utility for specific operating scenarios.

adsbScope is a freeware Windows application designed for processing _ADS-B_ (Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast) frames received from a compatible decoder. It identifies aircraft, calculates their real-time positions, and presents flight parameters in both alphanumeric tables and a graphical display. The software interfaces via a virtual COM port, receiving raw frames to provide detailed situational awareness, including a global coordinate grid, continental coastlines, over 4,000 **airport** locations, and major cities. Users can overlay OpenStreetMap tiles and view world state boundaries, with each tracked aircraft rendered with labels showing altitude, speed, heading, squawk code, and flight identifiers. When paired with the adsbPIC-decoder, adsbScope enables advanced hardware control, allowing users to toggle data filters for specific frames like DF17/18/19, adjust analog signal thresholds for reception fine-tuning, and manage system resets or bootloader activation directly from the PC. This functionality provides a customizable toolkit for hobbyist radar listeners, offering a robust alternative to commercial tools for processing aircraft data. The software displays up to **1090 MHz** transponder data and can track aircraft up to 250 nautical miles.

gMFSK, a Gnome Multimode HF Terminal, provides a comprehensive software solution for digital conversational modes on HF bands within Linux and Unix-like operating systems. The application facilitates sending and receiving various digital modes, including MFSK (MFSK16 and MFSK8), RTTY, THROB (1, 2, and 4 throbs/sec), PSK31 (BPSK and QPSK), PSK63, and MT63. It leverages the computer's soundcard for transceiver interfacing, performing all digital signal processing on the main CPU. The software features a multimode waterfall display incorporating waterfall, spectrum, and scope views, enabling _point-and-click tuning_ of decoded signals. Remote logging capabilities are supported via SysV IPC, with integration for logging applications like Xlog. PTT control is managed through serial or parallel port lines, and rig control is implemented using the _Hamlib_ library, allowing for real-time frequency display and transceiver manipulation. Fixtext macros can incorporate variables and command-line output. Distributed under the GNU General Public Licence, version 2, gMFSK requires Gnome libraries and FFTW 2.x libraries for operation, even without a full Gnome desktop environment. The software's design ensures compatibility with any soundcard supported by the operating system.

HotPaw MorseDecoder, an iOS application, provides real-time translation of Morse Code audio signals into plain text, leveraging the device's microphone or headset input. It incorporates a DSP narrow-band audio filter, adjustable from 300 to 2400 Hz, to mitigate background noise and QRM, enhancing signal clarity for decoding. The application offers both an automatic decoding mode and manual controls for fine-tuning parameters such as audio filter frequency, WPM dot/dash speed, noise threshold, and Farnsworth timing. The WPM detection automatically adapts from 8 to 40 WPM, with a QRQ High Speed mode extending this range to 30-80 WPM for faster code. A built-in spectrogram aids in identifying the precise audio frequency of the CW tones. User feedback indicates effective performance with various transceivers like the Yaesu FT-857 and Icom IC-R8600, particularly when manual settings are optimized. The app's ability to visually tune stations within the passband and decode speeds beyond an operator's manual capability has proven beneficial during contests and general QRP operation.

RSCW demonstrates a Linux/Unix command-line utility engineered for **Morse code** decoding via a computer's sound card. It specifically targets the extraction of weak CW signals from noise, operating on 8-bit, 8000 samples/second audio input, typically from `/dev/dsp`. The program outputs decoded characters to `stdout`, supporting user-specified speeds in words per minute (WPM) and carrier frequencies. While effective for machine-sent signals, it exhibits a 2-second decoding lag and requires manual speed input, making it less suitable for general-purpose, real-time contest operation. The resource details the program's components, including `rscw` (the main decoder), `rscwx` (an X11 graphical auxiliary for spectrum and internal signal visualization), `rs12tlmdec` (a specialized decoder for RS-12 amateur radio satellite telemetry), and `noisycw` (a utility for generating noisy Morse signals for testing). Installation instructions involve downloading a `.tgz` file, compiling with `Make`, and requiring the FFTW library (and GTK 2.0 for `rscwx`). Performance is illustrated with a .wav file example of a 12 WPM, 800 Hz CW signal at 12 dB Eb/N0, showcasing RSCW's near-error-free decoding of a test message. The site provides command-line examples utilizing `sox` for audio conversion and `noisycw` for signal generation, inviting comparisons with other decoding software and human operators, particularly for weak signal conditions.

The CW Decoder program facilitates copying Morse code with a computer, displaying decoded CW as text, and generating a sidetone. It incorporates a spectrum display of the audio, allowing operators to select a specific audio frequency for decoding via a sliding cursor. This utility also enables keyboard-based transmitter keying, supporting full CW break-in operation for efficient QSO management. Developed by WD6CNF, the software is a Windows-compatible application designed to assist amateur radio operators in their CW activities. Its features cater to both decoding received signals and transmitting via keyboard input, streamlining the CW operating experience. Functionality includes real-time audio analysis and signal processing, providing a visual representation of the CW signal. The program's integrated keying capability offers a direct interface for transmitting, enhancing its utility as a comprehensive CW station tool.

Demonstrates CW Decoder Logic, a freeware application for Windows Vista SP2, 7, 8, and 10, designed to decode Morse code signals. The software incorporates an optimized 80 Hz DSP filter, enabling reception of CW signals across a speed range of 5 to 60 WPM. Key features include automatic signal tracking within a 3 KHz range, real-time speed detection, and an auto squelch function, enhancing decoder sensitivity and accuracy. The application provides station selection directly on a waterfall display and includes a "Tips" feature for word annotations. It supports sending decoded text to external logging software via UDP protocol, with a logger source code example provided for developers. Configuration options allow users to set speed limitations and customize interface elements. Released initially on October 17, 2016, with subsequent updates, the program requires Microsoft .NET Framework 4.5 or higher. Changelogs detail improvements such as increased program stability, code optimizations for speed, and fixes for display issues across different Windows versions.

Operating amateur radio satellites effectively requires precise knowledge of their orbital mechanics and pass times. Gpredict, a real-time satellite tracking and orbit prediction application, addresses this need by allowing operators to monitor numerous satellites simultaneously. It displays critical data such as position and pass details through various visualizations, including lists, tables, maps, and _polar plots_. Unlike many other satellite tracking programs, Gpredict introduces the concept of visualization modules. These modules enable users to group satellites and configure each group independently, offering unparalleled flexibility in how orbital data is presented. This modular approach supports tracking satellites from multiple observer locations concurrently, which is particularly useful for stations with diverse antenna setups or remote operations. Originally a GUI client for John Magliacane's _Predict_ program, Gpredict evolved to integrate its own tracking code for improved performance. The software is distributed under the GNU General Public License, ensuring it remains free and modifiable for the amateur radio community.

Approximately 400 kHz is the primary frequency for Navtex broadcasts, a crucial maritime safety information system. This legacy software, _Frisnit Navtex Decoder_ version 2.1.5, provides a means to decode these messages directly from an amateur radio receiver's audio output, fed into a PC's microphone input. It operates by processing the audio stream, extracting the FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) data, and presenting the decoded text on a Windows platform. Despite being unsupported and no longer under active development, the application remains functional across a wide range of Microsoft operating systems, from _Windows 95_ through _Windows 11_. Its utility lies in offering a straightforward, no-cost solution for hams and SWLs interested in monitoring Navtex transmissions without specialized hardware. The software's design focuses on simplicity, allowing users to quickly set up and begin decoding maritime weather forecasts, navigation warnings, and other safety-critical information. It leverages the PC's sound card, making it accessible with minimal additional equipment beyond a receiver capable of tuning to the Navtex frequencies.

JTSync is a simple utility that provides the ability to synchronize your computer clock over a network with world-wide NTP servers. When the Internet connection is not available, JTSync allows you to make time adjustments based on decoded QSOs within the WSJT-X application.

CwType v2.35 provides a dedicated terminal interface for **CW operators**, facilitating Morse code transmission from a Windows PC. Users can input characters via the keyboard or a connected paddle, supporting iambic keying. The software manages transceiver control, including PTT and CW keying, through COM or LPT ports. It offers adjustable speed, dash/dot ratio, and inter-letter spacing, with real-time speed display in LPM and WPM calculated by the "PARIS" method. The program includes features like MOX mode for automatic TX on/off, configurable weighting to compensate for transceiver element clipping, and programmable F-key macros for sending predefined text or special sequences. CwType can integrate with logging software such as AALog (V1.0.3 and later) for data transfer, and supports various character sets including English, Russian, and Swedish. A beacon mode is also available, executing the Alt-F12 macro periodically at a user-defined interval. Audio output for monitoring can be routed through the internal PC speaker or a sound card, with options for sine waveform and smooth envelope generation for SSB transmitters. The software is compatible with **Windows XP/Vista/7/8/10** and is distributed as freeware.

DOS Freeware, DSPBOX is an attempt to code the Texas Instruments DSK 'C50 in such a way to make it behave like a commercial DSP noise reduction unit, like the NIR-12, the TimeWave 599+ and others. Not only the noise reduction function has been implemented, but automatic notch, AGC and Band Pass have as well.

Deciphering weak or noisy **CW** (Continuous Wave) signals often presents a challenge for amateur radio operators, particularly in contest environments or during DXpeditions. CWLab04X addresses this by providing a software solution that leverages **DSP** (Digital Signal Processing) capabilities of a soundcard to decode Morse code. It functions as both a receiver and a sender, supporting traditional CW and a unique "CCW" mode designed to enhance copyability of signals struggling against high noise floors. The program offers two installation methods: a Windows-specific installer for straightforward setup or a zipped package compatible with Windows and Linux systems running Wine. Users must first download and review the accompanying PDF documentation, CWLab04.pdf and CWLab04_Hardware.pdf, which detail the software's operation and the necessary soundcard interface circuit. The hardware PDF outlines a direct connection from the receiver audio output to the soundcard input, with optional conversion of the soundcard output for hard-keying or microphone input. CWLab04X is intended as an operational aid rather than a replacement for skilled human copy, particularly highlighting the effectiveness of its CCW mode in adverse signal conditions. The software was last revised in April 2009, with installation requiring the LV Runtime 602.

Palm OS morse code software, simple morse code sender, sends code on the built-in speaker at 1-80 WPM. Higher speeds are sloppy because of the 10 msec resolution of the internal timer.

Spark is a realtime modulator software for Digital Radio Mondiale DRM, DRM+ and analog FM/AM radio standards. The software supports all code rates, bandwidths and robustness modes (A, B, C, D, E) published in the DRM standard as well as all mapping schemes, such as Standard Mapping

Enables users to convert plain text into _Morse Code_ and, conversely, decode Morse sequences back into readable text. This web-based utility provides a straightforward interface for rapid translation, proving useful for both learning and practical application. It processes input efficiently, displaying the corresponding Morse or text output instantly. Operators can leverage this tool for generating practice copy or for deciphering received CW signals, making it a handy resource for those honing their code skills. The translator handles various character inputs, converting them into standard International Morse Code elements. This simple utility supports quick lookups and real-time conversions, facilitating a better understanding of CW structure and timing. It operates entirely online, requiring no software installation.

CWRX, a freeware Windows application, decodes Morse code (CW) signals directly from a sound card's audio input, presenting the decoded text on screen. It supports various receive bandwidths and filtering options, allowing operators to optimize signal reception in different QRM conditions. The program's core functionality focuses on robust CW decoding algorithms, crucial for weak signal work and contesting environments. Developed by OZ1IVA, Lars Harbo, this utility provides a straightforward interface for real-time CW interpretation. It integrates basic logging capabilities, enabling users to record decoded transmissions for later review or contest submission. The software is specifically tailored for the Windows operating system, ensuring compatibility with common shack computer setups. Its design emphasizes ease of use for amateur radio operators seeking a dedicated CW decoding solution. The program's small footprint and direct functionality make it a practical tool for both casual listening and more intensive operating sessions, without requiring extensive system resources.

Learn the Morse Code. Learn from random text or simulated QSO (contact) sources. Create character sequences that you find difficult. Compare your results with what the program sent and view error statistics. Take simulated tests. Sound card not essential. Evaluation version not time limited.

Over 47 full-screen maps are available within _NAOMI_ (North American Overlay Mapper), a free Windows program designed for US and Canadian amateur radio enthusiasts. This mapping suite includes 9 backgrounds such as CQ Zones, ITU Zones, and ARRL Sections, along with 16 foreground layers like Counties, Areacodes, and Grid Locators. Users can calculate distances and bearings, track real-time mouse positions with continuous Grid-Locator data, and integrate with APRS for live station tracking via the FindU database. For a global perspective, the _Global Overlay Mapper_ (GOM) provides a world map, 8 continental maps, and 29 sub-continental maps, all with 12 active layers including Country Outlines, CQ/ITU Zones, and Prefix information. Both NAOMI and GOM offer feature-locate systems to jump to positions based on prefixes, capital cities, or Grid Locators, and provide customized beam headings and distance displays. The site also features _LogView_, a post-contest log visualization tool that analyzes Cabrillo-format logs by plotting QSOs on maps, supporting over 30 major contests like CQWW and ARRL DX, and allowing comparison with published results.

Windows Software Defined Radio SDR for analogue and digital modulation types. Can decode AM and FM+RDS radio as well as DRM/DRM+ and time signals DCF77/HBG. Sodira supports the use of the RTL-SDR through use of the ExtIO_RTL2832.dll module. Demo version available.

Web Morse Runne is an online CW (Morse code) contest simulator developed by DJ1TF - Thomas Fritzsche. This tool allows users to practice their Morse code receiving and sending skills in a simulated contest environment. Key configurable parameters include CW speed, with options ranging from 300Hz to 900Hz, and RX bandwidth, adjustable from 100Hz to 600Hz. Users can also set a monitor level and simulate various band conditions. The interface includes counters for calls and QSOs per hour, along with a timer. Pre-defined function keys are available for common contest exchanges such as F1 (CQ), F3 (TU), F6 (B4), F7 (?), and F8 (NIL). The simulator is designed for ham radio operators looking to improve their CW contesting proficiency.

This article first appeared in the October 1998 issue of Monitoring Times

Showcasing a range of precision-engineered Morse code paddles, UR5CDX emphasizes craftsmanship in both dual and single paddle designs. Each key, such as the _Eridan MX_ or _CT 73 MB_, is engineered for optimal performance, catering specifically to the needs of CW operators. The paddles are not merely tools; they reflect the artistry inherent in ham radio equipment, with options for personalization like _Callsign engraving_ and _3D nameplate_ tags. The commitment to quality is evident in the materials used and the precision of the mechanics, ensuring reliable operation during contests or casual QSOs. Yury, UR5CDX, also engages with the community, sharing insights on the manufacturing process and the impact of current events on production timelines, fostering camaraderie among operators who appreciate the nuances of Morse code communication.

Call Book Log 3.0 is a web-based logging solution for amateur radio operators, designed for self-hosting on a web server with MySQL/MariaDB and PHP 7+ support. It provides a mobile-friendly interface for viewing, adding, editing, deleting, backing up, and restoring QSO logs. The software features a streamlined setup process, allowing users to quickly deploy a personal logging system accessible via any web browser. Key functionalities include displaying the last **5** contact dates for previously worked stations, enhancing log management by providing immediate historical context during QSO entry. The system also includes a central administrative section for authenticated users to manage log entries. The 3.0 version represents a significant code overhaul, focusing on improved performance and a more *visually appealing* user experience compared to earlier iterations. Enhancements include better pagination, a redesigned menu with icons, and color-changing rows for improved readability. The add log page now incorporates a one-click time update feature, addressing user feedback regarding time synchronization during rapid QSO entry. This iteration builds upon previous versions like 2.1, which corrected an automatic _UTC date_ bug, and 2.0, which featured a full rewrite to resolve browser quirks and optimize search functions. The software's evolution demonstrates a commitment to functional stability and user interface refinement.

Demonstrates the capabilities of CW_Shark, a dedicated 32-bit Windows application for Morse code operations. This software facilitates the analysis, decoding, and encoding of CW signals, providing hams with a versatile tool for various aspects of amateur radio communication. It supports four distinct modes: Decode Only, Keyboard QSO, Straight or Paddle Key QSO, and Straight or Paddle Key Practice, catering to different user needs from passive listening to active keying. Operators can utilize the Decode Only mode for signal analysis, while the Keyboard QSO mode allows for text-based interaction. The Straight or Paddle Key QSO mode offers a direct interface for traditional keying, enabling real-time communication. For skill development, the Straight or Paddle Key Practice mode provides a structured environment to hone Morse code proficiency. CW_Shark integrates essential functions for CW enthusiasts, supporting both learning and active participation in Morse code exchanges. Its focused design aims to assist operators in mastering and enjoying the art of _CW communication_.

PropNetPSK is a PSK (Phase Shift Keying) program capable of receiving multiple signals (2 - 16) at one time for the exclusive use to decode a properly formatted PropNetPSK beacon signal. If you are looking for a Keyboard to Keyboard type of program, this will not fit your bill.

Several HD video overlay devices are offered, including the GeoStamp HD, which overlays GPS latitude, longitude, heading, speed, altitude, date, time, and depth onto AHD, HD-TVI, and HD-CVI (720p/1080p) video sources. The VideoStamp HD allows user-defined text overlays on similar HD video inputs, while the VideoStamp Keyboard HD enables text input via a PS/2 keyboard for video overlay. For commercial applications, the PostMark HD integrates with cash registers and POS terminals to overlay transaction data onto security camera feeds. Beyond HD video solutions, the DTMF-8 DTMF Decoder provides remote control capabilities for up to eight devices or relays using touch tones from a radio or other audio source. This decoder supports four operational modes and includes password protection, storing all settings in non-volatile EEPROM memory. The product line also includes standard definition OSD, RS-232, GPS, and POS text inserters, along with various DTMF encoders and DVR solutions.

GPSTime is a small freeware applet that corrects your PC clock using GPS. GPSTime reads the serial data coming out of your GPS receiver and decodes the $GPRMC messages to determine the precise UTC time. Works on Windows Vista/7/8/10 with PC with serial ports.

This code practice oscillator project uses a 555 timer IC. Includes a Schematic Diagram of the morse code oscillator

VHF – Based on realtime APRS reports. This map shows real-time radio propagation from stations operated near 144 MHz. It uses data gathered by Automatic Packet Reporting System-Internet Service (APRS-IS) from packet stations in the amateur radio service. The map shows activity from the past hour. Paths are smoothed to create a color-coded footprint indicating the distance VHF signals are likely to be traveling.

The CES Wireless Technologies website details a range of **GPS fleet tracking** solutions designed for mobile information systems. It highlights offerings such as dispatch and mapping software, Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) systems, and mobile data display terminals. The platform also mentions support for Automatic Number Identification (ANI) and Continuous Tone-Coded Squelch System (CTCSS) functionalities, indicating integration with two-way radio communication protocols. Specific products include GPS tracking devices and associated software for fleet management, emphasizing features like real-time location monitoring and operational efficiency. The site positions itself as a manufacturer in this specialized domain, catering to commercial and public safety sectors requiring robust mobile data solutions. While the page title mentions "Ham Radio Directory" categories, the content primarily focuses on commercial GPS and fleet management technologies, not amateur radio applications. The listed products are geared towards professional mobile radio (PMR) environments rather than typical ham radio operations.

The 2200-meter band (135.7-137.8 kHz) presents unique challenges for amateur radio operators due to its narrow 2.1 kHz bandwidth, low signal levels, and high noise. W1TAG explores various transmission modes suited for this demanding environment, highlighting that traditional voice modes like SSB and AM are impractical. Plain old CW serves as the baseline, demonstrating effectiveness across different modes, though signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) significantly limits practical speeds. The article notes that reducing CW speed below 5 WPM can improve copy, especially with computer-aided spectrum analysis software capable of decoding signals too weak for human ear reception. QRSS, or "CW sent slowly enough that speeds are best expressed in seconds per dot," is a key mode for LF work, with examples ranging from 3 seconds/dot to extreme 240 seconds/dot transmissions. _Argo_ by I2PHD is mentioned as a simple program for QRSS, enabling reception of signals like BRO, a Part 15 beacon, at a distance of **1100 miles**. Other modes discussed include Dual Frequency CW (DFCW), which uses frequency shifts to distinguish dots and dashes, and Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), a phase modulation technique employing 0 to 180-degree phase flips. WOLF (Weak-signal Operation on Low Frequency), a specialized BPSK form by KK7KA, encodes 15-character messages into 960-bit packages, taking 96 seconds to transmit, and has demonstrated successful reception over **672 seconds** for a message from a 1-watt beacon. Further modes include PSK, FSK variations like JASON and MSK, and graphical modes such as Hellschreiber and Chirped Hell. The article concludes with a practical chart comparing the time required to send a simple message like "WD2XES FN42CH " across these diverse LF modes, offering valuable insights for operators planning contacts on the low bands.

LA6EIA Ole's DX-blog details shortwave listening (SWL) and amateur radio DX operations from Norway, providing insights into propagation conditions and station reception. The blog frequently features specific reception reports, often including details such as frequency, mode, and signal strength, alongside observations of various broadcast and utility stations. It documents the author's personal experiences in chasing DX, offering a practical perspective on radio propagation and equipment performance. The content includes logs of received stations, sometimes accompanied by audio clips or screenshots of waterfall displays, illustrating successful decodes or strong signal captures. This resource presents a chronological record of DX achievements and challenges, reflecting the dynamic nature of radio propagation across different bands and times. The blog distinguishes itself by its focus on real-world SWL and amateur radio DXing from a Nordic QTH, offering a unique regional perspective on global radio phenomena. It serves as a personal journal of radio exploration, highlighting specific callsigns, frequencies, and operational details encountered during DX sessions.

Operating Morse code (CW) relies on a diverse array of **telegraph keys**, each with unique characteristics and historical significance. This resource presents a personal collection of such keys, offering visual documentation and details on various models. It features early Marconi keys from the 1900s, including specific models like the Marconi Air Ministry Key and Marconi Coastal Station Keys, alongside **Vibroplex** bugs and JRC keys. The collection also highlights rare items such as the Brown Brothers Magnetic Twin Paddle Key, the Eddystone Bug Key, and Swedish SRA Ericsson Keys. Enthusiasts can view examples of GPO Double Current & Single Current Keys, Navy NATO Keys, and specialized aircraft and maritime keys. The site includes information on historical training devices like the OMNIGRAPH and a Morse Inker from 1900, providing context for the evolution of telegraphy equipment. Additionally, the resource showcases unique items like the B2 Spy Set SOE Agents Key and a WW2 Junker U-BOAT KEY, illustrating the varied applications of Morse keys throughout history. The author, G0RDO, also shares details on a home-made paddle key and invites inquiries for acquiring interesting Morse keys.

The _Touch CPO_ circuit offers a unique method for Morse Code practice, eliminating the need for a physical key. It leverages the versatile IC555 timer, configured as an astable multivibrator, to generate an audio tone. Users can adjust the tone's frequency by manipulating a 100 K variable resistor connected between pins 7 and 6 of the IC555, providing flexibility in the practice experience. Volume control is achieved via a 10 K variable resistor, while a 1 K Ohms preset at pin 4 of the IC555 allows for fine-tuning the touch plate's sensitivity. The design connects the touch plate to the base of a BC147B transistor, a configuration noted for its flexibility regarding the length of wire between the transistor and the touch plate. The author's prototype successfully used a 9 cm wire with a 3 x 6 cm aluminum plate. This project also suggests an alternative application as a touch-operated doorbell, demonstrating the circuit's adaptability. The design emphasizes simplicity and ease of construction, making it accessible for hams interested in DIY electronics.

Iambic and Straight key amateur ham radio CW Morse code practice oscillators for Android. This Android app gives you both straight and iambic CW Morse code practice key oscillators. Each key translates Morse code into English and CW prosigns in real time as you practice. Practice sending Morse code with a straight key oscillator. Settings include WPM, show/hide Morse code/text, choose sidetone 400Hz-800Hz. Adjust the WPM so that you can produce well formed DITs and DAHs at a comfortable speed.

Monitoring extremely weak signals in the QRSS (Very Slow Morse) mode requires specialized receiving and processing capabilities to extract information below the typical noise floor. This project provides a software solution, _QrssPiG_, designed to run on a Raspberry Pi, enabling it to function as a dedicated QRSS grabber. It interfaces with various Software Defined Radio (SDR) devices, including the popular _rtl-sdr_ dongles and _HackRF_ units, to acquire raw I/Q data streams. The software then performs the necessary signal processing to visualize and decode these faint, long-duration CW transmissions, often operating with milliwatts of power. The system leverages the computational power of the Raspberry Pi for real-time signal analysis, allowing hams to participate in QRSS experiments and monitor distant beacons. It supports different SDR hardware, offering flexibility in setup and deployment for home stations or remote monitoring sites. The project includes detailed instructions for installation and configuration, making it accessible for those familiar with Linux environments. This grabber is particularly useful for tracking propagation on the LF and HF bands where QRSS activity is common, providing a visual representation of signal presence over extended periods.

The Texas Slow Net (TSN) operates daily at 7:45 PM local time on 3570 KHz, serving as a dedicated traffic handling training net within the National Traffic System. It specifically caters to operators aiming to enhance their **International Morse Code** skills and learn proper CW traffic net procedures. Each session incorporates a traffic handling lesson delivered as a radiogram to all participants, reinforcing practical application. The resource provides guidance on effective Morse Code learning, emphasizing sound recognition over visual dot/dash counting, suggesting characters be sent at 15 words per minute with adjusted spacing. It recommends listening to W1AW code practice transmissions, setting goals with ARRL's Code Proficiency Program qualifying runs, and regular participation in NTS traffic nets. The content also references the ARRL's Public Service Communications Manual, particularly Section 2, which details the **National Traffic System**.

Around 17% of the U.S. population experiences some degree of Dyslexia, a condition affecting language processing that can hinder amateur radio license candidates, often leading to repeated exam failures despite diligent study. This resource outlines methods for Volunteer Examiners (VEs) and Elmers to identify and assist candidates with cognitive disorders like Dyslexia and **ADHD**, which affects approximately 4% of U.S. adults. It emphasizes recognizing patterns in missed answers, such as spatial placement errors on answer sheets, and suggests reading questions aloud as an accommodation. The author, NC4FB, shares a structured approach developed over three years, involving extensive candidate interviews and a self-study program. This program utilizes specialized software with keyword highlighting and a unique font to improve comprehension for Dyslexic/ADHD candidates. It also incorporates **MP3 audio files** for subelement questions and correct answers, providing an alternative study method for those who benefit from auditory learning. Key elements of the support strategy include repetition, positive reinforcement, and timely progress updates, often visualized with a color-coded table tracking scores of 85 or higher. The goal is for candidates to pass three consecutive sample exams with at least 85% before attempting the actual license exam, demonstrating mastery of the material.

This blog article introduces an updated repeater controller project utilizing the Arduino UNO. It includes a CW identifier, and the ID message can be customized using hex codes. The author offers a Windows command line program for easier message coding and provides a link for download. The controller features three adjustable timers for IDer, Timer-out, and Squelch-tail. The article also mentions the use of an audio switch to control audio levels between the receiver and transmitter. Detailed instructions and code files are available on the author's website for both version 1 and version 2 of the Arduino repeater controller. The project aims to enhance repeater functionality and audio management in ham radio operations.

Maybe not state-of-the-art technology but the author offers a quick and easy project for a Morse code practice oscillator using a 555 timer chip

The morsecodeworld.org web application provides an online Morse code decoder and encoder, facilitating real-time conversion between text and International Morse code. It supports adjustable transmission speed (Words Per Minute), sidetone frequency pitch (Hz), and output volume, allowing users to customize their learning and practice environment. The tool includes a quick reference chart for the Morse alphabet and focuses exclusively on International Morse, aligning with contemporary amateur radio licensing and on-air practices, distinguishing it from historical American Morse code. This web-based utility enables users to type text for encoding into Morse audio or paste Morse code for decoding into plain text, offering immediate feedback on timing and character spacing. It supports both visual and auditory learning by providing adjustable parameters for speed and tone. The platform is designed for self-assessment, encouraging users to practice copying and sending, and to identify and correct common errors in character recognition and timing.

Digirig is an open-source integrated digital modes interface for amateur radio. As a differentiating feature, Digirig only requires a single USB connection to the computer with all the digital goodness packed in a single small enclosure. The internals include a USB hub, audio codec, a fully featured serial CAT (Computer Aided Transceiver) interface, and potentially other modules such as GPS receiver for time synchronization.

Signal Stuff operates as an online retail outlet specializing in amateur radio antennas and related accessories, with a core mission to financially support educational platforms like HamStudy.org and ExamTools.org. The product line prominently features their Super-Elastic Signal Stick™ antennas, available with SMA-F, SMA-M, and BNC connectors, designed for various handheld transceivers including Baofeng, Icom, Yaesu, and Kenwood models. The site details product specifications, pricing, and a lifetime warranty for the Signal Stick™ antennas, emphasizing their role in funding free ham radio licensing study guides and exam administration software. Proceeds from antenna sales directly contribute to the development and maintenance of HamStudy.org, a free online resource for amateur radio license preparation, and ExamTools.org, software utilized by Volunteer Examiner (VE) teams for efficient exam administration. The site also promotes HamBook.org, a free series of comprehensive study guides, which integrates with the HamStudy app and website through links and QR codes for an adaptive learning experience. This business model links product sales to community support, providing essential tools for aspiring and upgrading amateur radio operators.