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Over 25,000 amplifiers and sub-assemblies were produced by Angle Linear for the communications industry over a 40-year period. The company specialized in **high-linearity RF products**, focusing on preamplifiers, bandpass filters, and receiver multicouplers. Specific product lines included PHEMT and GaAs FET preamplifiers, offering both quadrature and single-ended configurations for various signal levels. The offerings encompassed coaxial and combline bandpass filters, along with integrated filter-preamplifier assemblies. The company also provided custom RF assemblies, addressing applications such as MRI preamplifiers, passive radar, and EME (moon bounce). Their product range covered VHF and UHF frequencies, including specific designs for 2m, 70cm, and 23cm bands, often featuring high IP3 performance. Technical documentation, such as filtering application notes and duplexer theory, was also associated with their product offerings.

Schematics for a VHF UHF duplexer

Duplexers for dual band radio are usually high pass filter and low pass filter combined in the same box. This circuit is a design within a cost of US$10.

Diplexer is a passive device, a special filter circuit that seperates 2 different bands, not to be confused with the duplexer that usually separate 2 different frequencies on the same band.

Benelec Pty Ltd specializes in the design and manufacturing of **antennas** and RF components, covering a broad frequency range from 0.002 GHz to 8 GHz. Their product line includes Land Mobile Radio Antennas, such as HF 2-30MHz, VHF 40-180MHz, and UHF 200-520MHz models, alongside specialized Military Antennas for dismounted, UxS, C2, and EW applications. The company also produces Cellular Antennas, including 4G/5G and GPS/GNSS types, and Marine Antennas for both vessel-mounted and fixed-site installations. Additionally, Benelec offers a comprehensive range of coaxial cables, connectors like N-Type and SMA, and various radio accessories. The company's offerings extend to RF components such as duplexers, diplexers, and 50 Ohm loads, as well as DAS components like directional couplers and hybrid combiners. Benelec provides EMP and lightning protection solutions, including 1/4 Wave Stub protectors and replaceable GAS capsules. Their product catalog also features P25, DMR, and FM Analog radios, along with portable and mobile radio accessories like batteries, chargers, and cabled headsets. The company supports various sectors with robust communication solutions.

A cavity filter, often a critical component in _duplexer_ designs, functions as a sharply tuned resonant circuit, allowing only specific frequencies to pass while attenuating others. These filters are essential for maintaining signal integrity in environments where multiple transmitters and receivers operate simultaneously on closely spaced frequencies, such as in repeater stations. The article details how these filters, sometimes referred to as _notch filters_, achieve high Q factors, which are crucial for their performance. Understanding the principles of cavity filters is fundamental for any amateur radio operator involved in repeater operation or designing custom RF front-ends. The discussion covers the basic circuitry and operational characteristics that enable these devices to provide significant isolation, often achieving **-80 dB** or more between transmit and receive paths. This level of isolation is vital for preventing receiver desensitization and intermodulation distortion. Properly tuned cavity filters ensure that a repeater can transmit and receive simultaneously on different frequencies without self-interference, a common challenge in VHF/UHF operations.

Comprod Communications specializes in the design and manufacturing of RF communication solutions, including a comprehensive range of antennas, duplexers, multicouplers, and combiners. The resource details their product categories, which encompass base station antennas, mobile antennas, transit antennas, and disguised antennas, alongside mounting solutions and in-building systems. It highlights the company's 40-year history in adapting offerings to client needs and anticipating industry trends, emphasizing product durability and low maintenance for harsh environments. The company's offerings are presented as high-quality, designed to withstand extreme conditions from Arctic cold to equatorial heat and humidity. The site mentions solutions and technical sales support, training, and site analysis and system design as part of their service portfolio. It also references being a market leader trusted by over 1,000 customers worldwide, positioning itself as a partner for RF communication needs.

Explains the fundamental purpose of a repeater, detailing how these automated relay stations overcome distance and terrain limitations for VHF/UHF communications. It traces the historical development from early Bell Telephone Labs "relay" stations in 1922 to Art Gentry, W6MEP's, pioneering K6MYK amateur radio repeater in the mid-1950s, which remains active today. The resource clarifies the distinction between simplex and duplex operation, including the unique function of a "parrot repeater" for single-frequency recording and playback. Delving into the internal workings, the guide breaks down a repeater into its core components: the antenna system, feedline (often _Heliax_ or hardline for minimal loss), duplexer, receiver, transmitter, and controller. It emphasizes the critical role of the duplexer in preventing receiver desensitization by isolating transmit and receive signals, even with distinct frequencies. The discussion highlights the importance of high-performance, durable antennas and low-loss feedlines, citing examples of equipment installed in the 1960s and 1970s that are still in perfect working order. Operating a repeater is also covered, with an explanation of frequency offset (e.g., the 600 kHz standard for 2 meters) and the function of _CTCSS_ (PL tone) for access. It outlines standard input/output offsets for various bands, from 6 meters to 23 centimeters, while noting regional variations. The guide also touches on features like autopatch and Digital Voice Recorders (DVRs), providing a solid foundation for understanding repeater technology and usage.