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The 80-meter loop antenna, measuring 86 meters (282 feet) of wire, effectively operates across 8 HF bands from 80 through 10 meters, despite its length being a compromise for specific bands. This design prioritizes a "low enough" SWR across multiple bands, aiming for lower SWR values on higher frequencies due to increased feedline losses. A 200-ohm feedpoint impedance provides a workable SWR on every band, with feedpoint impedances ranging from 100 ohms for lower bands to 300 ohms for higher bands. Radiation patterns for the 80-meter loop, mounted at 15 meters high, show a maximum gain of 7.6 dBi at a 90-degree takeoff angle on 80 meters, and up to 12.9 dBi at a 10-degree takeoff angle on 12 meters. This configuration supports regional contacts on 80 meters and provides good DX performance on higher bands. Practical construction notes emphasize using robust supports like trees, ensuring wire slack with _egg insulators_ for wind resilience, and employing an oversized 2 kW 4:1 _balun_ to safely handle higher SWR conditions, even with 100W transceivers. Feedline losses are minimized using _LMR-400_ coax or ladder line, with power transfer efficiency between 80% and 95%. Antenna simulations were performed using _xnec2c_, and the provided NEC file is compatible with other NEC2 derivatives. The antenna is tunable on 6 of 8 bands with an internal ATU and all 8 bands with an external autotuner like the LDG AT-200 Pro.

Automatic Link Establishment (ALE) is a digital signaling protocol enabling HF radio stations to automatically establish communication links, crucial for emergency and disaster relief operations. HFLINK serves as a central international resource for ALE High Frequency Communications, HF Selective Calling (SELCALL), and general HF interoperability. The platform provides extensive information on ALE operation, including frequency networks, band plans, and software like _PCALE_ for amateur radio integration. It also documents significant events such as the _HF Interoperability Exercise (HFIE)_ and the _Global Simulated Emergency Test (GlobalSET)_, which allow ham operators to gain real-world experience in interoperable HF communications, often using specific frequencies like the USA 5 MHz ALE simplex frequency 5371.5 kHz USB. The site features articles on antenna types popular among ALE users, such as autotuners and broadband antennas like the _T2FD_ and the Broadband Butterfly Terminated Dipole (BBTD).

The ZS6BKW multiband antenna, an optimized variant of the classic G5RV, features a 102-foot (31.1 m) horizontal span and a 39.1-foot ladder line matching section. This design, derived by G0GSF (formerly ZS6BKW) in the early 1980s using computer programs and _Smith charts_, aims for improved SWR across multiple HF bands compared to its predecessor. Construction details specify Wireman 554 ladder line and #14 AWG THHN copper wire for the radiators, with precise instructions for determining the velocity factor (VF) of the ladder line using an antenna analyzer or dip meter, ensuring accurate physical length for the matching section. The radiator length is electrically 1.35 wavelengths for the 20-meter band, requiring careful trimming during tuning. Field measurements with an _AIM-4170C_ analyzer by KI4PMI and NC4FB demonstrated good SWR curves and bandwidth on 6, 10, 12, 17, 20, and 40 meters. The antenna was deemed unusable on 15 and 30 meters due to very high SWR, but an LDG AT-100PRO autotuner successfully brought 6 and 80 meters into tune. Contacts were made on 80, 40, 20, and 17 meters, including a **17-meter** contact to Spain. EZNEC models for 80-6 meters are provided, along with an AutoEZ model by AC6LA, which predicted good SWR for 80-10 meters. W5DXP's modifications for an all-band HF ZS6BKW are also referenced.

The X80 multi-band HF vertical antenna, a commercial iteration of the Rybakov design, exhibits a physical length of 5.5 meters, or approximately 18 feet, and is constructed from aluminum tubing. It operates as a non-resonant vertical, requiring an external antenna tuner for impedance matching across its intended operating frequencies. The antenna's design incorporates a 1:4 UNUN at its base, facilitating a nominal 50-ohm feed point impedance for the coaxial cable. Performance observations indicate effective operation on 40 meters, 20 meters, 15 meters, and 10 meters, with reduced efficiency on 80 meters and 160 meters due to its relatively short electrical length for these lower bands. Comparative analysis with a G5RV dipole and a half-wave end-fed antenna reveals the X80 offers a lower take-off angle, beneficial for DX contacts, particularly on the higher HF bands. Field tests conducted with an Icom IC-706MKIIG transceiver and an LDG AT-100ProII autotuner demonstrate the X80's ability to achieve acceptable SWR across 80m through 10m. The antenna's compact footprint and ease of deployment make it suitable for restricted spaces or portable operations, though its performance on 80 meters is noted as a compromise compared to full-size resonant antennas.

The Icom AH-4 autotuner operates efficiently across multiple HF bands, providing seamless automatic tuning for antennas from 3.5 MHz to 54 MHz. Its robust design allows for outdoor installation, making it suitable for field operations and fixed stations. The unit interfaces with Icom transceivers via a control cable, enabling automatic band switching and tuning. The AH-4 is capable of handling up to 120 watts of RF power, ensuring compatibility with most amateur radio setups. Its weather-resistant casing and compact form factor make it a versatile choice for operators requiring reliable performance in diverse environments. Field tests demonstrate the AH-4's ability to maintain low SWR across its operational range, enhancing signal quality and transmission efficiency. Compared to manual tuners, the AH-4 offers significant time savings and ease of use, particularly in rapidly changing band conditions. Its integration with Icom radios simplifies operation, eliminating the need for manual adjustments. The autotuner's performance is consistent with other high-end models, providing a cost-effective solution for amateur operators seeking dependable tuning capabilities without sacrificing performance.

Review of the LDG AT600 Pro antenna tuner by AE5X

Evaluates the **LDG Z100 autotuner**, a device designed to automatically match antenna impedance for optimal transmission efficiency. The review discusses its performance in comparison to the MFJ-902, noting that while the Z100 is a reliable autotuner, it does not match the range of impedances that the MFJ-902 can handle. The Z100 is suitable for operators seeking a 100-watt autotuner that covers HF bands, providing a practical solution for those who require automatic tuning without manual adjustments. The review highlights the Z100's operational context, focusing on its use in HF bands and its practical application in amateur radio setups. While it offers a straightforward tuning process, the Z100's limitations in impedance matching are noted, making it less versatile than some competitors. This comparison provides valuable insights for operators considering an upgrade or replacement for their current autotuner. The Z100's performance is positioned within the broader market of autotuners, offering a clear perspective on its strengths and weaknesses in real-world amateur radio operations.

The **LDG Z100 Autotuner** review by GW6ITJ details the unit's practical application and performance in a ham shack environment. Initially acquired to replace an MFJ-902, the Z100 is noted for its ease of use, though the author observes it doesn't quite match the impedance range of the older MFJ unit. This hands-on assessment provides a real-world perspective on its capabilities for 100-watt operation across the HF bands. GW6ITJ specifically mentions the Z100's suitability for 3.5 MHz and higher frequencies, indicating its utility for common HF operations. The review focuses on user experience rather than technical specifications, directing readers to the LDG website for detailed data and manuals. This approach highlights the tuner's operational characteristics from a user's perspective. The author's experience with the Z100 suggests it's a reliable choice for general amateur radio use, particularly for those seeking a straightforward autotuner. The comparison to the MFJ-902 offers a valuable benchmark for hams considering a similar upgrade or new acquisition, emphasizing practical differences in impedance matching.

This article documents the author's latest go-box build for outdoor ham radio operations using a Yaesu FT-891 transceiver. The go-box is constructed from a plastic "50-cal ammo case" and contains various components, including the transceiver, LDG Z11 Pro autotuner, DIY Yaesu FH-2 remote control keypad, and an external battery. The author details the design considerations, the mounting of components inside the box, and addresses issues related to ventilation and cable management. The go-box is geared for CW operations and POTA activations, with further modifications planned for a microphone and DATA jack. This project allows for rugged, environmentally protected outdoor radio operations while maintaining portability.

Demonstrates the construction of an **ATU-100 (N7DDC)** automatic antenna tuner, detailing the assembly process from component arrival to final enclosure. The resource covers winding the tandem match transformer, connecting the OLED display, and integrating optional control buttons. Specific attention is given to modifying the EEPROM settings for **QRP operation**, reducing the minimum tuning power to 1 Watt, and addressing potential RF interference with CPU by adding capacitors to button connections. The build log includes practical tips such as adapting RG58 coaxial cable strands for PCB mounting and utilizing a repurposed Macbook Pro cover for the custom enclosure. The author references external GitHub pages for comprehensive information, R0AEK's resources for additional details, and a video by MW0SAW for EEPROM configuration across different ATU-100 variants. Future plans involve field testing the completed tuner during SOTA or other portable activations.

VE1ZAC's analysis details the performance of **MFJ927** and **SGC239** autotuners with portable HF vertical antennas, specifically comparing 31 ft and 43 ft configurations. The resource originated from challenges encountered during a Maritime QSO Party roving operation, necessitating a lightweight and easily deployable antenna system. Target bands for the contest included 80, 40, 20, 15, and 10 meters, with a maximum power handling of 100 W CW. The author utilized a 30-foot carbon fiber push-up pole to support a vertical wire element, noting its 2 lb weight and reliability. EZNEC modeling was employed to predict performance, showing favorable results for a 30-foot vertical with elevated radials, particularly on 40 and 20 meters. Feedpoint impedance measurements, taken with an AIM4170C, are presented for various HF bands, both with and without a 41-foot RG6 stub designed to reduce reactance on 80 and 20 meters. The stub significantly improved matching on these bands, easing the tuner's workload. Operational tests revealed issues with the MFJ927's reliability during contest setup, leading to reliance on the K3's internal tuner. The SGC239, tested post-contest, performed flawlessly. A detailed side-by-side comparison covers mechanical aspects, connection options, power bias, impedance range, board quality, and documentation. Modifications to the MFJ927, including a new aluminum case, white paint for heat reduction, and upgraded impedance-measuring resistors, are also described.

An Arduino-based interface provides a remote tuner call command for Icom **IC7700** and **IC7800** transceivers, addressing the lack of a built-in function for external tuners such as the MFJ 998RT. This setup initiates a low-power transmit signal, typically 15 watts, allowing the remote autotuner to perform its matching sequence. The article details the required CI-V line communication and modifications to existing Arduino code, specifically referencing contributions from Jean-Jacques ON7EQ for improved Icom interrogation routines. The system involves a sequence of steps: storing the transceiver's current mode and power, disabling the internal autotuner, activating a control relay to interrupt the amplifier line, switching to RTTY mode at low power, and initiating transmit. The transmit duration is manually controlled by the operator, observing the SWR meter until a low SWR is achieved, then a second button press stops the transmission. A built-in 4-second transmit limit provides a safety measure. After tuning, the routine restores the original mode and power settings, re-enables the internal autotuner, and performs a brief 2-second RTTY transmission for internal tuner adjustment. The circuit diagram includes a Panasonic form 2 relay for amp control and emphasizes critical delays in the Arduino code for stable operation at 9600 baud CI-V communication. Compatibility with logging software like DXLab, N1MM, and N3FJP is noted, with specific interrogation time settings required to avoid conflicts.