Search results

A free soundcard application supporting PSK31, PSK63, RTTY, CW, and Phone operation. It can decode all PSK QSOs within a 4 KHz segment, maintaining a sorted list of heard callsigns; it can simultaneously decode RTTY via soundcard and an external modem, generates CW directly or via WinKey, and includes a voice keyer. WinWarbler interoperates with the free Commander, DXKeeper, and SpotCollector for transceiver control, logging, and spotting.

The NCDXF/IARU International Beacon Project schedule provides precise transmission start times for 18 beacons operating on 14.100 MHz, 18.110 MHz, 21.150 MHz, 24.930 MHz, and 28.200 MHz. Each beacon transmits every three minutes, cycling through its callsign at 22 WPM followed by four one-second dashes. The initial callsign and first dash are sent at 100 watts, with subsequent dashes at 10 watts, 1 watt, and 100 milliwatts, enabling **propagation analysis** across varying signal strengths. The schedule lists the minute and second within each hour for the first transmission of each beacon on its respective frequencies. This resource allows **DXers** and **contesters** to accurately predict beacon transmissions for real-time propagation assessment. For example, 4U1UN transmits first at 00:00 on 14.100 MHz, followed by VE8AT at 00:10, and W6WX at 00:20, continuing the sequence. The page also notes recent hardware upgrades, such as the installation of IBP 2.0 controllers with Icom 7200 radios at some sites, and provides status updates for beacons experiencing hardware failures or those not recently heard, aiding in troubleshooting and managing expectations for monitoring.

This resource provides a historical listing of **unlicensed amateur radio beacons** active in the United States as of December 1993, specifically detailing both **LOWFER** (Low Frequency Experimental Radio) and **MEDFER** (Medium Frequency Experimental Radio) operations. The data includes beacon frequencies in kilocycles (Kc), identification codes, state locations, and the callsigns or names of the beacon operators. Frequencies range from 166.667 Kc for LOWFER to 1706.0 Kc for MEDFER, illustrating the spectrum utilized by these experimental stations. The information was originally compiled by Mark Burkart and relayed to the rec.radio.shortwave newsgroup by Rick Robinson, KF4AR. The list serves as a snapshot of experimental beacon activity from the early 1990s, offering insight into the types of operations and the individuals involved in unlicensed, low-power transmissions. It highlights specific beacon IDs like "ABC SC" on 510.5 Kc and "GK HI" on 1620 Kc, alongside operator details such as Todd Roberts (WD4NGG) and Herb Vanderbeek (WY6G). While not a current operational guide, it is a valuable historical document for those interested in the evolution of LF/MF experimental radio and the early days of internet-based amateur radio information sharing.

RadioQTH's Vanity Calls service provides a utility for US amateur radio operators to locate available vanity callsigns, specifically focusing on the shortest possible options. The system filters through all potential callsigns within a user's license class and presents only those currently unused, with results weighted by either their actual character length or their equivalent length in _Morse code_. This approach assists hams in securing memorable and efficient callsigns for CW operation. The service also lists recently granted vanity callsigns, sorted by prefix, offering insight into current FCC assignments. It clarifies the common misconception that callsigns are granted on a first-come, first-served basis, explaining the random selection process for applications received on the same day. The platform updates frequently, providing current data on available 1x2, 2x1, 2x2, 1x3, and 2x3 callsign formats, which are highly sought after by _Extra Class_ and _Advanced Class_ licensees.

QRZCQ.com provides a centralized online platform for amateur radio operators, integrating a global callsign database with DX Cluster functionality. The service features real-time DX spotting, filtering capabilities for specific bands (e.g., 160m, 80m, 40m, 20m, 15m, 10m), and specialized filters for awards like IOTA, SOTA, WWFF, and QRP activity. It also includes a logbook, QSL manager lookup, contest calendar, and various ham radio articles and news feeds, supporting a wide range of operating activities and information retrieval. The platform aggregates data from multiple sources, offering a dynamic view of on-air activity and callsign information. Users can register for free to access additional services, including a personal logbook, buddy lists, and chat features, fostering community interaction among over 198,600 registered users. The DX Cluster displays recent spots with frequency, DX call, spotter, and remarks, covering bands from VLF to VHF. Beyond DX spotting, the site provides resources such as repeater directories, propagation information, and a swapmeet, making it a multi-faceted tool for both casual browsing and serious DXing or contesting. The service also highlights active users, latest news, articles, and videos, keeping the content fresh and relevant.

This online article provides a list of individuals who hold or have held amateur radio callsigns, detailing their public recognition. The resource identifies specific callsigns such as **K1JT** (Joe Taylor, Nobel Prize in Physics), **W6OBB** (Art Bell, syndicated radio personality), and **JY1** (King Hussein of Jordan), linking them to their non-amateur achievements. It also notes operational statuses like _Silent Key_ for deceased operators and _lapsed callsign_ for inactive licenses. The article includes information on callsign changes due to vanity callsign programs and provides examples of individuals involved in specific technical areas, such as Percy L. Spencer (**W1GBE**), inventor of the microwave oven, and Jay Kolinsky (**NE2Q**), inventor of electronic sirens. It also references amateur radio involvement in _space missions_ for individuals like Owen Garriot (**W5LFL**) and Helen Sharman (**GB1MIR**). DXZone Focus: Online Article | Famous Hams | Callsign Status | Vanity Callsigns

The Super Check Partial database files provide a list of callsigns used by active contesters. The data comes from Cabrillo logs contributed by contesters themselves. Contributed logs from the past 24 months are used to create the database. These logs are combined and filtered so that they result in a fairly good (but not perfect) list. The files do not contain any QSO data, such as state, CQ zone, Maidenhead Grid Locator, etc. The dta files can be used with CT, WriteLog, TRlog, SD, N1MM Logger, NA, Win-Test, and others

Presents a dedicated online callbook for Romanian amateur radio operators, compiling an extensive database of YO callsigns. It details information sourced from the _Agentia Nationala de Comunicatii_ (ANCOM) and user submissions, including callsigns, names, postal addresses, email contacts, and even photographs. The resource currently lists **10,768** YO callsigns, with **4,987** authorized by ANCOM, offering a centralized lookup for the Romanian amateur radio community. This platform also includes special event callsigns like _YR8D_, acknowledging their importance for QSL information sought by international DXers. It provides categorized lists of YO hams by county, a section for SWLs (radioamatori receptori), and a directory of YO radio clubs and associations. Users can submit updates or corrections via an online form, with validation typically processed quickly, often within minutes, ensuring the database remains current.

The _Egyptian Amateurs Radio Association (E-ARA)_ provides a directory of its members, detailing callsigns such as SU1AL and SU1ER, along with their full names and QSL routing instructions. Each entry typically includes a postal box or street address in cities like Giza, Cairo, and Port Said, facilitating direct QSL card exchange. Specific entries indicate QSL via home call for operators like SU1BH (A71BH) and SU1DZ (9K2DZ), while others, such as SU1MR and SU1SR, route QSLs through SU1ER. The list also contains details for operators with international home calls, including SU2RS, who QSLs via OE6EEG. This resource serves as a basic callbook for the Egyptian amateur radio community, offering essential contact information for local and international hams seeking to confirm contacts or establish communication.

Ham call dot net, Callsign divisions listed by prefix

Demonstrates a practical online tool for locating amateur radio operators by geographic area, specifically using US ZIP codes. This utility allows users to input at least three digits of a desired ZIP code to retrieve a list of active licensees. Search results can be sorted by _call sign_, name, license expiration date, or ZIP code, providing flexibility in data organization. The service offers two primary output formats: direct display in a web browser, which omits address details for privacy, or export to a tab-delimited file, which includes full address information suitable for import into spreadsheet or database applications like _Excel_. This lookup service proves useful for local club organizers seeking to identify potential members within their service area or for hams planning local nets or events. The ability to export data with address details facilitates direct mailings for club newsletters or event announcements, while the browser view maintains privacy for casual lookups. The tool's design prioritizes ease of use, requiring minimal input to generate relevant local amateur radio contact information.

The _Italian VHF Beacons_ resource provides a detailed listing of active and QRT amateur radio beacons operating across VHF, UHF, and SHF bands within Italy. Each entry specifies the beacon's callsign (e.g., IQ1SP/B), operating frequency (e.g., 144.411 MHz), QTH locator (e.g., JN44VC), effective radiated power (ERP) in watts, and antenna configuration (e.g., Big Wheel, 4x Dipole, Yagi). This data is crucial for radio amateurs involved in propagation studies, equipment testing, and long-distance (DX) communication on these higher frequency bands, offering fixed signal sources for monitoring. This compilation, last updated in October 2005, serves as a historical snapshot of Italian beacon activity. For instance, it lists several 144 MHz beacons with ERPs ranging from **0.1W** to **10W**, and higher frequency beacons such as I8EMG/B on 1296.880 MHz and I3EME/B on 24192.132 MHz. The inclusion of QRT (Quiet Radio Teletype) status for many entries indicates the dynamic nature of beacon operations over time. Users can utilize this information to identify potential signal sources for band openings or to calibrate their receiving equipment against known transmissions.

Presents a detailed compilation of **6-meter** voice repeaters operating within the 53-54 MHz segment across Australia (VK) and New Zealand (ZL), providing essential data for local and visiting radio amateurs. Each entry specifies the repeater's output and input frequencies, its assigned callsign (where applicable), the primary service area, current operational status (e.g., operational, under construction, scrapped), and a **Maidenhead grid locator**. The resource also includes the date the repeater was last heard or updated, offering insights into its recent activity. This listing is meticulously maintained by VK2KFJ, who updates entries based on personal observations and confirmed reports from other operators. It serves as a practical reference for hams seeking to utilize the 6-meter band for local communication via repeaters, particularly for those engaged in mobile or portable operations within the specified regions. The data helps operators configure their transceivers correctly for accessing these vital communication hubs. Beyond the repeater details, the page also notes common 6-meter FM voice simplex frequencies, such as the 52.525 MHz international call frequency, and lists historical packet simplex frequencies, though their current operational status is uncertain. This comprehensive approach ensures that operators have a broad overview of 6-meter activity in VK and ZL.

Over 100 amateur radio beacon audio files are presented, offering a direct auditory experience of propagation conditions across a wide spectrum of frequencies, from 1.8 MHz to 47 GHz. These recordings, primarily captured by IW3FZQ and IK3NWX, document signals from beacons such as DK0WCY, IY4M, GB3RAL, and S55ZRS, providing a valuable resource for **propagation study** and **beacon monitoring**. Each entry in the list specifies the beacon's callsign, its operating frequency in kHz, and the recording operator. This compilation includes signals from beacons located in various grid squares like JN55VF, JO44VQ, and IO91IN, illustrating diverse geographical origins. The frequencies covered span the 160m, 80m, 40m, 30m, 20m, 17m, 15m, 12m, 10m, 6m, 4m, 2m, 70cm, 23cm, 6cm, 3cm, 1.2cm, and 6mm amateur bands. Users can listen to these recordings to identify characteristic beacon tones and observe signal strength variations. The resource also invites other radio amateurs to contribute their own beacon audio files, fostering a collaborative archive of propagation data. The last update to this collection was on March 24, 2009, indicating a historical snapshot of beacon activity. Accessing the files requires the Real Player software.

HB9BZA's LoTW users list, originally compiled since 2005 from DX-Cluster and user submissions, now primarily leverages the official ARRL full users list released on July 29th, 2017. This resource details 228,012 calls across 340 current DXCC entities, with the latest update noted on March 2, 2026. It offers various formats, including a full list, text versions, and breakdowns by country, providing valuable insights into LoTW participation for DXers. While the ARRL's official list with "last upload" dates diminished the original list's unique utility, HB9BZA's site continues to offer statistics and user counts by country, which remain of interest. The author, HB9BZA, expresses gratitude to contributors who helped maintain the list's accuracy over many years, achieving an impressive 96.4% match with the ARRL's data before the official release. Knowing which stations are LoTW active encourages more hams to join the system, demonstrating that even rare DXCC entities like Ducie Island or Heard Island can be confirmed quickly. For instance, HB9BZA recounts a 36-minute QSL confirmation for a 3A2MW contact. The list also integrates with the RXCLUS packet radio/telnet client, enhancing DXCC award tracking by identifying LoTW participants and utilizing upload dates for alarms.

The QRV.DK platform offers a dedicated **QRZ callsign search engine** specifically tailored for Danish amateur radio operators. It enables users to look up callsigns and ascertain their **Logbook of The World (LoTW)** status, a critical feature for DXers and contesters seeking QSL confirmations. The search functionality facilitates rapid access to operator details within the Danish amateur radio community, streamlining contact verification processes. Beyond callsign lookups, the resource includes a comprehensive repeater list for Denmark, providing essential information for local and regional VHF/UHF operations. This feature supports mobile and portable stations in locating active repeaters, enhancing communication reliability across various bands. The site also curates a collection of ham radio links, serving as a centralized hub for related amateur radio resources.

Accessing this interface provides entry to one of the largest databases for amateur radio voice repeaters, encompassing over 8000 entries from more than 60 countries. The resource supports both desktop and mobile access, with a default display based on browser type, or forced via a "force" parameter (e.g., relais.dl3el.de?force=mobile). Users input a QTH-locator to find local repeater information. The database integrates FM-Funknetz servers and hotspots, potentially creating duplicate entries but ensuring new FM-Funknetz repeaters are immediately displayed. DMR repeater information, including status and talkgroup configurations, is sourced directly from DMR+ / ircDDB and Brandmeister systems, with real-time updates for active and default talkgroups. C4FM/Wires-X installations, particularly MMDVM-based gateways not listed in Yaesu's database, are identified through Brandmeister dashboard descriptions, marked with "W-x" or "W-x#MMDVM" for manual entries. D-Star repeater data from ircddb or QuadNet2 is also incorporated, with entries marked (i), (o), or (d) for manual additions. An APRS interface allows searching by callsign, using Sassan, DL3NCK's database, and offers a mobile-friendly, auto-refreshing display that follows an APRS station. Output data can be generated in GPX format for offline smartphone maps or CSV for spreadsheet applications. The database also attempts to determine valid repeater offsets based on IARU region and frequency, indicated by a "." after the frequency.

For radio amateurs seeking to verify contacts or identify stations from Tajikistan, the _Tajikistan EY Callbook_ serves as a dedicated online resource. This callbook, compiled and maintained by Irage M. Tursoon-Zadeh, _EY8WW_, offers a focused database of callsigns within the EY prefix region. It provides a practical utility for DXers and contesters aiming to confirm QSLs or prepare for operations involving stations in this specific geographic area, streamlining the process of identifying active hams. The resource's utility is particularly evident for those engaged in award programs like _DXCC_ or _WAZ_ where accurate callsign verification is crucial for credit. Unlike broader, worldwide callbooks, this specialized listing ensures high relevance and accuracy for its target region, reflecting the local expertise of EY8WW. Its direct focus on Tajikistan makes it a valuable, albeit niche, tool for operators with specific interest in Central Asian DX.

The _Nomenclature Française_ offers an online callbook service specifically for French amateur radio operators and SWLs. This resource facilitates searching for stations by various criteria, including callsign, operator name, city, and postal code. Search results typically display the operator's identity, full address, email contact, and personal website link, if available and publicly listed. The platform serves as a central database for the French amateur radio community, maintained by the _REF Union_. It provides a direct mechanism for operators to request modifications or new insertions of their data into the online nomenclature, ensuring current and accurate listings. The service is a fundamental tool for QSLing, locating fellow hams, and verifying contact information within France. Authored by _F6BIG_, the callbook is a key utility for French hams.

The MMMonVHF database, curated by DL8EBW, currently lists 63,455 entries for VHF operators, providing a searchable resource for locating stations active on 144 MHz and higher bands. Operators can register their callsigns to be included, with specific criteria such as participation in _MS_ (Meteor Scatter), _WSJT_ modes, or _EME_ (Earth-Moon-Earth) operations required for inclusion in the `call3.txt` file. This resource facilitates VHF DX expeditions and contest planning by allowing users to identify potential contacts within a geographical area. The database supports various VHF/UHF operating modes, including those focused on weak signal propagation. Statistical data regarding the database entries is also presented, offering insights into the distribution of registered VHF activity.

The CQ World Wide DX Contest records page details the highest scores achieved in the CQ WW DX Contest across various categories and years. It systematically lists records for both SSB and CW modes, segmenting results by entry class such as Multi-Multi, Multi-Two, Multi-Single High, Multi-Single Low, Single Operator High Power, Single Operator Low Power, Single Operator QRP, Single Operator Assisted High, Single Operator Assisted Low, and Single Operator Assisted QRP. Each record entry specifies the callsign, the operator's callsign in parentheses if different, the year of operation, and the total score achieved. The data is further broken down by individual amateur radio bands, including 160m, 80m, 40m, 20m, 15m, and 10m, allowing for granular analysis of performance within specific frequency segments. The page also includes records for the "ALL" band category, representing cumulative scores across all operational bands. The presented records span from 1948 to 2025, providing a historical perspective on contest performance. This resource also references other CQ contests like CQ WPX, CQ WW RTTY, CQ WPX RTTY, CQ 160, CQ VHF, and WW DIGI, indicating a broader context of contest record keeping. It explicitly states that late logs are not included in the records, ensuring data integrity. The page is maintained by the World Wide Radio Operators Foundation, Inc.

The W0IS resource outlines methods for finding historical US amateur radio call signs, particularly for genealogical research. It highlights the comprehensive collection of digitized call books from 1906-1996 available at leehite.org, stored as searchable PDF files. These resources significantly simplify what was previously a laborious manual search through physical call books, which were typically indexed by call sign rather than name. The guide details specific search techniques for various eras. For early radio days (1913-1923), government call books are readily available and searchable online via Google Books and hathitrust.org. For the period between the 1930s and 1980s, when private publishers like "Radio Amateur Call Book Magazine" dominated, the resource points to archive.org for scanned editions (1938, 1940, 1948, 1972) that support full-text OCR searches, despite potential scanning errors requiring flexible search terms. It also provides strategies for navigating Google Books' "snippet view" for the 1952 call book, including searching by name or address and interpreting often illegible snippets. The resource suggests cross-referencing findings with hamcall.net for call sign verification from 1921, 1954, 1960, 1969, and 1983 onwards. Additionally, it lists physical call book collections at institutions like the Pavek Museum of Broadcasting and individuals like W3HF, offering avenues for deeper research when digital methods fall short.

The P4 Aruba Callbook, last updated in 2010, serves as a directory for amateur radio operators active from the Caribbean island of Aruba. It meticulously categorizes P4 callsigns into several types: **P41-** for special resident calls valid for one month, **P43-** for permanent resident calls renewable annually, **P49-** for permanent visitor calls also renewable annually, and **P40-** for temporary visitor calls valid for one month, often used in contests. The resource notes that obtaining a permanent visitor callsign requires passing a local examination. The callbook lists numerous specific callsigns, including their QSL routes, operator names, and sometimes addresses or activation dates. For instance, P41A routes via P43A, and P40HQ was used by P43ARC via I2MQP for IARU contests. The entries include both active and Silent Key (SK) operators, with dates of passing where known, such as P43ADA (SK, Sep 2014) and P43JB (SK Jan 2012). This detailed listing assists DXers and contesters in verifying contacts and ensuring proper QSLing for Aruba operations.

Over 100 currently valid callsigns for the Bailiwick of Guernsey are listed, encompassing full, intermediate, and foundation licenses, alongside special event and club station calls. The resource clarifies various callsign types, such as 2U0*** for intermediate licensees with a 50-watt limit and GU0*** for full licensees operating up to **400 watts**. This detailed compilation also includes specific QSL routing instructions for visiting operators and past residents, often referencing their home callsigns like _G4DIY_ or _DJ8NK_. The callbook further acknowledges "silent keys," providing a respectful record of former Guernsey amateurs, complete with their callsigns and dates of passing where available. It also lists local repeaters and provides important QSL bureau information, noting that only US dollar bills are accepted for direct QSLs, not English stamps or Euros. For full addresses, the resource directs users to _QRZ.com_, emphasizing that the provided information is offered in good faith.

Presents an online callbook specifically for amateur radio operators within Serbia, offering a searchable database of YU callsigns. The resource allows users to query individual callsigns to retrieve associated station information, including operator details and licensing status. It also features a complete list of callsigns registered with the Amateur Radio Union of Serbia, providing a comprehensive directory for the region. The platform includes statistical summaries related to Serbian amateur radio, such as the total number of active licenses and distribution patterns. It displays the last modification date for the underlying data, indicating the currency of the information provided. The web interface is version 1.1.7, developed by YT9TP, ensuring a consistent user experience for accessing Serbian amateur radio data.

All Satellites Frequency List Update. A complete list of satellite frequencies available in several formats, including info on Satellite Uplink and Downlink frequencies Beacon, operative Mode, Callsign and Weather sat functionality.

VK-DMR Monitor and Alert is a Windows desktop application that scans the content of the Monitor page on the VK DMR (IPSC2-VKDMR) repeater website for any callsigns from a user-definable list.

For amateur radio operators seeking a clutter-free, near real-time visualization of propagation reports, Spotty emerges as a highly efficient web application. By leveraging the robust data of Philip Gladstone’s pskreporter.info combined with the speed of an MQTT broker provided by Tom Fanning (M0LTE), the app delivers a responsive and modern monitoring experience. Visualizing the Airwaves The core experience centers on the Map View. Upon loading, users are greeted with a default visualization (grid AA00 / callsign MY8CALL), but the interface quickly proves its worth once customized. The application uses a clever visual hierarchy to distinguish signal types: - Small spots indicate signals heard by a specific location. - Large spots represent transmissions from a location. - Teardrop markers specifically highlight transmissions from the monitored callsign. This distinction allows operators to instantly differentiate between their own reach and incoming reception. The interactivity is intuitive; clicking a spot reveals an overlay with detailed signal data, which can be dismissed just as easily. Customization and Control Spotty balances simplicity with necessary depth. For those who prefer raw data over geography, the Log View provides a scrolling list of spots. However, the Settings tab is where the utility shines. Users can filter tracking by specific Callsign or Grid, and importantly, these preferences are saved directly to the browser for future sessions. A standout feature is the Time to Live (TTL) setting. While the default is 60 seconds, users can adjust how long a spot remains visible. This is crucial for high-traffic contests or busy bands, allowing the user to prevent the map from becoming overwhelmingly cluttered. Verdict Spotty is a fantastic utility for the digital shack. By combining fast MQTT data delivery with a clean, logic-driven interface, it offers ham radio operators a clear window into where their signals are going—and who is hearing them—in real-time.

Discover how to easily listen to amateur radio bands with insights from Frank SWL, an experienced radio enthusiast. This guide covers essential tips for tuning into frequencies between 10 meters and 160 meters using modern tools like Web SDR and Kiwi SDR. Learn about identifying callsigns, understanding Q codes, and optimizing your antenna setup for better reception. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced listener, this article provides practical advice for enhancing your radio listening experience in 2025.

FISTS Log Converter simplifies various tasks for amateur radio operators. It aids in tracking FISTS Awards, submitting applications, and creating logs for FISTS Activities in Europe like the Ladder and EuCW Snakes & Ladders. Users can generate callsign checklists and import logs from existing logging programs via ADIF files. Available as freeware, it runs on Windows 2000 and later versions

Over 200 distinct 2-meter band amateur radio repeaters are cataloged for Australia, providing essential operational data for VHF communication. Each entry specifies the repeater's output frequency, often including the input tone (e.g., **91.5 Hz** or **123.0 Hz** CTCSS) and the repeater's callsign (e.g., _VK2RSC_, _VK3RHF_). Locations are precisely noted, frequently referencing specific towns, mountains, or geographical features such as "Kinglake, Kangaroo Ground" or "Adaminaby, Mars Hill." The resource also indicates various digital modes and linking capabilities where applicable, such as "FMEchoLinkFusionWIRES-X" or "DMR," alongside standard FM operation. This detailed listing facilitates local and regional VHF communication, enabling hams to program their transceivers accurately for repeater access. The data is presented in a clear, tabular format, making it straightforward to identify repeaters by frequency and location.

The W6PQL 23cm Beacon Project describes a **1296 MHz** beacon designed for microwave propagation studies and equipment testing, capable of 30 watts output. It utilizes a PIC 16F628A microcontroller to generate CW and FSK keying for a crystal oscillator, followed by a series of frequency doublers and triplers to reach the target frequency. The final power amplification stage employs a Mitsubishi M57762 module, providing a robust 10-watt RF output. The design emphasizes stability and reliability for continuous operation, with the microcontroller code, written in assembly, provided for customization of the beacon's callsign and message. Originally located in CM97am and aimed at 140 true, the beacon used four 4-foot Yagis stacked vertically for a total ERP of 3kW. The article includes schematics, parts lists, and construction notes to guide builders, along with antenna pattern measurements. Although the beacon itself is no longer in service as of August 2010, the detailed documentation remains a valuable reference for amateur radio operators interested in building similar **microwave** projects or understanding beacon operation.