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Operating within the low-frequency spectrum, transformers serve critical roles in antenna systems, particularly for 160m applications. The resource details the construction and performance of 1:1 transformers built on BN-73-202 cores, emphasizing their use as hybrid combiners or phase inverters for RX antenna arrays. Measurements reveal that these transformers exhibit minimal losses, around 0.12 dB at 1.8 MHz, with variations based on wire type and number of turns. The analysis includes comparative data on transformer performance, highlighting the impact of different winding techniques on frequency response. Notably, the use of coaxial cable for winding improves bandwidth while maintaining low-frequency efficiency. The resource also discusses braid breaker transformers, which minimize inter-winding capacitance, achieving low losses around 0.21 dB at 1.8 MHz. These insights are crucial for optimizing low-band antenna systems, allowing operators to make informed decisions regarding transformer design and implementation.

80m Inverted-L Antenna, Base-loaded for 160m antenna. This antenna is not a good DX antenna however within small garden where true DX antennas would be impossible it has performed very well.

Steve Nichols, G0KYA, presents a practical examination of ground systems for vertical antennas, drawing heavily on the empirical research of Rudy Severns, N6LF. He explains that a robust radial field is crucial for ground-dependent verticals, effectively replacing the antenna's "missing half" and mitigating severe RF absorption in lossy soil. Nichols clarifies that surface radials do not strictly require a quarter-wavelength; instead, deploying a minimum of 16 to 32 shorter wires often yields superior results compared to fewer, longer ones. The presentation also addresses the common SWR paradox: a poor ground might show a perfect 1:1 match, but adding radials, while potentially raising the SWR to around 1.4:1, significantly improves true radiation efficiency. Nichols defines counterpoises as elevated wire networks that substitute for earth connections, offering solutions for limited-space installations, such as the **Folded Counterpoise (FCP)** for 160 meters. This resource provides actionable engineering data for optimizing vertical antenna performance.

This antenna is designed for 40, 80 and 160 meters to complement a tri-band beam normally taken on DX peditions for 10, 15 and 20 meters, so six bands can be worked with only two antennas.

Operating from Banana Island, Sierra Leone (AF-037), the 9L2019 DXpedition by F6KOP and a ten-operator team used the callsign 9LY1JM from January 9-21, 2019. This detailed report covers the logistical challenges, including securing visas and licenses with local assistance from Mark 9L1YXJ and Gregory of Dalton’s Guest House. The team deployed monoband quarter-wave verticals on the beach and two Beverage on Ground (BOG) antennas for Europe/Asia and the USA, operating four stations simultaneously. Technical hurdles encountered included high tides submerging antennas, requiring repositioning, and persistent QRM between closely spaced stations, mitigated by doubling filters. CW signal irregularities at 30-32 WPM were resolved by PC and WINTEST restarts. A significant FT8 logging bug was identified and corrected with on-site software. Despite these issues, the team logged over 4,000 QSOs in the first 24 hours, averaging 5,000 QSOs daily, with a peak of over 6,000 in one day. Propagation varied, with excellent 160m conditions on January 12 yielding over 750 QSOs, and a later four-hour opening pushing the 160m total past 1,600. High bands were challenging due to low solar activity, but mid-bands provided intense pileups and rapid continent-wide contacts. The DXpedition concluded with nearly 50,000 QSOs, including a successful school QSO with Collège Doisneau de Sarralbe (57), managed by F1ULQ and F6KFT.

This study details a reception comparison between vertical and horizontal active loop antennas, specifically two identical _Wellgood active loop antennas_, on various HF bands. The experiment, conducted in a densely populated QRM-prone area, monitored FT8 signals over a 24-hour period using two identical receivers. The methodology involved direct comparison of signal reception across the HF spectrum, aiming to identify performance differences based on antenna orientation. The results indicate that vertical loops demonstrated superior performance on higher bands (10m, 15m, 20m), while horizontal loops excelled on lower bands (30m, 40m, 160m), particularly for receiving long-distance (DX) signals. The horizontal loop's advantage on lower bands is attributed to potentially better low-angle performance and reduced sensitivity to man-made noise, yielding a **2-3 S-unit** improvement on 160m. The study provides practical insights for optimizing antenna placement in challenging urban environments, noting that the horizontal loop consistently showed a **10-15 dB** signal-to-noise ratio improvement on lower bands.

Discover the best low band receive antennas for hams with limited space. Learn about the K9AY loop antenna and Shared Apex Loop Array, two alternatives to the traditional Beverage antenna. Understand the concept of Relative Directivity Factor (RDF) and compare the performance of different receive antennas. See how the Shared Apex Loop, patented by Mark Bauman (KB7GF), offers an RDF between 8 and 10dB. Find out how to optimize antenna performance and enhance your receive capabilities on 160, 80, and 40 meters. Explore the world of low band receive antennas with insights from WB5NHL Ham Radio.

From March 2 to March 11, 2018, a Norwegian team operated as Z2LA from Zimbabwe, focusing on 160m through 10m bands using SSB and CW modes. The operation, described as "holiday style," aimed to provide contacts for DXers worldwide seeking a rare DXCC entity. Key equipment included a SUNSDR PRO II, an Elecraft KX3, and an Icom 706 MK2G as a spare radio, supported by two Juma 1000 amplifiers for robust signal output across the bands. Antenna systems were tailored for multi-band operation, featuring an Inv L for 160m and 80m, sloping dipoles for 30m/40m, and a _Hexbeam_ from SP7IDX Technology covering 20m to 10m. For improved reception, the team deployed a SAL 30, two reversible BEV antennas from remoteqth.com, and a BOG from K1FZ, enhancing their ability to hear weak signals. QSL information directs operators to Clublog for log search and M0OXO Charles for OQRS, explicitly requesting no bureau cards. The team comprised LA7THA Rune, LA7WCA Arne, and LA9VPA Thor, successfully making numerous contacts and contributing to the DX community's pursuit of _Zimbabwe_ as a DXCC entity.

WB5NHL describes setting up a 160-meter antenna on a small suburban lot, where standard options like Beverage antennas and 1/4 wavelength verticals require extensive space and ground systems. Instead, Guy Olinger's Folded Counterpoise (FCP) provides a solution. The FCP minimizes ground losses by using a folded wire design, allowing effective antenna placement in limited space. The FCP, fed with an isolation transformer, enabled WB5NHL's first 160-meter antenna installation, offering improved performance despite space constraints.

Integrating a _Software Defined Radio_ (SDR) into an existing ham radio setup involves connecting it with a standard transceiver (TRX), power amplifier (PA), and antennas. The core component is a splitter box that facilitates the connection between the TRX and the SDR, allowing for simultaneous operation without modifying existing equipment. In receive mode, the splitter ties the antenna inputs of both the TRX and a direct conversion receiver (DC RX) together. During transmission, the DC RX input is grounded via a fast telecom relay controlled by the transceiver's -SEND signal, incorporating a 10ms delay for safety. The splitter box includes a 3.7 dB input attenuator for impedance matching and acts as a protective fuse for the DC RX input. Ground loops are mitigated using common mode balun transformers, while the DC RX input is insulated with a broadband transformer. An audio switch box complements the setup, enabling users to listen to either the main transceiver, the SDR output, or both simultaneously. This configuration ensures noise immunity and safety, with the splitter housed in a screened box made from PCB material. On-air tests, such as the CQ WW 160m CW DX Contest, demonstrate the system's effectiveness, showcasing the SDR's ability to handle crowded band conditions with superior selectivity and dynamic range. The SDR's narrow bandwidth filters and waterfall display provide significant advantages, allowing operators to detect weak signals amidst strong interference. The integration of SDR with conventional radios offers enhanced operational flexibility and performance in challenging environments.

The TY0RU DXpedition to Benin in 2022 achieved over **100,000 QSOs** from Cotonou, IOTA AF-051, operating across 160m through 6m bands using CW, SSB, and FT8 modes. The operation involved a team of 12 operators, including _F5RAV_, _F4WBN_, and _F1TCV_, utilizing multiple stations with transceivers like the Icom IC-7300 and IC-7610, paired with amplifiers and various antennas such as verticals, dipoles, and a 4-square array for 40m. The expedition's log is available on Club Log, supporting OQRS for both direct and bureau QSLs, with F5RAV serving as the QSL manager. The site details the team's travel, setup, and operational challenges, including local conditions and equipment deployment, offering insights into the logistical complexities of activating a rare DXCC entity. Donors are acknowledged, and a photo gallery documents the activity.

This resource presents a non-rigorous evaluation of the front-to-back (F/B) ratio of short Beverage antennas, specifically designed for low-band operation on frequencies such as 160, 80, 40, and 30 meters. The author, VE1ZAC, details the methodology used to measure the F/B ratio, which involves using a Millen Grid Dip Oscillator as a portable signal source. Measurements were taken by switching the antenna direction and recording S Meter and preamp readings to derive gain numbers. The document discusses the challenges faced in achieving accurate measurements and the assumptions made during the process, such as the calibration of S Meter units at 6 dB. This evaluation is particularly relevant for amateur radio operators interested in antenna performance on low bands.

Details the construction and performance of a phase-controlled receiving array, specifically a **MicroSWA** variant, optimized for QRP low band fox hunting on 40M and 80M. The resource documents the author's iterative design process, addressing significant regional noise challenges encountered during 0100-0230 UTC fox hunt periods. Initial experiments involved a director wire on a 40M vertical, yielding limited improvement, prompting a shift towards advanced null-steering techniques. The project leverages concepts from Victor Misek’s "The Beverage Antenna Handbook" and Dallas Lankford’s extensive work on phased receiving antennas for urban lots. A key modification involved integrating a new passive phase control box and a push-pull **Norton common base preamp** using 2N5109 transistors, designed for high third-order intercept performance to maintain weak signal integrity amidst strong adjacent signals. The system incorporates Faraday-shielded transformers with RG174 primaries on -75 ferrite cores, housed in ABS plastic pipe. Performance tests confirmed the MicroSWA's ability to produce deep, steerable nulls, achieving approximately 30 dB noise reduction on 160M, 80M, and 40M. This enabled detection of QRP signals undetectable on conventional transmit antennas. The final unit includes front panel controls, a 10-11 dB preamp, and a robust power conditioner, demonstrating effective noise mitigation for challenging low band QRP operations.

Demonstrates the construction of an active loop converter specifically designed for the Low Frequency (LF) bands, addressing common localized noise interference in LF reception. The design integrates a sharply tuned circuit and a tuned loop antenna, utilizing the loop as the sole tuned inductive element. By applying positive feedback, the converter significantly increases the loop's effective Q, achieving factors between 1000 and 2000, which sharpens tuning and reduces noise. The circuit employs an _NE602_ mixer stage, feeding its output to an HF receiver, with a crystal-locked local oscillator at 4 MHz. A 20-turn, 0.8-meter square loop antenna with 500 uH inductance is detailed, connected via 2 meters of figure 8 flex cable. The converter offers three selectable frequency bands: 195-490 kHz, 150-220 kHz (including the New Zealand amateur band), and 128-160 kHz (covering the European amateur band). Performance measurements indicate an effective 3dB bandwidth of approximately 100 to 200 hertz at 200 kHz. The article provides insights into component selection, including an _LF353_ op-amp and a trifilar wound transformer on a ferrite core. Sensitivity figures are presented, showing 7.5 uV of converted output per 1 uV/meter signal strength into a 50-ohm load, or 37.5 uV into an _FRG7_ receiver, highlighting its capability to extract weak signals from noise.