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Presents the official online presence for Yaesu, a prominent manufacturer of radio communication equipment. The site details their extensive product lines, encompassing amateur radio transceivers, antenna rotators, tuners, amplifiers, and various accessories like microphones, speakers, and power supplies. It functions as a central hub for product information, specifications, and support resources. The resource categorizes its offerings across several key areas, including **Digital Mobile Radio (DMR)** solutions, HF/VHF/UHF transceivers, and specialized receivers and scanners. Each product section typically includes model numbers, feature highlights, and often links to manuals or technical documentation, providing hams with essential data for equipment selection and operation. Beyond amateur radio, the site also covers Yaesu's contributions to aviation and marine radio sectors, illustrating the company's broader scope in wireless communication technology. It serves as a direct portal for accessing manufacturer-provided details, ensuring accuracy and currency for those researching Yaesu gear.

Presents _Henry Radio Inc._ as a manufacturer of solid-state RF power amplifiers, detailing their capabilities across HF, VHF, and UHF bands. The company designs and builds custom amplifiers tailored for various applications, including amateur radio, commercial broadcasting, military, scientific, and industrial uses. These amplifiers are manufactured in the USA, emphasizing domestic production. Beyond amplifier manufacturing, the resource highlights Henry Radio's role as a distributor for _Bird RF Test Equipment_, including wattmeters, dummy loads, and attenuators. It also mentions _Tohtsu Coaxial Relays_ and a range of miscellaneous amplifier parts and electronic accessories, providing a broader scope of communication equipment offerings. Additionally, the site describes a trunking two-way radio system operating on the 450-476 MHz band, covering significant portions of Los Angeles and Orange County. This service caters to professional dispatch needs for ambulances, taxis, and other commercial entities, requiring no long-term contracts.

Amateur radio operators often seek reliable equipment for various modes and bands, from QRP operations to high-power DXing. Historically, Ten-Tec has been a notable manufacturer in the amateur radio market, known for its range of products including HF and VHF transceivers, RF amplifiers, and antenna analyzers. Their product line also encompassed specialized items such as QRP transceivers and kits, catering to enthusiasts of low-power communication, and antenna tuners for impedance matching. The company's offerings included test equipment vital for shack setup and maintenance, like SWR meters and RF analyzers, which assist in optimizing antenna systems and ensuring efficient power transfer. Additionally, Ten-Tec provided various accessories and components, supporting both commercial products and homebrew projects. The brand was recognized for its _made in the USA_ manufacturing, appealing to operators who prioritize domestic production. While the website currently displays limited product information, it mentions upcoming items like the _MODEL 594 PHOENIX_ and the _Tune-A-Tenna_, indicating potential future product releases.

A 144 MHz kilowatt amplifier project details the construction and performance of a high-power VHF linear using the GU74b tetrode. This Russian tube, equivalent to the Svetlana 4CX800, is noted for its conservative datasheet ratings, performing closer to 800-1000W anode dissipation in practical applications. The design prioritizes compactness and achieves 1.2 kW output with only 20W of drive power, demonstrating a 70% efficiency at 2.5 kV plate voltage. The amplifier has been successfully deployed in demanding _EME_ (Earth-Moon-Earth) operations since June 1994. Challenges encountered during development included achieving stability with a grid-1 input configuration. The author, _CT1DMK_, opted not to publish the full design due to its complexity, suggesting it might be difficult for less experienced builders to replicate successfully. However, he invites direct contact for those with specific interest in the design. Future plans include a "144MHz GS35b compact amplifier" project, promising another kilowatt-plus design. This resource offers insights into high-power VHF amplifier construction and the practical application of specific power tubes.

Presents a crystal-controlled CW transmitter design for the 40-meter band, delivering 5 to 7.5 watts output power. The circuit innovatively employs an _IRF510_ power MOSFET in the final amplifier stage, diverging from conventional bipolar transistors. This design offers high gain, nearly 90% efficiency, and robust resistance to high SWR, allowing 30-second key-down operation into an open circuit without damage. A critical aspect is the precise adjustment of the MOSFET gate bias via a 10K trimmer pot, _R10_, to maintain quiescent current between 5 and 10 mA, preventing thermal runaway inherent to bipolar devices. The prototype was constructed on a _Radio Shack universal board_ and achieved immediate operational success. The design requires a 15-volt Zener diode to protect the MOSFET gate from overvoltage. Component sourcing information is provided, including specific crystal frequencies (7.040 MHz or 7.122 MHz) available from _Dan’s Small Parts & Kits_ or Doug Hendricks. The fixed frequency can be slightly adjusted with a trimmer capacitor. A complete bill of materials, including resistor values, capacitor types, toroid specifications, and transistor part numbers, is detailed, alongside a clear schematic diagram.

The article details antenna tuning procedures, emphasizing SWR measurement and adjustment for both mobile and base station setups. It explains that SWR (Standing Wave Ratio) is the ratio of transmitted power to reflected power, with high SWR indicating poor impedance match and potential damage to a transceiver's final amplifier. Specific instructions are provided for CB antennas operating between 26-27 MHz, recommending initial SWR checks on channels 1, 20, and 40 to determine if the whip needs shortening or lengthening. Adjustments should be made in small increments, approximately 1/4 inch at a time, aiming for an SWR of 1.5:1 or better. For _Ham radio_ and other antennas, the same tuning principles apply, with a strong caution regarding RF energy exposure when operating at higher power levels. The resource suggests tuning base antennas at ground or roof level before final installation to simplify adjustments. It also advises rechecking SWR after final installation to confirm no changes occurred. The _Alpha Rubicon_ resource highlights the importance of a good ground plane for mobile antennas and proper coax routing to avoid pinching or proximity to electrical wires.

Well documented Amateur Radio HF/VHF antenna projects, high power Russian GS35B RF amplifiers, mobile RFI solutions, related accessories, vintage radios, Six meter equipment, and useful techniques by K8CU are inside.

144 and 432 Mhz GS35b High Power Amplifier

Comtech PST offers solid-state power amplifiers in frequency ranges from 1 MHz through 3.6 GHz, with output power levels ranging from 5 watts to over 30 kW

We offer a large selection of standard and custom High Power RF and Microwave amplifiers for broadband, general communication, matched band, and personal communication markets.

SDR Receiver a compact high performance HF software defined radio receiver designed to be used in fixed or portable stations. Version 2 of the receiver is now available. It now has an RF pre-amplifier using a power MOSFET and other revisions to improve it's performance both as a stand alone receiver and as an IF panadaptor with HF and VHF transceivers.

The Discovery series of amplifiers are designed and built in the UK by Linear Amp UK Ltd, one of the world's leading amplifier manufacturers, specializing in high power RF tube amplifiers. The amplifiers use large GS31 or GS35 ceramic triode tubes. Band coverage 6m, 2m and 70 cms

High-power 3-500 HF linear amplifier by Don Pinnock G3HVA

The I0JXX is an italian company that offers market their projects, also sells electronic products of high quality, both for Ham, both Broadcast and their accessories. VHF Antennas, mosfet power amplifiers, filters, insulators, power dividers, telescopic poles, antenna masts

Communication Concepts, Inc. specializes in providing RF components for both amateur radio operators building their own gear and professionals prototyping circuit designs. The inventory includes a range of products such as HF and VHF amplifiers, splitter combiners, and various filters, catering to diverse applications from QRP to high-power systems. The site details specific components like _Freescale_ and _Motorola_ RF transistors, along with custom semi-rigid coaxial cable options. The offerings extend to parts for ATV, packet radio, and general electronic components, emphasizing quality and service since 1979. Customers can find items like low-pass filters for RFI/TVI mitigation and specialized transformers for RF power systems, covering frequencies from 2-30 MHz Type "H" to 1-80 MHz high-power applications. The resource highlights its role as a supplier for those constructing custom radio equipment, offering components that facilitate projects from basic radio kits to advanced amplifier designs, with a focus on enabling self-construction and cost-effective prototyping.

Terrasat Communications specializes in advanced RF technology for satellite communication, focusing on _Intelligent Block Up Converters_ (IBUCs) and Solid State Power Amplifiers (SSPAs). These products are engineered to enhance satellite link performance, offering features like extended frequency ranges and high power efficiency. The IBUC series, for instance, integrates a BUC with an SSPA, enabling operators to install, configure, and monitor units for both commercial and military satellite applications, ensuring reliable, high-performance connectivity worldwide. The company's offerings support various satellite bands, including C, X, Ku, and Ka, providing solutions for diverse operational requirements. Their technology is designed for robust field performance, with products like the _IBUC2_ and _IBUCG_ models demonstrating the integration of advanced diagnostics and control capabilities, which are crucial for maintaining optimal signal integrity in demanding environments. Terrasat's focus on _SSPA_ technology underscores a commitment to power efficiency and compact design.

Presents the official service manual for the **Kenwood TL-922** and **TL-922A** HF linear amplifiers, offering comprehensive technical documentation essential for maintenance and repair. This resource includes detailed circuit diagrams, block diagrams, parts lists, and alignment procedures for optimal performance. It covers critical sections such as the high-voltage power supply, RF deck, and control circuitry, providing specific values for components and test points. Operators and technicians utilize this manual to troubleshoot common issues, perform routine adjustments, and understand the intricate design of these classic tube-based amplifiers. It outlines steps for bias adjustments, neutralization, and power output calibration, ensuring the amplifier operates within specifications across the 160-10 meter amateur bands. The document also details safety precautions for working with high voltages present in the amplifier.

HD Communications Corp specializes in **RF and microwave amplifiers** engineered for demanding communication, defense, and industrial applications. Their product line includes precision-built, high-power solutions, along with RF connectors, filters, HF cables, and various accessories. The company also supplies tower hardware, valves, and tubes, catering to a broad spectrum of radio frequency infrastructure needs. Beyond amplifiers, HD Communications offers a range of **RF filters**, including low-pass filters, antenna filters, and solutions for RFI/TVI mitigation. Their inventory encompasses essential components like coaxial cable and various connector types, supporting both amateur radio and professional installations. The company operates as a manufacturer and vendor, providing direct sales of its specialized RF products.

High Voltage Supply for GS 35B Amplifier

High Power RF Amplifiers by Delta Sigma, Inc

The Collins TRC-75 autotune linear amplifier, owned by JF2SVU, is presented with a focus on its internal modifications. This QRO amplifier utilizes three 4CX250 tubes in parallel for its final stage, delivering 1 KW output power. Notably, the amplifier achieves full power with only 100 mW of RF input, a characteristic often associated with Collins designs. The original 400 Hz power supply has been converted for easier shack integration, and the entire RF and power supply sections have been rehoused into a compact, clean enclosure. The control unit, positioned above the amplifier, features three meters for individual vacuum tube IP monitoring and a multi-meter on the right. A dedicated 7 MHz receiver, recently completed, is also part of this integrated system. The autotune functionality means the main amplifier unit only requires connections for power, control, and coaxial cables, simplifying its operation. Key components like the 4CX250 tubes and NF capacitors are visible, along with the gearing mechanism for the final tank circuit. A timer and relay system manages high-voltage delay and cooling fan off-delay, although the cooling fan's airflow is noted as somewhat insufficient. A central volume control, which experienced a contact issue, is also highlighted.

SM5BSZ article on building VHF RF amplifiers

RFAC Solutions specializes in providing a range of RF components, including various connector types, cable assemblies, attenuators, and filters. Their product line features common connector standards such as SMA, BNC, TNC, N-Type, MCX, and MMCX, essential for reliable RF signal paths in amateur radio and commercial applications. The company also offers high-power VHF amplifiers, catering to needs for signal boosting in specific frequency ranges. Their offerings extend to dust caps and adapters, which are crucial for maintaining the integrity and versatility of RF systems. The focus on supplying components from South Korea suggests a commitment to specific manufacturing standards and supply chain practices. This resource details a vendor's product scope, useful for hams sourcing specific parts for shack builds or antenna projects. Jeff is listed as a contact for inquiries.

A comeplete home made 600W LDMOS RF power amplifier. Settings can be made on a 7-inch touch screen, and on this screen you can see a lot of useful information during operation, such as output power, temperature, SWR, and so on. The power amplifier includes 2 MRF300 LDMOS FETs and several built-in sensors. The amplifier also contains several types of protection functions like too high current, too high swr, too high temperature, etc.

Showcasing a specialized product line, Advanced Receiver Research presents a comprehensive catalog of **low noise preamplifiers** and microwave **Gunnplexers**. The offerings span a broad spectrum of radio frequencies, from VLF, LF, MF, and HF bands up through VHF, UHF, and microwave, catering to diverse applications including amateur radio, commercial installations, and military systems. Their product range includes mast-mount preamplifiers, inline attenuators, power dividers, and various coaxial components. My own experience with similar low-noise front ends for weak-signal work on 2 meters and 70 centimeters underscores the critical role such components play in maximizing receiver sensitivity, especially when chasing distant DX or engaging in EME. The detailed product descriptions and technical specifications provided on the site allow operators to select the optimal preamplifier for their specific band and noise figure requirements, essential for improving signal-to-noise ratio. The site also lists specialized products for unique applications like Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Studio Transmitter Links (STL), demonstrating a depth of engineering capability beyond typical amateur radio fare. This breadth of offerings, coupled with clear ordering and warranty information, positions Advanced Receiver Research as a key supplier for high-performance RF components.

Kenwood Ibérica's online presence details their extensive product line, including the NEXEDGE NXDN and DMR digital radio systems, alongside traditional analog offerings. The site categorizes transceivers by mode, such as HF / Todo Modo (All Mode), and portable/mobile VHF/UHF units, catering to various amateur radio operating preferences. This includes specific accessories like batteries, chargers, microphones, and programming cables, essential for maintaining and customizing radio equipment. The Spanish portal also highlights Kenwood's broader electronics portfolio, extending beyond amateur radio. This encompasses car electronics, featuring navigation and multimedia systems, as well as marine receivers and speakers. The product range covers everything from CD and CD-less car receivers to power amplifiers and DashCam/RearCam solutions, demonstrating the brand's diverse market reach. Beyond communications gear, the site presents home audio systems, including all-in-one receivers and portable party speakers. This breadth of offerings underscores Kenwood's long-standing presence in both the consumer electronics and two-way radio sectors, providing a centralized resource for product information and support.

Protecting amateur radio equipment from transient overvoltages requires robust lightning and surge protection, which is the focus of Electronic Specialty Products. The company provides various devices, including coaxial lightning arrestors for antenna feedlines and surge protectors for AC power lines and data circuits. These devices are engineered to divert high-energy surges, such as those caused by direct or indirect lightning strikes, away from sensitive transceivers, amplifiers, and computer components, thereby preventing catastrophic damage. Key products include the _Coaxial Lightning Protector_ series, designed for various impedance levels and frequency ranges up to 3 GHz, and the _AC Line Surge Protector_ for shack power distribution. Effective deployment of these protection devices can significantly reduce the risk of equipment failure and ensure operational continuity during severe weather. For instance, a properly installed coaxial arrestor can handle peak currents of **20 kA**, while AC line protectors offer clamping voltages typically below 400V. Comparing different models reveals varying levels of insertion loss and return loss, with some coaxial units exhibiting less than 0.1 dB loss at 500 MHz, making them suitable for high-performance HF and VHF/UHF operations. Integrating these components into a comprehensive grounding system is crucial for achieving maximum protection against both common-mode and differential-mode surges.

Constructing a high-power 70cm solid-state amplifier presents unique challenges, particularly when aiming for 500 watts output using modern LDMOS devices. This resource details the author's experience building a 70cm amplifier based on a _Freescale MRFE6VP5600H_ transistor, initially from an RFHAM kit. It meticulously outlines the necessary modifications to achieve advertised performance, including optimizing input and output matching, correcting bias circuitry, and ensuring proper output balun connections for stability. The author shares specific adjustments, such as trimming the prototyping board for better transistor fit, drilling additional mounting holes for improved heat sinking, and replacing original matching capacitors with a single _20pf MIN02 metal mica_ for superior output. A critical fix involved jumpering gate decoupling pads to balance the push-pull transistor halves, which increased output to 580W and improved IMD. The resource also highlights a crucial correction to the output balun connection, initially reversed in the _Dubus_ article schematic, which resolved intermittent stability issues. Test results are provided, showing input power, output power, and drain current at 50V, demonstrating the amplifier's performance after modifications. This practical account offers valuable insights for hams undertaking similar high-power UHF amplifier projects, especially those working with LDMOS devices and kit-based constructions.

1500 watts of RF output on the 70cm band requires robust amplifier design, a challenge addressed by this project featuring the GS-23b / 4CX1600U Svetlana tube. The resource details the construction of a high-power UHF amplifier, providing insights into component selection and layout necessary for stable operation at these frequencies and power levels.

This video will provide a foundation for understanding how power amplifier circuits work. If you are new to High Frequency Power Amplifier Circuit Design, this is the place to start.

A synthesized 2.3 GHz Amateur Television (ATV) transmitter design, conceived by Ian G6TVJ, is presented, targeting broadcast-quality video performance on the 13cm band and extending up to 2.6 GHz. The core of the design utilizes a commercial Z-comm Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) that tunes from 2.2-2.7 GHz, providing a +10 dBm output and simplifying RF alignment. This VCO's stability, originally intended for narrowband applications, readily accepts high-frequency video modulation, contributing to the transmitter's robust performance. The exciter stage, incorporating a Mini Circuits VNA 25 MMIC amplifier, boosts the signal to +16dBm, while a Plessey SP4982 prescaler divides the output frequency for the synthesizer. The synthesizer employs a Motorola MC145151 CMOS parallel IC, favored over the common Plessey SP5060 for its superior video modulation characteristics and ease of programming without microprocessors. This choice addresses issues like LF tilt and distorted field syncs often seen with SP5060 designs, particularly when operating through repeaters or over long distances. The MC145151 divides the signal further, enabling precise frequency stepping, with programming handled by EPROMs for channel selection and LED display. The loop filter network, critical for video integrity, was developed through experimentation to prevent the PLL from reacting to video modulation, ensuring a clean transmitted picture. The transmitter incorporates a Down East Microwave commercial power amplifier module, delivering approximately 1.6W output, driven by the exciter through a 3dB attenuator. Construction involves surface-mount SHF components on micro-strip lines etched onto double-sided fiberglass board, housed within a tinplate box. The design boasts no AC coupling in the video path, preserving low-frequency response, a common failing in other ATV transmitters. Performance tests with a 50Hz square wave revealed no LF distortion, and a calibrated "Pulse & Bar" signal showed a near 100% HF response, demonstrating its capability for high-quality ATV transmissions.

Selecting appropriate coaxial cable and wire for demanding amateur radio applications, particularly those involving high power or harsh environmental conditions, is crucial for maintaining signal integrity and operational safety. This resource details Harbour Industries' specialized offerings, which include Mil-Spec and commercial designs such as NEMA HP3/HP4 and SAE AS22759, suitable for aerospace, military, and industrial sectors. Their product line addresses the need for robust conductors capable of withstanding extreme temperatures and mechanical stress, often encountered in antenna systems or amplifier interconnections. The company highlights its AeroPOWER® Firezone M25038/3 cable, specifically engineered for high-temperature environments like aircraft engines. This particular product exemplifies their focus on solutions for critical infrastructure where reliability under adverse conditions is paramount. Such cables are relevant for hams building or maintaining stations in challenging climates or those operating high-power amplifiers where internal wiring must endure significant thermal loads. Harbour Industries also provides a range of high-performance cables designed to meet stringent specifications. Their expertise in high-temperature and high-performance cable manufacturing positions them as a supplier for specialized wiring needs beyond standard off-the-shelf options, ensuring durability and performance for advanced amateur radio setups.

The N1HFX thermal cooling fan controller project details a practical circuit designed to manage cooling fan operation based on temperature, a common requirement for high-power amateur radio equipment. This build utilizes a **LM34** temperature sensor, providing a linear voltage output directly proportional to Fahrenheit degrees, simplifying the control logic. The circuit's core functionality involves a comparator that activates the fan when a preset temperature threshold is exceeded, ensuring efficient cooling and reducing unnecessary fan noise. This controller is particularly useful for amplifiers, power supplies, or transceivers that generate significant heat during operation. The design incorporates a _TIP120 Darlington transistor_ to drive the fan, capable of handling up to 5 amps, making it suitable for a range of fan sizes and current requirements. Field results indicate stable temperature regulation, preventing thermal runaway in enclosed environments. Construction involves readily available components, making it an accessible project for hams looking to optimize their station's thermal management.

Schematic diagram for a high voltage power supply by W4NFR

RF amplifier products from NP Technologies, Inc. encompass a wide array of specialized designs, including highly linear Class A broadband amplifiers, crucial for maintaining signal integrity across various frequencies. Their portfolio also features cell band amplifiers, specifically engineered for cellular communication infrastructure, and pulse amplifiers, which are vital in applications requiring high-power, short-duration signal bursts. The company's manufacturing capabilities extend to AM and FM broadcast amplifiers, supporting radio transmission systems, and military VHF amplifiers, designed to meet rigorous defense specifications for robust and reliable communications. NP Technologies, Inc. emphasizes comprehensive development, design, manufacturing, and testing processes for all its RF amplifier offerings. This integrated approach ensures that each product, from initial concept to final deployment, adheres to stringent performance and reliability standards. The company's expertise in these areas allows for the creation of custom solutions tailored to specific client requirements, addressing complex RF challenges in diverse operational environments. Their product range demonstrates a commitment to serving multiple sectors, including commercial broadcasting, telecommunications, and defense. The focus on specialized amplifier types underscores their technical depth in RF engineering.

Demonstrates the construction of a high-power 6-meter (50 MHz) amplifier, specifically designed for demanding modes like EME, TEP, and multiskip Es. It details the use of a _GU-43B_ tetrode in a grounded-cathode configuration, emphasizing the need for stabilized grid voltage and input capacitance compensation. The resource provides a comprehensive schematic, power supply design, and practical considerations for component sourcing, particularly for high-voltage and high-current sections. The builder achieved an output power of **1250 watts** with an anode current of 0.65 amperes and 3200 volts anode voltage. The article also covers the physical construction within a modified P6-31 enclosure, outlining the internal layout for RF and power supply sections, and includes photos of the completed unit. It highlights critical safety precautions for working with high voltages and reactive currents up to **20 Amperes** in the P-network.

High power, UHF, L-band, S-band, C-band, microwave frequency amplifier and oscillator devices, pulsed, CW, fixed-tuned, or tunable devices in the range of 600 MHz to 2000 MHz

Voldatech, a manufacturer based in China, produces a range of RF feeder cables and site components essential for amateur radio installations and telecommunication infrastructure. Their product line includes various types of coaxial cables, such as **50 Ohm** and 75 Ohm options, along with a comprehensive selection of connectors like N-type, UHF, and BNC. These components are critical for maintaining signal integrity and minimizing loss in antenna systems, whether for a home shack or a remote DXpedition setup. The company's focus on _RF Coax cables_ and connectors directly supports the needs of radio amateurs seeking reliable transmission lines for their transceivers and antennas. Amateurs often compare Voldatech's offerings to established brands, evaluating factors such as impedance matching, shielding effectiveness, and durability under various environmental conditions. The availability of diverse cable types allows operators to select optimal solutions for different frequency bands and power levels, from QRP to high-power amplifier setups. Their products are particularly relevant for those constructing new antenna arrays or upgrading existing feedline systems, aiming to achieve maximum power transfer and reduce standing wave ratio (SWR) for efficient signal propagation.

A HF power amplifier with a push-pull of AFT09MS015N. The (small-signal) gain of the amplifier is around 26 dB in the lower HF band and goes down to about 24 dB on the higher end and still around 21 dB at 50 MHz. Its input matching is relatively good at the lower HF and degrades above 10 MHz.

High Plate Voltages Reported via Telemetry on Alpha 8410 power amplifier by AE9K

The MiniPA Linear Amplifier for HF page discusses the popularity of QRP for HF among ham radio operators, such as those using the Yaesu FT818 or low power SDR transceivers. It explores the use of cheap kits from eBay or Chinese suppliers to build a 70-100W SSB amplifier using IRF530 MOSFET transistors. The article provides a review of the MiniPA design, including its features, components, and assembly process. It also highlights the importance of using a heatsink and forced air cooling for optimal performance. This page is useful for hams looking to enhance their HF rig with a budget-friendly amplifier.

This will show you how to add a RF power amplifier to your Proxim Symphony for under $50. The cost is reduced by using the existing components on the Symphony, such as the PIN diode switch, and just inserting a higher power final amplifier. Increase the RF output power of your wireless network card to 1 Watt.

This document provides a comprehensive guide on purchasing high-frequency (HF) high-power amplifiers, discussing key considerations such as new versus used models, tube versus solid-state technology, and troubleshooting common issues. It emphasizes the importance of understanding power needs for activities like DX chasing and contesting, alongside practical tips for selecting and maintaining amplifiers to ensure reliability and performance in various conditions.

The Olivia digital mode, a **Multi-Frequency Shift Keying (MFSK)** radioteletype protocol, is specifically engineered for robust communication under difficult propagation conditions on shortwave radio bands from 3 MHz to 30 MHz. Developed by Pawel Jalocha in 2003, Olivia signals can be decoded even when the noise amplitude exceeds the digital signal by over ten times, making it highly effective for transmitting ASCII characters across noisy channels with significant fading and propagation phasing. Early on-the-air tests by Fred OH/DK4ZC and Les VK2DSG on the Europe-Australia 20-meter path demonstrated intercontinental contacts with as little as one-watt RF power under favorable conditions. Common Olivia modes are designated as X/Y, where X represents the number of tones and Y is the bandwidth in Hertz, with examples including 8/250, 16/500, and 32/1000. The resource clarifies that Olivia, unlike some other digital modes, produces a constant envelope, allowing RF power amplifiers to achieve greater conversion efficiencies and making it less prone to non-linearity. Operators are advised that **Automatic Level Control (ALC)** can be set higher than no meter movement for MFSK modulation, as long as it's not driven past its high limit, contrary to common misinformation about other digital modes. The Olivia community encourages voluntary channelization on suggested calling frequencies, such as 14.0725 MHz for 8/250, to facilitate initial contacts, especially for signals below the noise floor. The Olivia Digital DXers Club provides links to Groups.io, Facebook, and Discord for community engagement and offers details on QSO parties.

The RI1FJL DXpedition to Franz Josef Land, planned for August 2026, will deploy at least five high-power stations operating 24/7 across all **HF bands** for 15 days. The team of six operators, including R7AL and UA3QLC, will depart Murmansk on August 7, 2026, aboard a 20-meter sailing yacht, aiming for Heiss Island (IOTA: EU-019, QTH Loc.: LR80tn, CQ zone: 40, ITU zone: 75). Operating modes will encompass CW, SSB, and FT8, with specific FT8 frequencies like 1836.0 kHz and 14095.0 kHz designated for MSHV software. Equipment includes EE SUNSDR2 DX and Elecraft K3 transceivers, paired with Expert 1.3K-FA power amplifiers, and a variety of antennas such as Spiderbeams and phased GPs for 40m, 80m, and 160m. The expedition emphasizes working distant regions and low-power stations, acknowledging the challenging Arctic conditions with average temperatures around 1-3°C below zero. The logistical planning includes securing accommodation at the Geophysical Polar Observatory on Heiss Island and navigating potential ice conditions for zodiac landings. QSL information specifies ClubLog uploads at least daily, with OQRS available for direct and bureau QSLs. Donors contributing $10 or more receive fast LoTW confirmation and direct QSL cards, while Platinum Donors of $100+ will have their callsigns featured on the QSL card. A special plaque is offered for two QSOs with RI1FJL on different bands or modes.

This resource details **cooling modifications** for Ameritron AL82, AL1200, and AL1500 HF amplifiers, specifically addressing heat issues encountered during high-duty-cycle digital mode operation. The author, WD4NGB, observed excessive heat in the tank area and band switch on an AL82, attributing it to insufficient exhaust over the 3-500 tubes and a complete lack of exhaust over the tank area. The modifications aim to prevent common failures such as damaged band switches and deformed insulating materials by increasing airflow and exhaust area. The page describes adding five holes to the chassis for enhanced cooling to the band switch and tank area, alongside enlarging the exhaust area over the inner 3-500 tube and the tank area on the amplifier cover, utilizing expanded metal for safety and RF shielding. The original cover featured 26.25 square inches of exhaust; the modified version significantly increases this to 48.5 square inches over the tubes and introduces an additional 15 square inches over the band switch. These changes are intended to resolve heating problems encountered during heavy, 100% duty cycle use in modes like RTTY or long SSB contests, which typically generate substantial heat. The article also discusses upgrading to a higher output fan, such as the G2E085-AA05-21, and modifying tube sockets for improved airflow and reduced back pressure, citing Tom Rauch (W8JI) of CTR Engineering as a source for parts.

TX5EU 2026 DXpedition to Raivavae Island, **OC-114**, within the Austral Islands, providing a detailed account of the German/Dutch team's operations. The resource outlines the participation of operators such as DL2AWG Guenter, PA2KW Evert, and DK2AMM Ernoe, who engaged in CW, SSB, RTTY, and various digital modes. It documents the real-world challenges encountered, including significant equipment failures and antenna damage to 80/60m, 30m, and 10m verticals due to adverse storm conditions. The page offers timely news updates on the expedition's progress, noting repairs to a power amplifier's 10/12m bandpass filter, which enabled three stations to utilize amplification. Earlier reports highlighted power failures and the loss of multiple power amplifiers, necessitating one station to operate barefoot FT-8 with 100W. The team's persistent efforts to repair antennas as weather permits are also detailed, reflecting the dynamic nature of remote island operations.