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Presents a web-based DX cluster interface, F5LEN Webcluster, which functions as a member node within the broader European DX Cluster network. It displays current DX spots across a wide range of amateur radio bands, from VLF through SHF, including specific bands like 1.8 MHz, 144 MHz, and 10 GHz, as well as satellite operations on QO-100. The service offers filtering options for various modes and activities, such as CW, QRP, IOTA, and specific VHF/UHF bands. Operators can access real-time propagation data, including Solar Flux Index (SFI), Sunspot Number (SSN), Kp index, and Auroral activity (Au), alongside tools for solar forecasts and tropospheric ducting predictions. The platform facilitates DX spotting by providing a centralized point for sharing and viewing contact information, aiding in DX hunting and contest operations. It also includes links to an Atlas, Sun tools, and a mobile version for portable access.

Program for amateur radio digital communications via a sound card. Supported modes are RTTY (Baudot code), ASCII (7 or 8 bits), PSK31 (BPSK and QPSK) and AMTOR-FEC (SITOR-B, NAVTEX). SELFEC SITOR decoding is possible also. No additional hardware required, need only a sound card. Optionally you can use simple circuit fo PTT-control. Can cooperate with RZ4AG AAlog logger.

WSJT-X implements communication protocols including FST4, FST4W, FT4, FT8, JT4, JT9, JT65, Q65, MSK144, WSPR, and Echo. These modes facilitate reliable, confirmed QSOs under extreme weak-signal conditions. JT4, JT9, and JT65 utilize a nearly identical message structure and source encoding, employing timed **60-second** transmit/receive sequences synchronized with UTC. JT4 and JT65 are designed for EME on VHF/UHF/microwave bands, while JT9 is optimized for MF and HF, offering **2 dB** greater sensitivity than JT65 with less than 10% of its bandwidth. Q65 provides submodes with varying T/R sequence lengths and tone spacings, suitable for EME, ionospheric scatter, and weak signal operations on VHF, UHF, and microwave. FT4 and FT8 operate with T/R cycles of 7.5 and 15 seconds, respectively, supporting enhanced message formats for nonstandard callsigns and contest operations. MSK144 is engineered for Meteor Scatter on VHF bands. FST4 and FST4W target LF and MF bands, achieving fundamental sensitivities near theoretical limits for information throughput; FST4 is for two-way QSOs, and FST4W for quasi-beacon WSPR-style transmissions, without requiring the strict time synchronization of protocols like _EbNaut_. WSPR mode enables propagation path probing via low-power transmissions, incorporating programmable band-hopping. The **WSJT-X 2.7** General Availability release introduces the QMAP program, Q65 Pileup, SuperFox mode, a Hamlib update option, and a Message System. SuperFox mode transmits simultaneously to up to 9 Hounds with a constant envelope waveform, providing approximately +10 dB system gain compared to older Fox-and-Hound operations. _WSJT-X 2.7_ for _Windows_ platforms includes _MAP65 3.0_, a wideband polarization-matching tool for EME. The **WSJT-X 3.0.0-rc1** candidate release represents a major revision with new features, some ported from _WSJT-X Improved_. This software is available for _Windows 7_ and later (32-bit/64-bit), various Linux distributions (Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora, RedHat, Raspberry Pi OS), and macOS (10.13 through 15). DXZone Focus: Weak Signal | Digital Modes | WSJT-X | Windows

WSJT-X, a creation of K1JT, offers specialized digital protocols meticulously optimized for challenging propagation paths such as EME (moonbounce), meteor scatter, and ionospheric scatter. This software excels at VHF/UHF frequencies, and also provides robust performance for LF, MF, and HF DXing, enabling contacts far below the audible threshold. The program decodes signals from ionized meteor trails and steady signals more than 10 dB below the audible threshold, a testament to its advanced digital signal processing. It integrates nearly all popular features from its predecessors, WSJT and WSPR, while adding comprehensive rig control and numerous other enhancements for the serious weak signal operator. Available for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X, WSJT-X is an open-source project, allowing hams worldwide to download the latest versions and engage in cutting-edge weak signal communication.

Journal is a **freeware logbook software** designed for Windows operating systems, providing amateur radio operators with a robust tool for managing their contacts. It supports both real-time logging during a QSO and post-event data entry, allowing flexibility for different operating styles. The software facilitates the creation of QSL cards and address labels directly from logged data, streamlining the QSLing process. Additionally, it can generate log sheets specifically formatted for the RSGB VHF-UHF-SHF Competition, which is beneficial for contesters. Derek, G7LFC, developed Journal to be Year 2000 compliant, ensuring its longevity and reliability for logging contacts across different eras. The program supports various operating modes, making it versatile for general DXing, contesting, and everyday ragchewing. Its ability to produce competition-specific logs and QSL materials makes it a practical utility for active operators.

Facilitates efficient logging of amateur radio contacts, offering a robust solution for hams managing their station activities. The software integrates _CAT control_ capabilities, allowing direct interfacing with popular transceivers from manufacturers like Yaesu, Icom, and Kenwood. This feature streamlines the logging process by automatically capturing frequency, mode, and other QSO details directly from the radio, reducing manual entry errors and improving operational efficiency during contests or DXing. _HAM-LCT_ includes a comprehensive database, enabling users to store and retrieve contact information, QSL data, and other relevant details for each QSO. The program supports various operating modes and provides tools for searching and filtering log entries, which is beneficial for award tracking and station analysis. Its design focuses on providing a user-friendly interface for everyday logging tasks. While the original author, _HB9CQV_, has discontinued development of HAM-LCT in favor of a newer logging application, this version remains available as a functional freeware option for Windows users seeking a dedicated logbook with integrated rig control.

glfer is a program for reception and transmission of QRSS/DFCW signals. It is composed of two main parts: the spectrogram window, where you can see the spectrum of the received signal vs. time the transmission functions, to emit cw characters at a slow but precisely controlled speed, using the QRSS (slow CW) or DFCW (Dual Frequency CW) modes

miLog provides an integrated software solution for amateur radio station management, encompassing logging, DXing, and contesting functionalities. The software is designed to operate on Windows 2000 and later versions, indicating a focus on stability and compatibility within the Microsoft ecosystem. Its feature set includes comprehensive logging capabilities, tools for DX operations, and specific modules tailored for competitive contesting, streamlining the workflow for operators engaged in these activities. The resource details the software's commercial availability and its primary functions, which extend to station control. This integration allows users to manage multiple aspects of their amateur radio operations from a single application, potentially reducing the need for disparate tools. The description also highlights support for various operating modes, suggesting flexibility for different communication protocols and techniques. While the page itself is minimal, it serves as a direct point of reference for miLog, outlining its core purpose and system requirements. The emphasis on a highly integrated approach distinguishes it as a tool aiming to consolidate essential ham radio software functions.

Amateur radio operators frequently seek efficient methods for logging contacts, particularly during contests or DXing sessions where speed and accuracy are paramount. MiniLogBook addresses this need by providing a streamlined logging utility designed for Windows environments. The software facilitates rapid entry of QSO data, offering an automated lookup feature for previous contacts based on recent callsigns, which significantly reduces redundant data entry. The application's distinctive utility lies in its integration capabilities with other ham radio software, specifically _MRP40_. Users can select text within the MRP40 receive window and, with a double-click, automatically insert that text into MiniLogBook. This feature is particularly advantageous for operators engaged in digital modes like RTTY or PSK, where copying callsigns and exchange information accurately and quickly is critical. The tool aims to simplify the logging workflow, allowing operators to focus more on the contact itself rather than manual data transcription. While primarily a logging tool, its focus on quick entry and interoperability with specific third-party software distinguishes it from more feature-rich logging suites. The software is distributed as freeware by _Polar Electric_, making it accessible without cost. Its small footprint and direct functionality cater to operators who prefer a minimalist approach to logging, prioritizing efficiency over extensive database management or advanced reporting features.

The Elecraft K2 transceiver requires specific modifications for optimal soundcard digital mode operation, particularly for PSK31. The original article, circa 2001, details initial challenges with manual PTT and speech compression settings. A key modification involves adding headphone audio and a compression disable signal to the K2's microphone jack, utilizing pins 4 and 5. The **COMP0** signal, active low, is shorted to ground via a non-inverting open collector switch circuit, comprising two resistors and two transistors, mounted on the SSB board near U3. This circuit provides effective control of an analog signal line with good noise immunity. The switchbox itself repurposes a computer COM port switch, using only two of its original connectors and four of the nine poles. It integrates a microphone preamplifier, a PTT circuit built with 'flying leads' construction, and RCA jacks for soundcard connections. A trimpot adjusts the audio drive to the K2. The central DB9 connector links to the K2's mic connector via a shielded RS232 serial cable, ensuring proper grounding and signal routing. An external footswitch PTT jack is also included. Further enhancements include a **noise-canceling microphone** preamp based on a QST December 2000 article, adapted for Heil mic elements. This preamp, built with pseudo-Manhattan style construction, provides a gain of approximately 2 by changing emitter resistors (R9 and R16) from 680 ohms to 330 ohms. A 10-ohm series resistor and 47 µF capacitor on the +5V supply mitigate noise spikes.

Accurate calibration of your receiver and sound card is necessary for good results with the weak signal modes in use at LF. Modern receivers with master oscillators that are synthesized to provide all conversion frequencies greatly simplify the process. This article describes a method of making the necessary measurements and adjustments to an ICOM R75 receiver and a sound card, using the ARGO software

Introduction to WSPR beacons. Article describe WSPR2 and WSPR15 beaconing mode and include a frequency reference table for both WSPR modes

Marshall G. Emm, N1FN, meticulously examines iambic keying, dissecting its historical introduction in the late 1950s with transistorized electronic keyers and its purported advantages. The resource defines keying systems, electronic keyers, and various paddle types, including single-lever and dual-lever paddles, clarifying the distinction between iambic keyers and the iambic sending technique itself. It details the two main types of squeeze keying: true squeeze for alternating dot-dash strings and character insertion for specific elements within a character. N1FN critically evaluates the actual efficiency gains of iambic keying, referencing Chuck Adams, K7QO's, keystroke analysis. While a straight key to bug transition yields a 34.1% reduction and a bug to non-iambic keyer offers 16.1%, iambic keying provides only an 11% theoretical improvement. However, considering typical QSO text and Morse code's inherent optimization for common letters, the practical efficiency gain is estimated at a modest 4-6%. The article also highlights how iambic keying's reliance on precise timing gates can impose a speed limit, making it less effective above 40 WPM, where many operators revert to non-iambic methods or single-lever paddles.

137.7 kHz QRSS beacon exciter is described, utilizing a single chip for operation on the 2200m amateur band. The design focuses on simplicity and efficiency for weak signal applications, providing a compact solution for generating QRSS signals. This project targets the DX portion of the band, enabling long-distance communication with minimal power output. The resource details the construction and functionality of the **QRSS beacon**, emphasizing its **low-power operation** and suitability for experimental amateur radio. It provides insights into the circuit's architecture and potential for integration into existing station setups. The design aims to offer a practical and accessible entry point for amateurs interested in weak signal modes on the LF/MF bands.

The 2200-meter band (135.7-137.8 kHz) presents unique challenges for amateur radio operators due to its narrow 2.1 kHz bandwidth, low signal levels, and high noise. W1TAG explores various transmission modes suited for this demanding environment, highlighting that traditional voice modes like SSB and AM are impractical. Plain old CW serves as the baseline, demonstrating effectiveness across different modes, though signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) significantly limits practical speeds. The article notes that reducing CW speed below 5 WPM can improve copy, especially with computer-aided spectrum analysis software capable of decoding signals too weak for human ear reception. QRSS, or "CW sent slowly enough that speeds are best expressed in seconds per dot," is a key mode for LF work, with examples ranging from 3 seconds/dot to extreme 240 seconds/dot transmissions. _Argo_ by I2PHD is mentioned as a simple program for QRSS, enabling reception of signals like BRO, a Part 15 beacon, at a distance of **1100 miles**. Other modes discussed include Dual Frequency CW (DFCW), which uses frequency shifts to distinguish dots and dashes, and Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), a phase modulation technique employing 0 to 180-degree phase flips. WOLF (Weak-signal Operation on Low Frequency), a specialized BPSK form by KK7KA, encodes 15-character messages into 960-bit packages, taking 96 seconds to transmit, and has demonstrated successful reception over **672 seconds** for a message from a 1-watt beacon. Further modes include PSK, FSK variations like JASON and MSK, and graphical modes such as Hellschreiber and Chirped Hell. The article concludes with a practical chart comparing the time required to send a simple message like "WD2XES FN42CH " across these diverse LF modes, offering valuable insights for operators planning contacts on the low bands.

The IZ3MEZ Web DX Cluster presents real-time amateur radio DX spots across 20 distinct frequency bands, spanning from **LF (2190m)** at 135.7 kHz up to **SHF (QO-100)** at 10499 MHz. It displays the DX callsign, frequency, DXCC entity, spotter callsign, and spotter DXCC entity, along with any accompanying comments. The cluster also lists various operating modes such as CW, RTTY, FT8, FT4, FT2, PSK, and SSTV, and supports special operating activities like QRP/P and specific award programs including IOTA, POTA, SOTA, WCA, and JOTA. The cluster's interface provides a dynamic feed of the latest 50 spots, continuously updated with precise timestamps. It offers direct **Telnet protocol** access for users preferring a command-line interface, with configuration instructions provided. The resource also integrates with other spotting networks like RBN and PSK Reporter, enhancing its utility for DXers and contesters seeking propagation information and activity monitoring across a broad spectrum of amateur radio frequencies.

This resource is an online tutorial focused on setting up the Raspberry Pi for amateur radio applications. It covers the installation and configuration of various software packages tailored for digital communications and protocols, including _Packet Radio_ with Hamlib and Direwolf, as well as data modes like FLDigi and WSJT-X. The guide also details the integration of hardware components such as GPS clocks for time synchronization and real-time clocks for enhanced functionality. Users will find instructions for installing software like GPredict for satellite tracking and GQRX for software-defined radio (SDR) applications. The tutorial emphasizes practical steps, including the use of command-line inputs in the Raspberry Pi OS terminal, and provides troubleshooting tips for common issues such as faulty SD cards or insufficient power supplies. Operators are encouraged to explore various applications, including APRS iGates and WSPR beacons, to enhance their ham radio experience. The material is designed for licensed amateur radio operators with basic knowledge of electronics and computing.

Experimental Stations Run by W1TAG WD2XES has been used to study LF antenna design, propagation and communication modes. Signals from WD2XES have been copied as far away as Russia.

High Speed Multimedia (HSMM) radio, as introduced by John Champa, K8OCL, represents a significant advancement in amateur radio's digital capabilities, moving beyond traditional keyboard modes like packet radio. This initiative, driven by ARRL's Technology Task Force, focuses on developing high-speed digital radio networks capable of up to 20 megabits per second. HSMM primarily facilitates digital voice (DV) and digital video (ADV), enabling real-time video transmission from emergency scenes to an EOC without expensive ATV gear, often requiring only a laptop, a PCMCIA card, a digital camera, and a small antenna. The working group's initial efforts concentrate on cultivating microwave skills within the amateur community to build and support portable and fixed high-speed radio-based local networking, or **RLANs**. These networks prove invaluable for RACES and ARES organizations, as well as homeland security and other emergency communications. Field Day exercises and simulated emergency tests (SETs) are encouraged to hone skills in rapid site surveys and deploying broadband HSMM microwave radio networks, with examples like linking Field Day logging stations or antenna test results at the Midwest VHF-UHF Society Picnic 2003. Getting started with HSMM often involves adapting off-the-shelf **IEEE 802.11** (WiFi) equipment to comply with amateur radio regulations, typically operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM bands. While consumer WiFi gear has range limitations under Part 15 rules, proper setup under amateur regulations can extend coverage significantly, with test networks like the Hinternet achieving 5-15 mile ranges at 54 M bit/s using small mast-mounted dish antennas. Careful selection of equipment with external antenna ports, high transmit power, and low receive sensitivity is crucial, along with using low-loss coaxial cable like LMR-400 for optimal performance at these frequencies.

DF0WD/DL4YHF's Longwave Overview details amateur radio operations on the 135.7 to 137.8 kHz segment in Germany. The author outlines the "inofficial" European band plan, specifying segments for QRSS, TX tests, beacons, conventional CW, and data modes. Early LF activities at DF0WD began with a 20-watt CW transmitter, later upgraded to a homemade linear transverter capable of 100 watts, driven by an Icom IC706 on 10.137 MHz. The station's antenna system includes a 200-meter wire, approximately 10 meters above ground, supported by football field light-masts. Despite its length, the antenna's efficiency is noted as very low due to the immense wavelength of about 2.2 km. The author's experience highlights the significant challenge of achieving effective radiated power (EIRP) on LF, estimating DF0WD's EIRP at around 80 milliwatts based on field strength measurements from PA0SE. DF0WD/DL4YHF has successfully worked numerous countries on 136 kHz CW, including DL, F, G, GI, GM, GU, GW, HB9, HB0, LX, OE, OH, OK, OM, ON, OZ, PA, and SM. The author also mentions ongoing efforts to log contacts with CT, EI, LA/LG, and to complete a two-way QSO with Italy, demonstrating persistent activity on this challenging band.

Wavelog, a web-based amateur radio logbook application, launched in February 2024, represents a significant fork from the established Cloudlog platform, developed by a core team including DF2ET and DJ7NT. This open-source project focuses on delivering advancements in both stability and functionality, specifically tailored for the amateur radio community. The application allows users to manage their radio logs from diverse environments, including professional servers, standard web hosting, or even compact _Raspberry Pi_ setups. The platform distinguishes itself through its emphasis on simplicity, robust features, and versatile accessibility, enabling operators to log contacts from virtually any location. It supports various operating modes and data formats, providing a flexible solution for tracking QSOs and managing station activities. The project's development is driven by the collaborative spirit of the amateur radio community, prioritizing utility and user experience over commercial objectives. Key features include comprehensive logging capabilities, support for multiple bands and modes, and integration with common amateur radio data standards, ensuring broad utility for DXers and contesters.

The Aziloop DF-72 antenna system provides 72 K9AY headings and 36 loop axes, allowing for rapid switching in 60 ms. It integrates a switchable 18 dB preamp, a 4-step attenuator (0-18 dB), and four 7-pole preselection filters to optimize receiver performance. The K9AY load is adjustable from 250 Ohm to 950 Ohm in 50 Ohm increments, offering flexibility for various receiving conditions. Control is managed via an intuitive Windows UI, supporting Local, Client, or Server modes, with headless remote operation possible through the built-in Ethernet Server. _Omni-Rig_ support facilitates auto-filter selection, PTT muting, and Rig-Sync functionality, enhancing integration with existing station setups. Designed by _GW4GTE_, the system utilizes a low visual impact, small-footprint antenna with orthogonal loops and an earth connection. It is suitable for general monitoring, co-channel station resolution, basic direction finding, and interference reduction across the VLF to HF spectrum.

This project outlines a simple Lead Acid/SLA battery monitor, designed to alert users when battery voltage falls below 10.6V. The monitor, based on a PIC16F1827 microcontroller, checks the voltage of up to five batteries and triggers an alarm if any drop too low. The system operates in various modes, including self-test, monitoring, and alarm. This updated version improves upon the original 1999 design, offering a more modern microcontroller and extended functionality for workshop use, with minimal impact on battery charge.

Detecting stray RF voltages on station grounds, chassis, and interconnecting cables is crucial for preventing program and hardware failures in the shack. This article details the construction and application of an LED RF V-probe, which offers significantly higher sensitivity compared to conventional neon lamp indicators. The probe leverages two specific properties of modern red LEDs: their ability to glow at microampere currents and their rectification capability at frequencies up to tens of megahertz. The design features a simple circuit with two LEDs, allowing for indication of both positive and negative RF voltage half-waves. The minimum detectable RF voltage is approximately 2 V, a substantial improvement over the 40-60 V threshold of neon bulbs. The resource illustrates the probe's physical construction on a PCB and provides a direct comparison demonstrating its superior sensitivity in detecting RF fields near a coil. Two operational modes are described: a non-contact mode for high RF voltages (above 15-20 V) and a direct-contact mode for measuring lower RF voltages, with a safety caution for the latter. Practical examples show the probe's use in analyzing RF voltage distribution across a radio station setup at 1.84 MHz and 24.9 MHz, revealing insights into common-mode current issues and the effectiveness of mitigation strategies like adding radials.

Provides access to a robust DX cluster node, G6NHU-2, running DX Spider software, which facilitates real-time amateur radio contact spotting across HF bands. This service is engineered for high reliability and low latency, ensuring rapid dissemination of DX spots from a global network of interconnected nodes. It features multiple redundant links to prevent data loss and maintain continuous operation, even if individual connections drop. The cluster integrates directly with the Reverse Beacon Network (RBN), allowing users to enable or disable skimmer spots for specific modes like CW, RTTY, FT8, and FT4. It also offers an extensive one-year spot history, significantly longer than most other DX clusters, which typically retain only a month of data. The node supports various lookup commands for callsign information, beam headings, QSL routing, and FCC database lookups, enhancing operational efficiency for DXers and contesters. Additionally, it permits self-spotting, a feature increasingly relevant in modern contests, and provides detailed instructions for connecting popular logging software such as N1MM+, HamRadioDeluxe, MacLoggerDX, LOG4OM2, Logger32, and N3FJP's Amateur Contact Log.