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For macOS users engaged in amateur radio operations, a robust logging solution is essential for tracking QSOs, managing contest entries, and handling QSLs. RUMLog addresses these needs by providing a fully featured logbook program designed specifically for the Apple ecosystem. It integrates capabilities such as transceiver control for popular Icom, Elecraft, Yaesu, and Kenwood rigs, CW keyer interfacing, and real-time DX cluster monitoring. The software also includes mapping functions, callsign checking, and extensive import/export options for various log data formats. RUMLog's design supports both general logging and specialized contest operations, offering tools for efficient entry and submission. Its QSL handling and printing utilities streamline the confirmation process, a critical aspect for award pursuits like _DXCC_. The program's ability to interface with a wide array of transceivers via _Hamlib_ or proprietary protocols ensures broad compatibility, allowing operators to leverage its features across different station configurations. The free availability of RUMLog makes it an accessible option for macOS-based hams seeking a powerful logging utility.

Collection of telegraph keys homebrew antenna projects links to radio software

DIY voice keyer for your next ham radio contest. An interesting homebew voice keyer project by ON7EQ

UK manufacturer of ham radio accessories, including TNX, SDR receivers, RF Diplexers Triplexers, bandpass filters, iambic memory keyers.

Schematic of Yaesu FT-857 main board original jumpers based on different radio type

Details Allied Wire and Cable's extensive product catalog, focusing on its role as both a distributor and manufacturer of specialized wiring solutions. The resource highlights the availability of electronic and electrical wire, various cable types, tubing, and pre-assembled cable solutions. It also specifies their capability in **custom cable design**, addressing unique requirements for specific applications. The site presents information on flexible cable options and a broad spectrum of wire and cable specifications, catering to diverse industrial and technical needs. It outlines the company's capacity to provide tailored solutions beyond standard off-the-shelf products, emphasizing their engineering and manufacturing expertise. Key offerings include **coaxial cable**, connectors, and general wiring components, positioning the company as a comprehensive source for connectivity infrastructure. The content implicitly supports applications ranging from industrial automation to specialized radio frequency installations.

TurboLog is a station management and logging program designed for amateur radio operators, providing robust database and logging functionalities. It features fully integrated support for controlling typical radio station equipment, including transceivers, packet radio TNCs, Morse and voice keyers, and digital mode terminals. The software also incorporates antenna switching capabilities and acoustic alerting, streamlining station operations for DXing and contesting. The program's utility extends to award tracking for entities like DXCC and IOTA, alongside comprehensive callbook and ham database integration. It supports log import and export, QSL label generation, and includes TNC drivers for packet radio. The trial version allows users to evaluate its extensive features before commitment, making it a versatile tool for managing complex amateur radio station configurations and operational data.

The resource presents a detailed schematic for constructing a dual-band vertical antenna, specifically designed for operation on the 2-meter and 70-centimeter amateur radio bands. It illustrates the physical layout, critical dimensions, and component placement necessary for successful replication. Key elements such as the radiating elements, phasing sections, and feed point are clearly depicted, providing a visual guide for radio amateurs undertaking a homebrew antenna project. The diagram specifies the lengths for the VHF and UHF sections, indicating how these elements are integrated to achieve dual-band functionality from a single coaxial feedline. It also implies the use of common materials readily available to most experimenters, focusing on simplicity and effectiveness in its design. The visual format of a GIF image ensures direct access to the construction details without requiring extensive textual interpretation. This schematic serves as a practical reference for hams interested in building a compact, efficient vertical antenna for local and regional FM communications, offering a proven design for immediate implementation.

QST Magazine Product Reviews - Key Measurements Summary - HF-Transceivers or Receivers. Compares Yaesu FTDX5000, Elecraft K3, Flex 5000 and Kenwood TS-590S

Operating on the 2200m band (135.7-137.8 kHz) often presents challenges for amateur radio transceivers, which typically exhibit poor receiver performance at these very low frequencies. This project addresses the issue by providing a design for a dedicated 137 kHz antenna preamplifier, specifically tailored to improve signal reception for radios such as the _Yaesu FT-817_. The preamplifier circuit utilizes a low-noise FET input stage, crucial for minimizing self-generated noise and maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio from weak LF signals. The design includes a detailed schematic, component values, and construction notes, enabling homebrewers to build a functional unit. The goal is to achieve significant gain, making the faint signals on 2200m more discernible and improving overall band usability. Key design considerations include impedance matching to typical antenna systems and ensuring stable operation across the narrow LF segment. The circuit aims for a **low noise figure** and sufficient amplification to overcome the inherent limitations of general-purpose HF transceivers when operating below **200 kHz**.

By Prof. T. K. Mani - VU2ITI

An amateur radio contest log sheet printable in A4 format, useful for portable operations, free to download PDF File.

The Yaesu VX-5R, manufactured between 199x and 200x, offers a transmit frequency range covering 50-52 MHz, 144-146 MHz, and 430-440 MHz for European models, with US versions extending to 50-54 MHz, 144-148 MHz, and 430-450 MHz. Its receiver boasts an impressive wideband capability from 0.5 MHz to 999 MHz, with cellular frequencies blocked in some regions. The unit provides up to 5 watts RF output on 6 meters and 2 meters, and 4.5 watts on 70 centimeters, with selectable lower power settings down to 300 mW. This handheld transceiver utilizes a double conversion superheterodyne receiver system, featuring a 47.25 MHz first IF for FM and 45.8 MHz for WFM. Key specifications include a frequency stability of ±5 ppm across a wide temperature range and a current drain of 25-150 mA on receive. The VX-5R supports 220 regular memory channels with alpha tags, 3 home channels, and 10 NOAA weather channels, all stored in non-volatile EEPROM. Additional features include CTCSS/PL and DCS with tone search, ARS, ARTS, an internal voltmeter, and a Spectra-Scope. The device operates on a 7.2 VDC battery pack or 10-16 VDC external power, weighing 255 grams with dimensions of 58x88x27 mm. The VX-5R was also available as the metallic silver VX-5RS.

Showcasing a specialized product line, Advanced Receiver Research presents a comprehensive catalog of **low noise preamplifiers** and microwave **Gunnplexers**. The offerings span a broad spectrum of radio frequencies, from VLF, LF, MF, and HF bands up through VHF, UHF, and microwave, catering to diverse applications including amateur radio, commercial installations, and military systems. Their product range includes mast-mount preamplifiers, inline attenuators, power dividers, and various coaxial components. My own experience with similar low-noise front ends for weak-signal work on 2 meters and 70 centimeters underscores the critical role such components play in maximizing receiver sensitivity, especially when chasing distant DX or engaging in EME. The detailed product descriptions and technical specifications provided on the site allow operators to select the optimal preamplifier for their specific band and noise figure requirements, essential for improving signal-to-noise ratio. The site also lists specialized products for unique applications like Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Studio Transmitter Links (STL), demonstrating a depth of engineering capability beyond typical amateur radio fare. This breadth of offerings, coupled with clear ordering and warranty information, positions Advanced Receiver Research as a key supplier for high-performance RF components.

K8CU builds a classic 1967 QST semiconductor project during the 40th anniversary year of the original project publication.

This tutorial provides step-by-step instructions for setting up the ICOM IC-7300 to work with WinLink and WinMor. The process begins with downloading the necessary USB driver from ICOM Japan, followed by configuring the radio settings through the menu. Key settings include selecting the correct output and data modes, as well as ensuring the USB serial function is properly set. Once the radio is connected to the PC via USB, the drivers will install automatically, allowing for seamless communication. After confirming the installation of the USB Audio CODEC and COM port, users are guided to download the RMS Client Software for WinLink. The tutorial emphasizes the importance of understanding the WinLink system and provides links to additional resources for setup. Finally, it details how to configure the WinMor modem settings, ensuring the ICOM IC-7300 is ready for effective digital communication. This guide is essential for operators looking to enhance their digital capabilities using the IC-7300.

Radio Amateurs of Ankara, Turkey. English, Turkish, homepages of HAM's.

This tutorial will show you how to connect a Morse key to the Raspberry Pi GPIO pins, and how to write code to play tones when you hold the key down. You will also decode the Morse that you're keying so that it comes up on the screen.

An overview of some of the ways, and the key tips on how electronics soldered joints can be unsoldered or desoldered.

The Receiver Test Data resource is a detailed review database focusing on the performance metrics of various radio receivers. The methodology involves rigorous lab measurements, often adhering to standards such as the ARRL RMDR (Reciprocal Mixing Dynamic Range) and BDR (Blocking Dynamic Range). Specific test equipment and protocols are utilized to assess parameters like noise floor (dBm), AGC threshold (uV), and LO noise (dBc/Hz). For example, the _Icom IC-7300_ is evaluated with a noise floor of **-133 dBm** and an LO noise of **-141 dBc/Hz**, providing insights into its performance under different operational conditions. The resource includes a wide range of models, from the _Elecraft K3S_ to the _Yaesu FTdx-101D_, each tested for dynamic range, sensitivity, and selectivity. The data is sorted by key metrics such as third-order dynamic range and phase noise limitations, with RMDR values calculated by subtracting 27 dB from LO noise figures. This structured approach allows users to compare different receivers' capabilities, focusing on technical specifications and performance outcomes in various scenarios. DXZone Focus: Review Database | Lab Measurements | -133 dBm | ARRL RMDR

New and used books on telegraphy, key collecting, antique radio and communication-related subjects, as well as vintage telegraph instruments

Learn how to start using ham radio satellites for your DX contacts, PDF presentation by Dave Long

Protecting amateur radio equipment from transient overvoltages requires robust lightning and surge protection, which is the focus of Electronic Specialty Products. The company provides various devices, including coaxial lightning arrestors for antenna feedlines and surge protectors for AC power lines and data circuits. These devices are engineered to divert high-energy surges, such as those caused by direct or indirect lightning strikes, away from sensitive transceivers, amplifiers, and computer components, thereby preventing catastrophic damage. Key products include the _Coaxial Lightning Protector_ series, designed for various impedance levels and frequency ranges up to 3 GHz, and the _AC Line Surge Protector_ for shack power distribution. Effective deployment of these protection devices can significantly reduce the risk of equipment failure and ensure operational continuity during severe weather. For instance, a properly installed coaxial arrestor can handle peak currents of **20 kA**, while AC line protectors offer clamping voltages typically below 400V. Comparing different models reveals varying levels of insertion loss and return loss, with some coaxial units exhibiting less than 0.1 dB loss at 500 MHz, making them suitable for high-performance HF and VHF/UHF operations. Integrating these components into a comprehensive grounding system is crucial for achieving maximum protection against both common-mode and differential-mode surges.

Dealer for Alpha Delta hf antennas, switeches, Outbacker and super antennas, morse code keys, coax cable and military products, managed by W8GEG from Medina Ohio

This page presents a curated list of individuals who have made significant contributions across various fields while also being active amateur radio operators. For instance, Dr. Joseph H. Taylor, co-winner of the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of binary pulsars, is recognized for developing the _WSPR_ and _WSJT_ weak signal mode software. Similarly, Wilson Greatbatch, inventor of the cardiac pacemaker with over **150 patents**, is featured. The resource details the diverse backgrounds of these hams, from Professor Donald H. Menzel, an astrophysicist at Harvard, to Hiram Percy Maxim, often called "The Father of Amateur Radio," who also pioneered in the automobile and aviation industries. King Hussein of Jordan, JY1, is noted for his active participation on 20 meters, engaging with fellow amateurs like Pat Kilroy, WD8LAQ. Other entries include Arthur M. Young, designer of Bell Helicopter's first model, and Marlon Brando, KE6PZH/FO5GJ, known for operating from his private island in French Polynesia. Peggy Sue Gerron-Rackham, K5PSG, gained her license after a special event station, demonstrating the hobby's broad appeal.

Web Morse Runne is an online CW (Morse code) contest simulator developed by DJ1TF - Thomas Fritzsche. This tool allows users to practice their Morse code receiving and sending skills in a simulated contest environment. Key configurable parameters include CW speed, with options ranging from 300Hz to 900Hz, and RX bandwidth, adjustable from 100Hz to 600Hz. Users can also set a monitor level and simulate various band conditions. The interface includes counters for calls and QSOs per hour, along with a timer. Pre-defined function keys are available for common contest exchanges such as F1 (CQ), F3 (TU), F6 (B4), F7 (?), and F8 (NIL). The simulator is designed for ham radio operators looking to improve their CW contesting proficiency.

A system designed to automatically tune small transmitting magnetic loop antennas, particularly beneficial for **contest operations** where rapid frequency changes are common. The core of the system involves a PC-based control application, AutoCap, written in C#, which monitors antenna SWR via an external meter and commands a motor interface to adjust the loop's variable capacitor. The software is compatible with Windows and Linux via the Mono framework, offering a graphical user interface for monitoring system status, SWR, power, and motor commands. Key components include one or more magnetic loop antennas equipped with DC or stepper motors for capacitor adjustment, an SWR meter with data output (such as the Telepost LP-100A or a homebrew serial/USB SWR meter), the AutoCap PC software, and a motor interface. The most effective motor interface utilizes an **Arduino-based controller** with custom firmware, providing precise control over both simple DC motors and stepper motors, and supporting features like motor braking for finer adjustments. The system allows for configurable SWR thresholds, pulse widths, and motor effort settings to optimize tuning speed and resolution. Optional radio integration provides frequency hints, enabling the algorithm to learn the relationship between motor actions and resonant frequency, thereby speeding up initial tuning responses. The software also supports antenna profiles, allowing operators to save and recall specific configurations for different loops, including accumulated frequency hint data.

Palm radio palldes, german maker of popular Mini-Paddles, small keys and mini bugs

Showcasing a range of precision-engineered Morse code paddles, UR5CDX emphasizes craftsmanship in both dual and single paddle designs. Each key, such as the _Eridan MX_ or _CT 73 MB_, is engineered for optimal performance, catering specifically to the needs of CW operators. The paddles are not merely tools; they reflect the artistry inherent in ham radio equipment, with options for personalization like _Callsign engraving_ and _3D nameplate_ tags. The commitment to quality is evident in the materials used and the precision of the mechanics, ensuring reliable operation during contests or casual QSOs. Yury, UR5CDX, also engages with the community, sharing insights on the manufacturing process and the impact of current events on production timelines, fostering camaraderie among operators who appreciate the nuances of Morse code communication.

The _TA Callbook_ provides a dedicated online search utility for Turkish amateur radio operators, enabling users to query a database of over 15,500 records. This resource allows for lookups based on a callsign, operator's name, surname, city, or even a specific address keyword. It serves as a practical tool for DXers and contesters seeking to identify or verify Turkish stations, facilitating QSLing and contact logging. The interface is straightforward, requiring only a single keyword input to initiate a search. Operators can also update their personal information through an integrated editing form, ensuring data accuracy within the system. The platform's data collection practices are noted to comply with Turkish Personal Data Protection Law No. 6698, specifically Article 28, Paragraph 2, Clause b, by utilizing publicly disclosed information. The database was last updated on March 6, 2026, reflecting ongoing maintenance by its creators, _TA3AK_ and _TA8A_, who collaboratively developed this essential Turkish callbook.

QST Magazine Product Reviews - Key Measurements Summary - HF-Transceivers or Receiver and Linear Amplifiers

Call Book Log 3.0 is a web-based logging solution for amateur radio operators, designed for self-hosting on a web server with MySQL/MariaDB and PHP 7+ support. It provides a mobile-friendly interface for viewing, adding, editing, deleting, backing up, and restoring QSO logs. The software features a streamlined setup process, allowing users to quickly deploy a personal logging system accessible via any web browser. Key functionalities include displaying the last **5** contact dates for previously worked stations, enhancing log management by providing immediate historical context during QSO entry. The system also includes a central administrative section for authenticated users to manage log entries. The 3.0 version represents a significant code overhaul, focusing on improved performance and a more *visually appealing* user experience compared to earlier iterations. Enhancements include better pagination, a redesigned menu with icons, and color-changing rows for improved readability. The add log page now incorporates a one-click time update feature, addressing user feedback regarding time synchronization during rapid QSO entry. This iteration builds upon previous versions like 2.1, which corrected an automatic _UTC date_ bug, and 2.0, which featured a full rewrite to resolve browser quirks and optimize search functions. The software's evolution demonstrates a commitment to functional stability and user interface refinement.

Accurate frequency measurement is crucial for amateur radio operators, particularly when building or troubleshooting transceivers and test equipment. This resource details the construction of a _PIC microcontroller_-based frequency counter, providing a practical solution for precise frequency display. The design incorporates an LCD readout, offering clear visual feedback of measured frequencies. The counter can operate as a standalone unit, useful for general bench testing, or be integrated directly into a receiver. Its built-in offset functionality allows for seamless integration, enabling the display of the received signal frequency rather than the intermediate frequency. The project focuses on accessible components and construction techniques, making it suitable for homebrew enthusiasts. Key features include a measurement range up to **50 MHz** and a compact form factor.

Aanarad Trabzon department turkey

Over 45 years of dedicated work by Robert Sherwood, NC0B, culminated in a wealth of technical insights, particularly concerning **receiver performance** and the intricacies of transceiver design. The site provides access to numerous presentations from events like Dayton Contest University and W4DXCC, covering topics such as optimizing rig performance, the evolution of lab testing, and the impact of roofing filters on transmitted IMD and receiver characteristics. These resources offer detailed analyses and practical advice for serious operators and contesters. While product manufacturing, including the SE-3 MK IV synchronous detector and various Drake R-4C accessories like roofing filters and cooling kits, has ceased, the legacy of technical documentation remains. The site details specific products like the Icom IC-781 and R-9000, and offers insights into 455 kHz mechanical and crystal filters, along with DSP protection strategies. Crucially, the site features extensive receiver test data, allowing radio amateurs to compare the performance of various transceivers. This data, often presented in white papers and slide shows, includes detailed measurements and explanations of key performance metrics, serving as a valuable reference for understanding and selecting high-performance HF gear.

This resource examines the appropriate use of /M (mobile) and /P (portable) suffixes in amateur radio callsigns, specifically within the context of the UK Amateur Radio Licence. It addresses common ambiguities and challenges in determining operational status, such as operating from a summit or while walking. The discussion references the licence version in force before February 21, 2024, noting that while current regulations recommend but do not specify suffix use, the prior definitions remain relevant for understanding common practice. The content dissects key sections of the licence, including "Notes to the licence" (d)(i-iii) which outlines /A, /P, and /M usage based on location, and "Temporary Location" (jj) which defines /P operations. It also clarifies "Mobile" (17(1)(x)) as operating in or on a vehicle, on a pedestrian, or on a vessel on inland waters. The author provides examples and recommendations for choosing between /M and /P when both might apply, such as when operating from a parked car with a deployed mast or using a handheld on a summit. Historical notes from M1MAJ, G8ADD, and G6MZX are included, tracing the evolution of suffix rules from pre-BR68 days to the 1977 licence version. These historical perspectives highlight how past regulations have influenced current interpretations and persistent myths regarding /M usage. The resource emphasizes making an informed choice based on the licence and communicating the station's operational circumstances clearly.

Supplier of two-way radio products and accessories to large and small businesses, volunteer groups, radio amateurs and individuals. Transceivers, receivers, antennas cw keys based in London UK

Managed by WA3KEY Featuring the Collins Radio Advertisement Archive

Operating a modern amateur radio station often involves integrating various software tools, and LogHX aims to provide a unified environment for Windows users. The software facilitates comprehensive QSO accounting, allowing operators to track contacts and manage both e-QSL and traditional paper QSL exchanges, including via QSL managers or direct methods. It also offers real-time QSO preview and integrates with popular callbook data for quick lookups. LogHX supports various logbook database searches and maintains statistics for numerous awards, a critical feature for serious DXers and contesters. The program handles logbook import and export in widely used formats such as _ADIF_ and _Cabrillo_, ensuring compatibility with other logging applications. Furthermore, it interoperates with Telnet clusters and third-party ham radio software, enhancing its utility in a networked shack environment. Key functionalities include antenna rotator control, editable macros for PSK, RTTY, CW, and SSB operations, and CAT control via _OmniRig_ or direct interfaces. Embedded modules like MMVari, MMTTY, and CWServer streamline digital mode operations, while its multi-window structure allows users to customize their screen layout, preserving valuable monitor space.

An ham radio contest log sheet in a PDF US letter printable format, can be used for portable operations, free to print and download.

Several HD video overlay devices are offered, including the GeoStamp HD, which overlays GPS latitude, longitude, heading, speed, altitude, date, time, and depth onto AHD, HD-TVI, and HD-CVI (720p/1080p) video sources. The VideoStamp HD allows user-defined text overlays on similar HD video inputs, while the VideoStamp Keyboard HD enables text input via a PS/2 keyboard for video overlay. For commercial applications, the PostMark HD integrates with cash registers and POS terminals to overlay transaction data onto security camera feeds. Beyond HD video solutions, the DTMF-8 DTMF Decoder provides remote control capabilities for up to eight devices or relays using touch tones from a radio or other audio source. This decoder supports four operational modes and includes password protection, storing all settings in non-volatile EEPROM memory. The product line also includes standard definition OSD, RS-232, GPS, and POS text inserters, along with various DTMF encoders and DVR solutions.

This app will give you a 16 tone DTMF keypad and the ability to generate custom DTMF sequences, and set the duration and tone to silence ratio. Includes the characters 1234567890*# and the menu tones ABCD. You may enter a custom sequence via the keypad, soft keyboard, or speech if your device already has speech-to-text capability. This is basically a touch tone telephone keypad, which may be of interest to amateur ham radio repeater operators

Manually programming D-Star handheld transceivers like the _Icom ID-51A_ and _ID-31A_ can be a straightforward process, enabling operators to configure repeaters, simplex frequencies, and D-Star specific settings without relying on computer software. This method is particularly useful for field operations or when quick adjustments are needed, allowing hams to set up callsign routing, DR mode, and reflector links directly from the radio's interface. Understanding the menu structure and key sequences is crucial for efficient on-the-fly programming. Operators often find manual programming invaluable for activating new D-Star repeaters encountered during travel or for participating in local nets where specific G2 or G3 gateway configurations are required. While software like _CS-51_ offers convenience for bulk programming, the ability to manually input frequencies and D-Star parameters ensures operational flexibility. This approach also helps hams troubleshoot connectivity issues by verifying individual settings directly on the transceiver, ensuring proper D-Star registration and gateway access.

WA3KEY Virtual Collins Radio Museum. A complete resource for Collins Radio users, collectors and restorers.

Fla keys amateur radio club - kb4gcz

Demonstrates the capabilities of CW_Shark, a dedicated 32-bit Windows application for Morse code operations. This software facilitates the analysis, decoding, and encoding of CW signals, providing hams with a versatile tool for various aspects of amateur radio communication. It supports four distinct modes: Decode Only, Keyboard QSO, Straight or Paddle Key QSO, and Straight or Paddle Key Practice, catering to different user needs from passive listening to active keying. Operators can utilize the Decode Only mode for signal analysis, while the Keyboard QSO mode allows for text-based interaction. The Straight or Paddle Key QSO mode offers a direct interface for traditional keying, enabling real-time communication. For skill development, the Straight or Paddle Key Practice mode provides a structured environment to hone Morse code proficiency. CW_Shark integrates essential functions for CW enthusiasts, supporting both learning and active participation in Morse code exchanges. Its focused design aims to assist operators in mastering and enjoying the art of _CW communication_.

Key facts about how to solder, how to solder wire, how to solder pcb's, and including general soldering techniques and the best ways of making good solder joints for electronic circuits and construction. Includes video

Presents the official web presence for the Mike Charlie DX Group, identified as 14MC, a CB radio association operating from Lyon, France. The resource details the group's activities, which include engagement in digital communication modes such as packet radio, PSK31, SSTV, FSSTV, and MT63, indicating a focus beyond traditional AM/SSB CB operations. It provides contact information, including the group's email address and a specific callsign, 14MC17, associated with the publisher. The site offers historical context through its copyright dates of 2000-2001 and a last update timestamp of October 6, 2004, reflecting its operational period. It lists key identifiers like "14MC01" and "14MC17," suggesting individual or station callsigns within the group structure. The content emphasizes the group's identity as a "cibiste lyonnaise" association. The resource serves as a digital archive for the 14MC group, documenting its existence and operational interests in CB radio and digital modes. It provides specific keywords like "14," "cb," "14MC," "packet," "psk31," "sstv," "FSSTV," "MT63," "Lyon," "CIBI," "radio," and "Micro-contact," which collectively define the group's technical scope and geographic base.

Microcontrollers for many ham radio applications including repeater controllers, beacon transmitters, keyers, antenna switches, battery monitors, etc.

The Atmel AVR Butterfly is a credit card sized board which contains an AVR MEGA169 processor, a six character LCD display, a five way joystick navigation switch, a piezo speaker, a 3 volt lithium battery cell for power and a few other odds and ends.