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Understanding Gain differences, j-pole and end-feed vertical antennas.

Centre fed half wave dipoles make great, simple and effective antennas for the HF bands. Sometimes however, the centre feed is not ideal. This great project will improve the overall antenna performance.

An end fed 20 meter half wave antenna

An easy to deploy antenna, commonly considered the best solution for portable operations. Thir article includes a simple LC parallel circuit to match the impedance by IW7EHC

About longwire antennas, technically to be a true longwire an antenna needs to be at least one wavelength long, but common use of the term by Hams is for any random wire length that is end fed.

Optimizing performances of the end-fed antennas QRP quarterly article

A simple and awesome wire monoband antenna, very usefull for portable and dxpeditions usage, consist of two elements, a driver and the reflector. This endfed halfwave gives a very low take off angle and is very suited for chasing DX.

An RSGB article on end-fed wire antennas and the W3EDP alternative.

Practical applications for end-fed antenna transformers and safe, effective grounding

A 5/8 wave antenna, can be fed with ladder line from the center insulator to tuner.

This antenna is intended for the 20-meter Band. There are two Voltage Fed Helical Dipoles, made with 2 slinky that fed with phase shift in 90 degree

This resource details the four primary functions of a ground system: lightning energy dispersion, equipment safety, RF return path provision for end-fed antennas, and management of induced RF currents. It clarifies that a ground system's effectiveness varies depending on its specific function, noting that a good lightning ground might not be an effective RF ground. The content emphasizes that proper antenna system design, including baluns and appropriate feedline lengths, often negates the need for an RF station ground to mitigate common mode currents or RFI in the shack. The article quantifies lightning energy, stating its peak is in the dozens or hundreds of kilohertz, with damaging energy extending to hundreds of megahertz, and currents reaching thousands of amperes. It recommends solid, wide, smooth copper surfaces for ground leads to achieve low impedance across a wide frequency range. The author, W8JI, shares practical insights from his station, which includes two 300-ft towers and four 130-ft wire verticals, detailing his use of common point grounds and _DX Engineering RR-8 HD_ antenna switches for lightning protection without coaxial surge protectors. Specific examples of antenna systems prone to common mode current problems are listed, such as random wire antennas without proper feedline lengths and off-center fed dipoles. The text also explains how a ground screen or radial system can reduce local noise sensitivity for vertically polarized antennas by covering the lossy earth.

An efficient monoband end-fed half wave for 10m, 20m or any other HF band

The X80 multi-band HF vertical antenna, a commercial iteration of the Rybakov design, exhibits a physical length of 5.5 meters, or approximately 18 feet, and is constructed from aluminum tubing. It operates as a non-resonant vertical, requiring an external antenna tuner for impedance matching across its intended operating frequencies. The antenna's design incorporates a 1:4 UNUN at its base, facilitating a nominal 50-ohm feed point impedance for the coaxial cable. Performance observations indicate effective operation on 40 meters, 20 meters, 15 meters, and 10 meters, with reduced efficiency on 80 meters and 160 meters due to its relatively short electrical length for these lower bands. Comparative analysis with a G5RV dipole and a half-wave end-fed antenna reveals the X80 offers a lower take-off angle, beneficial for DX contacts, particularly on the higher HF bands. Field tests conducted with an Icom IC-706MKIIG transceiver and an LDG AT-100ProII autotuner demonstrate the X80's ability to achieve acceptable SWR across 80m through 10m. The antenna's compact footprint and ease of deployment make it suitable for restricted spaces or portable operations, though its performance on 80 meters is noted as a compromise compared to full-size resonant antennas.

This project produces a sturdy tripod for small vertical antenna support using readily available electrical metal tubing (EMT) or conduit

Demonstrates the operational status and reception reports for the SK6RUD/SA6RR QRPP beacons, which transmit on 478.9 kHz, 1995 kHz, 10.131 MHz, and 40.673 MHz. These beacons utilize extremely low power, with the 630-meter beacon operating at approximately 0.1 watt ERP into an L-antenna, showcasing the potential for long-distance contacts under favorable propagation conditions. The site details the specific frequencies and antenna types employed, such as a vertical at 500 kHz and a 1/4 vertical for higher bands. The resource compiles over 10,530 reception reports from amateur radio operators worldwide, logging details such as date, time, band, RST signal report, locator, distance, and receiver setup. Notable long-distance reports include a 500 kHz reception by AA1A-Dave from 5832 km in 2008 and a 10.133 MHz reception by ZL2FT-Jason from 17680 km in 2010, illustrating the global reach of these low-power transmissions. Each log entry provides specific equipment used by the reporting station, including transceivers like the Yaesu FT817, ICOM IC-7300, and various antenna configurations such as coaxial mag loops, inverted Ls, and end-fed wires. The primary objective of the SK6RUD beacons is to challenge conventional notions of power requirements for effective two-way communication, proving that contacts over significant distances are achievable with minimal output. The site also includes a submission form for new reception reports, fostering community engagement and continuous data collection on propagation phenomena across different bands. The detailed logs offer practical insights into real-world propagation characteristics and the efficacy of QRPP operations.

LnR Precision Inc. is a North Carolina based company that specializes in Par EndFedz amateur radio antennas and MantiZ QRP Transceivers. Their most popular products include End-Fed QRP portable antennas and HF FX Series QRP Transceivers.

This web article by VK3BLG details the construction of an experimental 70cm (432 MHz) circularly polarized patch antenna, intended for satellite communication. The resource provides dimensions, feed point specifications, and impedance matching considerations for a single patch element, with discussion extending to array configurations for circular polarization. Construction involves a copper patch element on a dielectric substrate, fed via a coaxial cable. The design is based on information derived from AO-40 satellite antenna specifications, focusing on achieving circular polarization for satellite reception. The article includes specific dimensions for the patch and feed points, along with impedance values. Validation is implied through on-air satellite reception reports, with initial signal reports of **1 S-point above noise** for AO-40 beacons using a grid reflector, improving to **3-4 S-points above noise** with a 2-turn helical feed. The author references a _NanoVNA_ for impedance measurements and discusses the relationship between slot and dipole antennas in the context of patch design. DXZone Focus: Web Article | 70cm Patch Antenna | On-Air Satellite Reception | Circular Polarization

Limiting static surges on dipoles, verticals or end fed antennas

In this experiment the autor is going to explore the use of a 1:64 matching network on the End Fed Long Wire Antenna. Experiment will consist in build a 80-40-20-15-10 meter End Fed Long Wire Antenna with a 1:64 matching network from the documentation available on the internet

The HF horizontal loop has been around for many years now. This article includes a YouTube video and discusses the reasons for looking at this antenna, its design, and its installation. There are some on-air comparisons against three regular double bazooka (coax) dipoles and the Par SWL End-Fed antenna.

A nice post on Make: on homebrewing a multiband antenna for amateur radio portable operations

Stop common-mode current when transmitting with an end-fed antenna. Unbalanced antennas are very prone to currents on the outside of the coax.

This article is about a simple vertical end-fed-half-wave wire antenna for 10 meters that can be used in case of restricted space.

A wire antenna feeded with an unsymmetrical feed and a 1:4 balun can be tuned from 6 to 80 meters band but can be noisier than a dipole and cause RF in the shack

The NB6Zep Antenna, an electrically shortened 80-meter end-fed wire, addresses space constraints for low-band operation by integrating two loading coils into a 37-foot wire. This design, modeled with _EZNEC_, explores configurations like the quarter-wave sloper and inverted-L, with the latter providing a more vertical radiation pattern and practical backyard deployment. The resource details specific coil construction, recommending 21 uH coils made from _BW coil stock #3026_ or similar, and outlines wire segment lengths for optimal tuning. Performance analysis indicates a radiating efficiency of approximately 27% with good ground conductivity, resulting in a signal typically 3-4 dB down compared to a full-size quarter-wave vertical. The antenna exhibits a narrow bandwidth, around 50 kHz, due to its high Q, necessitating a tuner for broader band operation. Feedpoint impedance is low, with ground resistance playing a critical role in achieving a usable SWR. The article emphasizes the importance of an effective ground rod at the feedpoint for proper operation and tuning, suggesting an antenna analyzer for precise adjustments. It confirms the antenna's suitability for DX, citing successful contacts from Oregon to the East Coast and Hawaii on a 160-meter variant, making it a viable option for urban operators seeking low-angle radiation on 80 meters.

An home made end fed half wave antenna with a tuner box by NG0R

A multiband trapped end-fed antenna can cover 20 30 40m bands. An option for portable sota operations were weight end simplicity are essential

An end-fed-half-wave antenna matcher project based on a FT-82-43 core with a 100 pF and 45 pF capacitor in parallel

A review of some portable antennas for SOTA operations, including linked dipoles, end-fed, verticals

Operating a ham station often involves encountering radio frequency interference (RFI), RF feedback, or RF burns, which are frequently misattributed to poor equipment grounding. This resource meticulously dissects these assumptions, asserting that RF grounds on the operating desk often merely mask more significant system flaws. It identifies five primary causes for RF problems, including antenna system design flaws, proximity of the antenna to the operating position, DC power supply ground loops, equipment design defects, and poorly installed connectors or defective cables. The content emphasizes that issues like "hot cabinets" or changes in SWR when connecting a ground indicate substantial RF flowing over wiring or cabinets, a phenomenon known as common-mode current. The article provides detailed explanations of common-mode current generation, particularly from single-wire fed antennas like longwires, random wires, and OCF dipoles, which inherently present high levels of RF in the shack. It also illustrates how vertical antennas, lacking a perfect ground system, can excite feed lines with significant common-mode current. Through simulations, the author demonstrates how a dipole without a proper _balun_ can cause RF problems at the operating desk, showing current patterns and voltage distributions on feed line shields. The discussion extends to the proper application of _RF isolators_ and _ferrite beads_, clarifying their role in modifying common-mode impedance on cable shields and cautioning against their use as a band-aid for fundamental system defects. The resource advocates for correcting the actual source of RF problems, such as antenna system issues or poor connector mounting, rather than relying on internal shack grounding or isolators. It highlights that properly functioning two-conductor feed lines, like coaxial or open-wire lines, should result in minimal RF levels at the operating position, even without a desk RF ground. The author shares personal experience, noting that his stations since the late 1970s have operated without RF grounds at the desks, relying instead on proper antenna system design and feed line integrity.

The page provides detailed instructions on how to build a 60 meter End Fed Half Wave Antenna Tuner, with large pictures and diagrams. It is aimed at amateur radio operators looking to construct their own antennas for the 60 meter band.

KB6NU end-fed, half-wave antenna article and project

Article about an end-fed anntenna for the 17 and 12 WARC Bands. 30 meters is not included in this project. This antenna includes a 14 windings unun impedance transformer using a FT-140-43 ferrite toroid, that should be enought for a 100W PEP.

1:49 UNUN using two stacked FT240-43 cores for end fed halfwave antenna. To match the end fed half wave antenna to the coaxial feeder, it is necessary to have a matching network or transmission line transformer.

Two different ways to create autotransformer for end fed half wave wire antennas, by using ferrite or air core.

If you like building good antennas, this one is for you. The J-pole is a slim, omnidirectional, half-wave antenna fed at the end through a quarter-wave shorted transmission line. Its predecessor is the famous Zepp antenna developed for the Zeppelin airship.

A trapped multi band end-fed-half-wave antenna for 40/30/20/17/15m.

A very well done presentation about End-Fed Half-Wave antennas. This PDF document contains a summary of experiences in how to build custom EFHW antennas. Includes an interesting comparison table of UnUn configurations with recommended toroids, Wire size, turns and capacitors. An useful recap on common errors in building homebrew EFHW Ununs completes the document.

The standard J-Pole antenna is a end fed 1/2 wavelength antenna, in this article is explained also how to build an expanded Super J Pole that provides about 4.5 dbd gain. These antennas can be built from EMT electric conduit pipe

A multi band antenna for HF band capable to operate from 10 to 80 meters band depending on wire lenght loaded with a small inductance neat the feed end.

Designing and constructing a two-element receiving loop antenna array for HF operation involves specific considerations for achieving high directivity and noise reduction. This resource details a homebrew system comprising two 30-inch diamond-shaped loops, spaced 20 feet apart, which are fed through mast-mounted preamplifiers and passive signal combiners. The operational principle relies on adjusting phase delays between elements via precise _Belden 8241_ coaxial cable lengths, optimized for specific bands from 160m to 20m. Performance data, derived from _EZ-NEC_ modeling, illustrates consistent 90° azimuth-plane beamwidth and low take-off angles across the target bands, with _Receiving Directivity Factor_ (RDF) values comparable to a 300-foot Beverage antenna. The article presents detailed elevation and azimuth plots for 20m, 30m, 40m, 80m, and 160m, demonstrating the array's ability to provide strong response at low DX angles while also supporting _NVIS_ signals. Key components like the _DX Engineering RPA-1_ preamplifier and _DXE RSC-2_ signal combiner are discussed, alongside the importance of impedance matching to preserve antenna patterns. The construction emphasizes self-contained elements that do not require ground radials, offering a compact solution suitable for suburban environments and stealth installations, with a focus on optimizing receive performance independently from transmit antennas.

Maker of small and compact multiband QRP UltraLight Magnetic Loop Antennas and UnUn transformer for end-fed multiband antennas

Amateur radio antennas manufacturer based in Italy. Produces HF end-fed, dipoles, and other wire antenna types, mono band and multi band antennas.

The ZS1J/B beacon operates on 28.2025 MHz with 5 Watts output to a half-wave, end-fed vertical antenna, initially installed in 1977 as ZS5VHF near Durban. The 10-meter transmitter is a modified 23-channel CB radio, and the identification keyer uses a diode matrix unit with TTL ICs from the same era. After relocation to Plettenberg Bay in 1993, the beacon has been in continuous service, with additional QRP transmitters later installed for other bands. In 1994, a single-transistor, 80-meter, 0.5-watt QRP transmitter with a half-wave dipole was added on 3586 kHz, followed by a 160-meter, 0.5-watt unit on 1817 kHz. A 30-meter, 0.5-watt transmitter was installed in 1996, operating on 10.124 MHz. In 2002, a 40-meter QRRP beacon on 7029 kHz, with an output of 100 microwatts, achieved DX reports up to 1100 km from ZS6UT in Pretoria. Best DX reports for the 80m and 160m beacons came from 9J2BO.

Constructing an End-Fed Half-Wave (EFHW) antenna offers a practical solution for HF operators seeking a multiband wire antenna without the need for extensive radial systems. This design typically employs a high-impedance transformer at the feed point, matching the antenna's inherent high impedance to a 50-ohm coaxial feedline. The article specifically details a 2012 approach, focusing on a transformer with a 49:1 turns ratio, which is a common configuration for EFHW antennas. The resource outlines the construction of a wire element cut for a half-wavelength on the lowest desired band, with specific coil arrangements enabling operation on harmonically related bands such as 40m, 20m, and 10m. It discusses the physical dimensions and winding details for the matching transformer, often utilizing a ferrite toroid core to achieve the necessary impedance transformation. The content provides insights into the operational principles and practical considerations for deploying such an antenna, including methods for tuning and optimizing performance across multiple amateur radio bands. While acknowledging that the presented information from 2012 may be superseded by newer insights, it serves as a foundational reference for understanding EFHW antenna theory and construction.

An interesting article on end fed half-wave wire antennas with a couple of original experiments. Author illustrate the role of the QRP matchbox, and a 40/20 meter antenna with a center stub making it a large bandwidth antenna for 40 and 20. Includes also an 80/40 end fed with the typical coil to make it available on 80 merts band.

A home made end-fed half-wave antenna coupler with antenna lenght calculator and counterpoise calculator based on center frequency. Includes pictures and drawings along to antenna homebrewing instructions with a home made on air wound transformer

Author experiments end fed half wave antennas using common two conductore speaker wire, this article features a couple of end-fed halfwave wires for the 40M and 20M bands.

Ultimax antennas manufacturer of amateur radio End-Fed and bazooka antennas made in USA