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Official MixW website where you can download latest version and options for MixW, a widely used multimode software suite for amateur radio operators. The website provides access to various versions of the core MixW application, including legacy releases like Mix 2.21 for MS DOS and more recent iterations up to MixW version 3.2.105. Users can also obtain essential add-ons such as the **Olivia** support DLL, **Q15X25** support DLL, contest DLLs, and serial port emulation drivers. Detailed instructions are provided for Olivia mode operation, emphasizing the critical need for sound card sample rate calibration to ensure proper decoding and signal placement within specific frequency grids to minimize QRM. The page also links to external resources for localized help files in Spanish, Italian, French, German, and Polish, catering to a global user base. An alternative download page by G3VFP is also listed. MixW supports new transceivers for CAT control, including Yaesu FT-991, FT-1200, FT-3000, and Icom IC-7100, IC-7300, IC-7410, IC-7851. It also features an online callbook via QRZ.com.

CHIRP is a free, open-source, cross-platform radio programming tool that supports a large number of transceivers from manufacturers such as Icom, Kenwood, Yaesu, Alinco, Wouxun, Puxing, and Baofeng. Chirp radio software run on Windows, Linux, and macOS, enabling users to exchange data between different radio models and interface with multiple data sources and formats. The program streamlines the configuration of memory channels, frequencies, and various settings for amateur radio handhelds. Specific models supported include the _Icom IC-7300_, _Kenwood TH-D74_, and _Yaesu FT-818_, among many others. CHIRP provides compatibility with various file formats, including Generic CSV, RT Systems CSV, ARRL Travel Plus (.tpe), and manufacturer-specific formats like Kenwood KPG-44D (.dat) and Icom Data Files (.icf). Additionally, it integrates with the DMR-MARC Database for enhanced programming capabilities. Users can download CHIRP for their platform and access extensive documentation, including a FAQ and a mailing list for support. The project encourages users to consult existing documentation and open/closed tickets before submitting new bug reports or feature requests.

CW Skimmer 2.1 employs a high-sensitivity CW decoding algorithm based on Bayesian statistics, enabling simultaneous decoding of up to 700 CW signals within a receiver's passband on a 3-GHz P4 system when paired with a wideband receiver. The software features a fast waterfall display with sufficient resolution for visual Morse Code interpretation, automatically extracting and labeling callsigns on the waterfall traces. Extracted callsigns are exported as DX cluster spots via an integrated Telnet cluster server. The application includes a DSP processor with a noise blanker, AGC, and a variable-bandwidth CW filter, alongside an I/Q Recorder and player. It supports both 3 kHz radio passbands and wideband SDR receivers like SoftRock, RF Space SDR-IQ/SDR-14, SRL QuickSilver (QS1R), HPSDR Mercury, and Microtelecom Perseus. System requirements specify Windows XP/7/8/10 (32-bit or 64-bit), a Pentium-4 2.5 GHz for wideband operation or 1 GHz for 3-kHz radios, a COM port for CAT control, and a stereo sound card supporting 48 kHz sampling. It integrates with Elecraft KX3, Icom IC-7300/IC-7610, and Flex 6000 series radios, with documentation available for various setup configurations.

Over 65 years of radio manufacturing experience underpins Icom's extensive product line, ranging from handheld VHF/UHF transceivers to sophisticated HF base stations. The company's global website serves as a central hub for product information, technical specifications, and support resources for its diverse range of communication equipment. Hams can explore detailed specifications for popular models like the _IC-7300_ and the _IC-9700_, alongside commercial and marine radio offerings. The site provides access to product catalogs, firmware updates, and user manuals, ensuring operators have the necessary documentation for their Icom gear. Information on new product releases and technological advancements in radio communication is regularly updated, reflecting the company's ongoing commitment to innovation in the amateur radio market. Icom's presence extends across various radio segments, including D-STAR digital voice, marine, avionics, and land mobile, demonstrating a broad engineering capability beyond just amateur radio.

Over 40 years of experience inform the reviews and commentary presented on Dave's Radio Receiver Page, covering a wide array of radio receivers and transceivers. The resource details specific models such as the **ICOM IC-R8600** SDR Communications Receiver, which is lauded as Icom's best wide-band receiver, even surpassing the IC-R9500 in performance. Other notable reviews include the ICOM IC-7300 HF Transceiver, highlighting its direct sampling SDR technology and spectrum scope capabilities, alongside numerous models from Japan Radio Co. (JRC), Kenwood, Yaesu, and various portable shortwave receivers. The content provides practical insights into the performance and characteristics of each radio, often drawing comparisons between models. For instance, the early issues with the AOR AR7030 receiver's Bourns mechanical encoders are thoroughly documented, including AOR's eventual switch to higher-quality Alps encoders. The page also features reviews of antennas like the MFJ-1026 Noise Canceling Signal Enhancer and various power supplies, offering a holistic view of radio monitoring setups. The author's "2 ear / 2 eye method" emphasizes real-world listening experiences over laboratory measurements, providing a unique perspective on equipment utility.

The ICOM IC-7300 is a cutting-edge HF transceiver that has garnered significant attention since its release. This review, published by ARRL in QST, provides an in-depth analysis of its features, performance, and usability. The IC-7300 is known for its direct sampling technology, which enhances its sensitivity and selectivity, making it a favorite among amateur radio operators. The review covers various aspects, including the user interface, audio quality, and overall operational capabilities, providing valuable insights for both new and experienced hams. In addition to its technical specifications, the review discusses the IC-7300's performance in real-world scenarios, such as DXing and contesting. It highlights the transceiver's ability to handle weak signals and its versatility across different modes. The review serves as a helpful guide for those considering the IC-7300 for their station, offering a balanced perspective on its strengths and potential drawbacks. Overall, this review is an essential resource for anyone interested in the ICOM IC-7300 and its place in the amateur radio landscape.

The Icom IC-7300 is a popular HF transceiver among amateur radio operators, known for its advanced features and performance. This modification guide focuses on enabling extended transmission capabilities, specifically for MARS and CAP frequencies. The instructions are based on the work of PA2DB and include detailed steps for removing specific diodes to unlock additional frequency ranges. Before proceeding with the modification, users are advised to take necessary precautions, such as ensuring the radio is powered off and using ESD protection. The guide emphasizes the importance of using appropriate soldering techniques and tools to avoid damaging sensitive components. A video demonstration is also provided to assist users visually in performing the mod. While this modification can enhance the functionality of the IC-7300, it is crucial to note that it may void the warranty and should be undertaken at the operator's own risk. The guide serves as a valuable resource for those looking to expand their operating capabilities with this versatile transceiver.

With over 20 years of experience, Proyecto 4 operates as a specialized ham radio retailer in Madrid, Spain, providing a diverse inventory of transceivers, antennas, and related accessories. The store features popular models like the _ICOM IC-705_ and _ICOM IC-7300MK2_, alongside Yaesu transceivers such as the _FTX-1 Optima_, which delivers 100W on HF and 50W on V/UHF bands. The product range includes mobile and portable antennas, such as the D-Original DX-NR770HB, offering 3 dB gain on 144 MHz and 5.5 dB on 430 MHz, and the Diamond RH-770 with a BNC connector. CB radio enthusiasts can find the Anytone CB SMART II AM/FM transceptor and the Telecom LS145 mobile antenna, rated for 500W and 4 dB gain on 26-30 MHz. Proyecto 4 emphasizes its in-house technical service, inviting customers to visit their laboratory for repairs and technical consultations via sergio@proyecto4.com. The store also highlights customer reviews and offers promotions like Yaesu Cashback, providing savings up to 100€.

In this youtube video G8GKC M0KKW and 2E0IAJ from Icom UK give a global overview of the ICOM IC-7300 HF 50 70MHz Software Defined Radio transceiver

This tutorial provides step-by-step instructions for setting up the ICOM IC-7300 to work with WinLink and WinMor. The process begins with downloading the necessary USB driver from ICOM Japan, followed by configuring the radio settings through the menu. Key settings include selecting the correct output and data modes, as well as ensuring the USB serial function is properly set. Once the radio is connected to the PC via USB, the drivers will install automatically, allowing for seamless communication. After confirming the installation of the USB Audio CODEC and COM port, users are guided to download the RMS Client Software for WinLink. The tutorial emphasizes the importance of understanding the WinLink system and provides links to additional resources for setup. Finally, it details how to configure the WinMor modem settings, ensuring the ICOM IC-7300 is ready for effective digital communication. This guide is essential for operators looking to enhance their digital capabilities using the IC-7300.

The Receiver Test Data resource is a detailed review database focusing on the performance metrics of various radio receivers. The methodology involves rigorous lab measurements, often adhering to standards such as the ARRL RMDR (Reciprocal Mixing Dynamic Range) and BDR (Blocking Dynamic Range). Specific test equipment and protocols are utilized to assess parameters like noise floor (dBm), AGC threshold (uV), and LO noise (dBc/Hz). For example, the _Icom IC-7300_ is evaluated with a noise floor of **-133 dBm** and an LO noise of **-141 dBc/Hz**, providing insights into its performance under different operational conditions. The resource includes a wide range of models, from the _Elecraft K3S_ to the _Yaesu FTdx-101D_, each tested for dynamic range, sensitivity, and selectivity. The data is sorted by key metrics such as third-order dynamic range and phase noise limitations, with RMDR values calculated by subtracting 27 dB from LO noise figures. This structured approach allows users to compare different receivers' capabilities, focusing on technical specifications and performance outcomes in various scenarios. DXZone Focus: Review Database | Lab Measurements | -133 dBm | ARRL RMDR

Demonstrates the operational status and reception reports for the SK6RUD/SA6RR QRPP beacons, which transmit on 478.9 kHz, 1995 kHz, 10.131 MHz, and 40.673 MHz. These beacons utilize extremely low power, with the 630-meter beacon operating at approximately 0.1 watt ERP into an L-antenna, showcasing the potential for long-distance contacts under favorable propagation conditions. The site details the specific frequencies and antenna types employed, such as a vertical at 500 kHz and a 1/4 vertical for higher bands. The resource compiles over 10,530 reception reports from amateur radio operators worldwide, logging details such as date, time, band, RST signal report, locator, distance, and receiver setup. Notable long-distance reports include a 500 kHz reception by AA1A-Dave from 5832 km in 2008 and a 10.133 MHz reception by ZL2FT-Jason from 17680 km in 2010, illustrating the global reach of these low-power transmissions. Each log entry provides specific equipment used by the reporting station, including transceivers like the Yaesu FT817, ICOM IC-7300, and various antenna configurations such as coaxial mag loops, inverted Ls, and end-fed wires. The primary objective of the SK6RUD beacons is to challenge conventional notions of power requirements for effective two-way communication, proving that contacts over significant distances are achievable with minimal output. The site also includes a submission form for new reception reports, fostering community engagement and continuous data collection on propagation phenomena across different bands. The detailed logs offer practical insights into real-world propagation characteristics and the efficacy of QRPP operations.

The Icom IC-7300 is a popular HF transceiver among amateur radio operators, known for its advanced features and ease of use. However, integrating it with software like Ham Radio Deluxe (HRD) can be challenging due to compatibility issues. This guide provides step-by-step instructions on how to configure the IC-7300 to work seamlessly with HRD 5.24, the last freeware version available. It covers the installation of necessary drivers, setting up virtual COM ports, and configuring audio settings for digital modes. To begin, users must download and install the Icom USB driver, which creates a virtual serial COM port for communication between the radio and the computer. The guide details how to check for this new port and adjust the CI-V address settings to ensure proper communication. It also explains how to set up the soundcard settings in HRD for digital modes, allowing operators to transmit and receive audio effectively. Following these instructions will enable IC-7300 owners to maximize their radio's capabilities with HRD.

PDF document for IC-7300 beginners. The ICOM IC-7300 is an HF + 6 meter, multi-mode, self-contained Software Defined Radio (SDR) transceiver with knobs, buttons and a touch screen. It also has a real-time spectrum display with pan adapter and water fall displays.

An early review of the Icom IC-7300 HF + 6M Transceiver includes four videos demonstrating reception on 40 meters band

How to interface the Icom IC-7300 to RF Power amplifiers. Menu settings, cable connections and recommendations on how to avodi common errors that could even damage either the amplifier or the IC-7300

Yaesu FTDX10 vs. ICOM IC-7300 Comparison Chart and review of reception performances

Icom IC-7300 english brochure, technical specifications and product description

A very informative review of the Icom IC-7300 direct RF sampling transceiver, including audio samples, recordings and a comparison vs the Elecraft KX3

Windows PC control program for the Icom IC-7300 transceiver. Power-on and Power-off by software BktNetInterface for JTDX and WSJT-X, audio recording, memory management, cw keyer management, Interface for other software

Portable Zero LLC manufactures amateur radio accessories, including tactical carrying systems and battery pack systems. The company produces the _Escort_ series Tactical Carrying System for _Yaesu_ FT-857D/891, FT-991, FT-817/818ND, and _Icom_ IC-706/703/7000, IC-7300 transceivers, available in Black Texture and OD Green. Additional products include the _Sherpa Pack_ for the _Yaesu_ FT-817 and the Field Power 12 and Field Power 3 Battery Cases. Portable Zero LLC, established no later than **2013**, manufactures its products in the USA, utilizing CAD design and CNC precision laser cutting. DXZone Focus: Portable Zero LLC | Tactical Carrying Systems | Battery Pack Systems | Yaesu | Icom

Jose B Rivera, N2LRB, shares his initial experiences with the Icom IC-7300, recounting a shift from skepticism to appreciation for the transceiver. He details how the radio's impressive Sherwood Engineering test results, ranking it #12, significantly influenced his decision, especially considering its competitive price point against higher-end options like the Elecraft K3s. The review highlights the IC-7300's strong receive capabilities, a key factor in N2LRB's purchasing decision, and notes the advantages of its SDR architecture for future updates. He describes the straightforward setup process, from unboxing and connecting PowerPole connectors to making a first contact with N0HQ, a special event station. N2LRB expresses satisfaction with the radio's clear audio and ease of tuning, even if the pan-adapter's utility for his operating style remains to be fully explored. He concludes that the IC-7300 offers exceptional value, providing SDR features and receive performance comparable to more expensive rigs at half the cost.

The Icom IC-7300 is a groundbreaking Software Defined Radio (SDR) transceiver that revolutionizes the way amateur radio operators interact with the spectrum. With its large 4.3-inch color TFT LCD touch screen, users can easily navigate through various functions, including real-time spectrum scope and high-resolution waterfall displays. This allows for quick adjustments and enhanced signal awareness, making it easier to find and engage in QSOs. The touch screen interface provides a modern approach to radio operation, replacing traditional buttons with virtual controls that can be accessed with a simple touch. In addition to its user-friendly interface, the IC-7300 boasts advanced features such as IF-DSP filtering, audio scope functions, and a multi-dial knob that combines tactile control with touch screen flexibility. These capabilities enable operators to visualize signals and make precise adjustments to their settings, ensuring optimal performance during contests or casual operating. The IC-7300 is designed for both beginners and experienced hams, making it a versatile addition to any shack. Its innovative design and functionality truly embody the spirit of modern amateur radio.

The Ultimate Control Software for the IC-7300, IC-7610, IC-7600, IC-7850, IC-7851 and Others is a control software suite that includes additional interesting features such as support for the built in Spectrum Scope, Audio monitors, Shortwave DB, CW Terminal, Clublog Spotting, Memory management, interface to Ham Radio Deluxe Logbook, DM780, n1mm+, log4om, DXLab and other. Runs on Windows OS, commercial licence.

Wfview is a program that allows many modern Icom ham radio transceivers (such as the IC-7300, IC-9700, IC-7610, IC-R8600 and many others) to be controlled via a computer. wfview shows the gorgeous spectrum display on whatever display is connected, including projectors, touch screens, and TVs. wfview allows for full radio control from a computer keyboard and basic control from a numeric keypad. It works under Windows, Linux and MacOS

It is possible to add a very small Bluetooth transmitter to the 3.5mm headphone jack and then use a pair of Bluetooth headphones around the shack. In this article Author provides some tips on choosing the proper Bluetooth interface.

The _Icom IC-7300_ transceiver, a popular SDR rig, can be readily configured for digital modes like FT8 using _WSJT-X_ software. This guide details the necessary steps, from downloading the correct version of WSJT-X to configuring the radio's USB audio and CAT control settings. It emphasizes a straightforward approach, aiming to simplify the often complex initial setup for new digital mode operators. K0PIR shares his practical experience, outlining the specific menu settings on the IC-7300, such as USB SEND/DPT and USB MOD LEVEL, which are crucial for proper signal modulation and transmission. The resource also covers the integration of WSJT-X's built-in logging capabilities, streamlining the process of recording digital contacts without needing external logging software immediately. This setup allows for efficient operation on various HF bands. Two embedded videos further illustrate the configuration process, providing visual aids for each step, from initial software installation to making the first FT8 contact. The author's method focuses on minimizing common setup hurdles.

The Icom IC-7300 is a popular SDR transceiver known for its excellent performance in ham bands. However, users have reported issues with reception reliability outside these bands due to ADC aliasing. This phenomenon occurs when the sampling rate of the radio interacts with frequencies outside the intended range, leading to unwanted signals being received. For instance, when tuned between 30 to 36 MHz, users may inadvertently pick up WFM broadcast signals or PMR communications due to aliasing effects. This guide outlines modifications to improve the IC-7300's performance by addressing the low-pass filter design, which is crucial for reducing interference from these unwanted signals. The proposed modifications involve adjusting the low-pass filter on the PA unit to better attenuate frequencies that cause aliasing. Measurements indicate that the original filter design allows significant signal leakage, leading to false receptions. By implementing the suggested changes, users can achieve a notable reduction in unwanted signals, enhancing the overall functionality of the IC-7300. While the modification requires careful soldering, the benefits in performance make it a worthwhile endeavor for serious operators looking to optimize their SDR experience.

Despite the model limitations, such as a single TXRX antenna connector, the author shares a reversible modification involving a coax relay for enhanced functionality, demonstrating the transceiver's adaptability and customization potential.

This page includes an interesting and comprehensive review of the ICOM IC-7300 SDR HF / 50 MHz transceiver. The author focuses on many aspects of this transceiver with impressions based on his experience

Presents two distinct hardware modifications for the Icom IC-7300 transceiver, detailing the necessary steps for each. The first modification, a _MARS_ transmit expansion, involves the physical removal of specific surface-mount diodes (D422) from the main board, enabling transmit capabilities across a broader frequency range, including out-of-band frequencies. It specifies the diode location on US versions of the IC-7300 and suggests using small diagonal cutters if a soldering iron is not preferred or available. The second modification focuses on the internal antenna tuner, aiming to provide wider impedance matching capabilities. This involves adding a **100k ohm** resistor to a designated point within the tuner circuit. The resource also briefly mentions a microphone modification for the _HM219_ and a general power increase, though without specific instructions for the latter two. It emphasizes safety precautions, such as disconnecting power and inspecting the work area.

Adjust date and time of your Icom transceiver from a Windows PC. Compatible with IC-705, IC-7100, IC-7300, IC-7610, IC-7600, IC-7851 (7850), and, IC-9700

This **PDF report** documents a _maritime mobile_ DXpedition operating from the _Southern Ocean_ near Antarctica, detailing antenna deployment strategies on a sailing vessel. It addresses power management systems for remote operations and propagation characteristics specific to polar regions on **20m and 40m** bands. Operational strategies include managing high-density pileups using split frequency operation and maintaining signal integrity during periods of high aurora activity. Equipment considerations cover specific transceiver models like the Icom IC-7300, antenna types optimized for marine vessel installation, and battery power systems for extended periods without shore power. The resource also examines the use of satellite communication for real-time log uploads and QSL confirmation from remote locations, and discusses mitigating signal degradation from ice accumulation on antennas. DXZone Focus: PDF report | Maritime Mobile DXpedition | Polar Propagation | Split Frequency Operation

The article "Icom IC7300 RTC Fix" details the meticulous repair of an Icom IC-7300's faulty real-time clock (RTC). The author and a friend, Nacho, discovered the RTC was gaining an unacceptable 11 seconds per day. Investigations revealed the Seiko Epson RX8803LC RTC was far outside its specified stability. Despite replacing the RTC and a burned pullup resistor, the transceiver still malfunctioned, leading to the replacement of the processor. Post-repair, the clock's accuracy improved significantly, now gaining only 1.4 seconds per month. This narrative underscores the complexities of electronic repairs and the satisfaction of resolving intricate issues.

A dual insert microphone design for the Icom IC-7300 transceiver utilizes a **Besson BZ2400 M4 Rocking Armature** insert for frequencies from 500 Hz to 3 kHz, exhibiting a rising response of approximately 11 dB. A generic Electret Condenser insert, powered by the transceiver's microphone line, covers the low-frequency range from 100 Hz to 500 Hz. A Low Pass Filter is incorporated after the Electret insert to prevent frequency overlap, and a pre-set potentiometer (VR1) adjusts the low-frequency response, balancing the output of both inserts. The design emphasizes a "Close Talking" arrangement and addresses audio "colorization" by housing the Besson insert in a thick rubber holder with a foam boot, separate from the circuitry, with the Electret insert also wrapped in a foam boot. Critical importance is placed on using the correct BZ2400 M4 insert with 12 holes in its face plate. The frequency response table for the BZ2400 M4 insert shows 0 dB at 500 Hz, rising to +11 dB at 3000 Hz, while the Electret insert with the Low Pass Filter provides 0 dB at 100 Hz, rolling off to -9 dB at 500 Hz and -50 dB at 3000 Hz. This combination ensures a broad, balanced audio spectrum for SSB operation. The project includes a circuit diagram, a comprehensive parts list detailing components like a 1 Henry iron-cored inductor (L1) and various capacitors, and a board layout within the metal tube. The completed unit provides a tailored audio profile for the IC-7300, enhancing transmit audio quality.

The Icom IC-7300 transceiver's stock cooling fan, a 12VDC unit typically run at 6VDC with a 10VDC transmit kick, is often perceived as noisy. This modification replaces the original fan with a **Noctua NF-A8 PWM** fan, which is described as "silent" even during the initial 10V transmit kick. The resource provides specific wiring details, noting black for negative and yellow for positive connections, and suggests using readily available 2-pin fan plugs for a clean installation. This fan replacement significantly reduces operational noise, improving the user experience of the IC-7300. The Noctua NF-A8 PWM fan is available for under £20 in the UK, making it an accessible upgrade. The modification is presented as a straightforward process, enhancing the rig's acoustic profile without compromising cooling efficiency, based on the experience of Bjorn Eklund, **SM7IUN**.

The TY0RU DXpedition to Benin in 2022 achieved over **100,000 QSOs** from Cotonou, IOTA AF-051, operating across 160m through 6m bands using CW, SSB, and FT8 modes. The operation involved a team of 12 operators, including _F5RAV_, _F4WBN_, and _F1TCV_, utilizing multiple stations with transceivers like the Icom IC-7300 and IC-7610, paired with amplifiers and various antennas such as verticals, dipoles, and a 4-square array for 40m. The expedition's log is available on Club Log, supporting OQRS for both direct and bureau QSLs, with F5RAV serving as the QSL manager. The site details the team's travel, setup, and operational challenges, including local conditions and equipment deployment, offering insights into the logistical complexities of activating a rare DXCC entity. Donors are acknowledged, and a photo gallery documents the activity.

Demonstrates an **Arduino-based** solution for the Icom IC-7300 transceiver, specifically addressing the operational inconvenience of switching between a CW paddle and a straight key. The project leverages the IC-7300's **CI-V bus** (Computer Interface 5) to provide instant keyer type selection and two preset power levels, bypassing the rig's menu system which otherwise requires eight button presses. This implementation utilizes the 3.5mm CI-V connector, leaving the USB port free for CAT control and the internal soundcard, a critical design choice for integrated station setups. The system's utility is particularly evident for CW operators who frequently alternate between keying methods during contesting or general operating. The article details the hardware setup, including an Arduino Nano, a 3.5mm jack for CI-V, and pushbuttons for control. An update in 2023 expanded the project to incorporate an 8-button Nintendo controller, enhancing user interface flexibility and demonstrating the adaptability of the initial design for further customization and feature integration.

Presents an online retail platform for amateur radio operators, showcasing a diverse inventory of equipment and accessories. The site lists popular transceivers such as the _Icom IC-7300_ and _Icom IC-7610_, alongside various antenna solutions including base, HT, mobile, and end-fed designs. Operators can find coaxial cable, including bulk options and products from "The Wire Man," essential for shack setup. The platform also stocks crimping and stripping tools, adapters, and power supplies, crucial for station maintenance and construction. Test equipment like _RigExpert Analyzers_ and accessories such as Daiwa meters and _West Mountain Radio_ Power Poles are available. Additionally, the site offers software from _Ham Radio Deluxe_ and _RT Systems_, catering to logging and radio programming needs. Shipping policies include free shipping on C.Crane Radios and most orders over $100.00 within the lower 48 states, providing clear purchasing incentives.