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CwGet v2.55 is a software application for amateur radio operators designed to decode Morse code (CW) signals into text using a standard computer sound card, eliminating the need for specialized hardware. The program features a customizable interface with a spectrum display for visualizing signal frequencies and peaks, an oscillogram for monitoring signal presence and setting detection thresholds, and a received symbols window for displaying decoded text. Key functionalities include Automatic Frequency Control (AFC) to lock onto signals, adjustable FIR and IIR filters for noise reduction, and a burst filter to mitigate short noise impulses. It also supports automatic CW speed detection, multiple character sets, and the ability to record and replay received audio. Integration with logging software like AALog is facilitated through double-click word transfer, and transceiver frequency control is possible via the Omni-Rig interface, allowing for automatic tuning of the radio's VFO or RIT. The multi-channel decoder feature can simultaneously decode up to five strong signals within a 1600 Hz bandwidth, displayed in a separate Multi-RX Window with an adjustable squelch. CwGet also offers the capability to decode signals from pre-recorded WAVE files and can function as a narrow-band sound DSP filter for aural decoding. This is a commercial version and it has been tested on latest MS Winows versions.

Logger32 is a well-established amateur radio logging program designed primarily for DXers who require a flexible and data-driven logging environment. The software maintains a comprehensive logbook database capable of handling large volumes of QSOs while offering detailed tracking of DXCC entities, awards, and band/mode statistics. One of the core strengths of Logger32 is its DX cluster integration. The program connects to telnet DX clusters and displays spots in real time, with filtering options by band, mode, country, or callsign. The cluster window can automatically highlight needed DXCC entities, band-fills, or new modes based on the operator’s log. Logger32 also provides rig control through CAT interfaces, supporting a wide range of transceivers via serial or USB connections. When properly configured, frequency and mode are automatically captured in the log entry window. The software supports digital mode integration through external applications and can exchange information using standard interfaces. Another important feature is its award tracking system, including DXCC, WAS, IOTA and other common amateur radio awards. The program calculates worked, confirmed, and needed entities with detailed reports. Logger32 supports ADIF import and export, allowing interoperability with other logging systems. It also includes QSL management, with tracking for bureau, direct, and electronic confirmations such as LoTW or eQSL when configured. Overall, Logger32 remains a technically capable logging solution focused on DX tracking, cluster awareness, and detailed statistical analysis of operating activity.

Monitoring shortwave broadcast stations effectively requires accurate schedule information to identify transmissions. This online utility offers a straightforward, graphical interface designed to search for and display current shortwave radio broadcasting schedules. Users can precisely filter results by frequency, specific language, broadcaster, time of day, and even by shortwave band, which simplifies the process of pinpointing desired content. The database, last updated on March 26, 2023, details station callsigns (e.g., BBC), start and end times in UTC, days of the week, broadcast language, transmitter power in kilowatts, and azimuth. Crucially, it includes the precise geographical coordinates of transmitter sites, such as Woofferton in the UK or Al Seela in Oman. This data is invaluable for predicting signal paths and optimizing antenna direction for improved reception, a key consideration for serious SWLs. For instance, a search for BBC English broadcasts at 21:04 GMT quickly reveals multiple active frequencies like 17780 kHz from Woofferton, offering a clear overview of current transmissions. The tool processes queries rapidly, returning results within seconds, demonstrating its efficiency for broadcast listening enthusiasts seeking timely information.

Over 25,000 amplifiers and sub-assemblies were produced by Angle Linear for the communications industry over a 40-year period. The company specialized in **high-linearity RF products**, focusing on preamplifiers, bandpass filters, and receiver multicouplers. Specific product lines included PHEMT and GaAs FET preamplifiers, offering both quadrature and single-ended configurations for various signal levels. The offerings encompassed coaxial and combline bandpass filters, along with integrated filter-preamplifier assemblies. The company also provided custom RF assemblies, addressing applications such as MRI preamplifiers, passive radar, and EME (moon bounce). Their product range covered VHF and UHF frequencies, including specific designs for 2m, 70cm, and 23cm bands, often featuring high IP3 performance. Technical documentation, such as filtering application notes and duplexer theory, was also associated with their product offerings.

Log4OM is a free logging software designed for amateur radio operators who require an integrated environment for station management and QSO logging. It is widely used by DXers due to its strong database capabilities and its integration with common online services. The program uses a structured SQL database and supports large logbooks without noticeable performance degradation. One of its key features is **CAT Control**, which allows direct communication with many transceivers for automatic frequency and mode detection. The **DX Cluster Client** provides real-time spotting with filtering and band/mode tracking, helping operators quickly identify new DX opportunities. Log4OM integrates with several external confirmation systems. Built-in support for **Logbook of The World (LoTW)** and **eQSL** allows automatic upload and download of confirmations. The software also includes **Award Tracking**, enabling operators to monitor progress toward DXCC and other award programs directly from the log. Additional capabilities include **Callbook lookup** via services such as QRZ, **ADIF import/export**, and customizable **QSL management** for both electronic and paper cards. The interface is modular, with panels that can be arranged depending on operating preferences. Log4OM does not include integrated digital mode engines, so digital operation normally relies on external programs such as WSJT-X or FLdigi connected through standard interfaces. Overall, Log4OM provides a comprehensive logging environment suitable for both casual operation and serious DX chasing, with a feature set comparable to many commercial logging applications.

Demonstrates BBLogger, a **freeware** logging application designed for both amateur radio operators and Short Wave Listeners (SWLs). Developed by IK2VIW, IZ2BKT, and IK2UVR, this software provides comprehensive station management capabilities, including **CAT control** for various transceivers, integration with digital mode software like WSJT-X, JTDX, and MSHV, and robust QSL management features. The application supports a wide array of functions such as DX cluster interfacing, mapping, awards tracking (including custom awards), and direct integration with services like LoTW, eQSL.cc, and ClubLog for QSL confirmations and OQRS requests. It also includes utilities for ADIF to CSV conversion and vice-versa, catering to diverse logging and data management needs. Recent updates, such as version 13.1, introduce a web server for log management from any device, allowing remote access and control. The software has improved ADIF import capabilities, including time settings for duplicate QSO detection, and enhanced filtering options for log searches. Performance improvements include faster automatic updates and manager database synchronization, along with optimized log checking at startup. Earlier versions added support for FT8 and FT4 modes, refined OQRS integration with ClubLog, and expanded QSL/label printing functionalities, enabling users to select specific callsign types (OM, SWL) for printing. The developers emphasize compatibility with Windows 10/11 for full functionality, noting limitations when running on older operating systems like Windows 7 due to modern security protocol requirements.

Facilitates efficient logging of amateur radio contacts, offering a robust solution for hams managing their station activities. The software integrates _CAT control_ capabilities, allowing direct interfacing with popular transceivers from manufacturers like Yaesu, Icom, and Kenwood. This feature streamlines the logging process by automatically capturing frequency, mode, and other QSO details directly from the radio, reducing manual entry errors and improving operational efficiency during contests or DXing. _HAM-LCT_ includes a comprehensive database, enabling users to store and retrieve contact information, QSL data, and other relevant details for each QSO. The program supports various operating modes and provides tools for searching and filtering log entries, which is beneficial for award tracking and station analysis. Its design focuses on providing a user-friendly interface for everyday logging tasks. While the original author, _HB9CQV_, has discontinued development of HAM-LCT in favor of a newer logging application, this version remains available as a functional freeware option for Windows users seeking a dedicated logbook with integrated rig control.

adsbScope is a freeware Windows application designed for processing _ADS-B_ (Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast) frames received from a compatible decoder. It identifies aircraft, calculates their real-time positions, and presents flight parameters in both alphanumeric tables and a graphical display. The software interfaces via a virtual COM port, receiving raw frames to provide detailed situational awareness, including a global coordinate grid, continental coastlines, over 4,000 **airport** locations, and major cities. Users can overlay OpenStreetMap tiles and view world state boundaries, with each tracked aircraft rendered with labels showing altitude, speed, heading, squawk code, and flight identifiers. When paired with the adsbPIC-decoder, adsbScope enables advanced hardware control, allowing users to toggle data filters for specific frames like DF17/18/19, adjust analog signal thresholds for reception fine-tuning, and manage system resets or bootloader activation directly from the PC. This functionality provides a customizable toolkit for hobbyist radar listeners, offering a robust alternative to commercial tools for processing aircraft data. The software displays up to **1090 MHz** transponder data and can track aircraft up to 250 nautical miles.

The Elecraft K3, a popular HF transceiver, is often benchmarked against new market entrants. This article critically compares the Kenwood TS-590S to the K3, focusing on key technical specifications and operational aspects relevant to serious amateur radio operators. The author proposes three distinct evaluation methods: a circuit diagram comparison, an independent review analysis (referencing Peter Hart, G3SJX, in RadCom), and a real-world "ear test" by experienced contest operators on 40 and 80 meters. The analysis delves into specific receiver components, including the first mixer design, RF and IF amplifier performance, and the presence of an image noise filter. It highlights the K3's switched mixer and the potential for the TS-590S to utilize similar or improved designs, such as a classic filter with enhanced selectivity. The article also scrutinizes the second mixer stage, noting the K3's SA612 chip and its associated IP3 limitations, suggesting Kenwood might achieve benefits with a different mixer architecture. Further points of comparison include DSP capabilities, where the K3's high-performing DSP with KK7P's involvement is noted against the TS-590S's potential reliance on newer IC technology but possibly less refined software. The discussion extends to DDS and PLL implementations for phase noise and spurious emissions, and the utility of a second receiver for DX chasing and contesting, acknowledging its importance for some operators while being less critical for others. The article concludes by emphasizing personal preference in equipment selection.

Demonstrates the construction of a **homebrew spectrum analyzer** designed by Wes Hayward, W7ZOI, and Terry White, K7TAU, enabling radio amateurs to build a capable test instrument without significant expense. The resource details a _double-conversion superheterodyne_ circuit, employing intermediate frequencies of 110 MHz and 10 MHz, and covers essential blocks such as the time base, logarithmic amplifier, resolution filters, and local oscillators. It highlights the use of hybrid and monolithic ICs, including mixers, amplifiers, and VCOs, to simplify construction while maintaining performance. The design supports useful measurements in the 50 kHz to 70 MHz range, with methods outlined for extending capabilities into VHF and UHF. The authors emphasize that this analyzer, while simple to build, is intended for serious measurements, requiring careful control of signal levels to avoid spurious responses. It uses an oscilloscope for display, with specific instructions for calibration and adjustment of various stages, including the log amplifier and IF gain. The guide provides detailed schematics and component lists for each section, such as the 110 MHz triple-tuned band-pass filter, which achieved **90 dB** image rejection, a significant improvement over double-tuned circuits. Practical advice on alignment and troubleshooting is included, drawing on the authors' extensive experience in RF circuit design.

Over 75 years of engineering expertise underpins Bird Electronic's offerings in RF power measurement, critical for maintaining peak performance in amateur radio stations and professional communication systems. The company specializes in a range of test equipment, including wattmeters, SWR meters, and antenna analyzers, essential for optimizing antenna systems and ensuring efficient power transfer. Their product line extends to various RF components such as filters, cables, and connectors, all designed to meet stringent technical specifications for reliability and accuracy across diverse frequency bands. Bird Electronic's instruments, like the _Bird 43_ Thruline Wattmeter, are widely recognized for their robust construction and precise measurement capabilities, providing hams with confidence in their station's operational parameters. These tools enable accurate assessment of forward and reflected power, SWR, and modulation characteristics, which are vital for troubleshooting and maximizing radiated power. The company's commitment to innovation ensures that its products remain relevant for modern RF challenges, from HF through microwave applications, supporting both traditional analog and advanced digital modes.

Demonstrates CW Decoder Logic, a freeware application for Windows Vista SP2, 7, 8, and 10, designed to decode Morse code signals. The software incorporates an optimized 80 Hz DSP filter, enabling reception of CW signals across a speed range of 5 to 60 WPM. Key features include automatic signal tracking within a 3 KHz range, real-time speed detection, and an auto squelch function, enhancing decoder sensitivity and accuracy. The application provides station selection directly on a waterfall display and includes a "Tips" feature for word annotations. It supports sending decoded text to external logging software via UDP protocol, with a logger source code example provided for developers. Configuration options allow users to set speed limitations and customize interface elements. Released initially on October 17, 2016, with subsequent updates, the program requires Microsoft .NET Framework 4.5 or higher. Changelogs detail improvements such as increased program stability, code optimizations for speed, and fixes for display issues across different Windows versions.

Constructing a Lindenblad antenna for 137MHz NOAA satellite reception involves specific design considerations for optimal performance. The resource details the use of 4mm galvanised steel fencing wire, 300-ohm television ribbon cable, and wood/plastic components for the antenna structure. Key dimensions for a 137.58MHz-resonant antenna are provided, derived from the ARRL Satellite Handbook, specifying s, l, w, and d as 42, 926, 893, and 654mm respectively. The antenna is designed for Right Hand Circularly Polarised (RHCP) signals, requiring the four folded dipole elements to be tilted clockwise by 30 degrees. A significant aspect covered is impedance matching between the antenna's 75-ohm impedance and a typical 50-ohm receiver input. A twelfth-wave matching transformer, constructed from 117mm sections of 50-ohm RG-58 and 75-ohm RG-59 coax with a 0.66 velocity factor, is described. The article also addresses coaxial cable and connector selection, recommending 75-ohm Type-N connectors for RG-6 cable in professional setups and F56/F59 connectors for general use, while strongly advising against PL-259/SO-259 connectors for VHF. Strategies for mitigating Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) are discussed, including antenna placement to shield from local TV transmitters and the use of commercial or DIY band-pass filters, such as cavity resonators or helical notch filters, along with ferrite chokes on coaxial cables. Antenna orientation is explored, noting the Lindenblad's 'cone of silence' directly overhead and its maximized sensitivity towards the horizon. An experimental vertical tilt of 90 degrees is presented as a method to improve overhead reception and reduce interference from strong horizontal signals, particularly relevant in high RFI environments like the Siding Spring Observatory site.

Communication Concepts, Inc. specializes in providing RF components for both amateur radio operators building their own gear and professionals prototyping circuit designs. The inventory includes a range of products such as HF and VHF amplifiers, splitter combiners, and various filters, catering to diverse applications from QRP to high-power systems. The site details specific components like _Freescale_ and _Motorola_ RF transistors, along with custom semi-rigid coaxial cable options. The offerings extend to parts for ATV, packet radio, and general electronic components, emphasizing quality and service since 1979. Customers can find items like low-pass filters for RFI/TVI mitigation and specialized transformers for RF power systems, covering frequencies from 2-30 MHz Type "H" to 1-80 MHz high-power applications. The resource highlights its role as a supplier for those constructing custom radio equipment, offering components that facilitate projects from basic radio kits to advanced amplifier designs, with a focus on enabling self-construction and cost-effective prototyping.

The Adonis Electric Co., Ltd. catalog details a range of amateur radio microphones, including mobile, desktop, and bike-specific models, alongside essential accessories. Featured products include the _FX-6_ flexible microphone and various interconnecting cables designed for seamless integration with transceivers from Icom, Yaesu, and Kenwood. The catalog also presents specialized items like microphone selectors, alternator noise filters, and peripherals such as voice memory units and double VOX controllers, enhancing operational flexibility for hams. These products are engineered to improve audio clarity and operational convenience for amateur radio operators, particularly in mobile and fixed station environments. The inclusion of conversion codes ensures compatibility across major transceiver brands, simplifying setup. The alternator noise filter addresses common mobile RFI issues, contributing to cleaner signal reception and transmission, which is crucial for effective DXing and contesting.

Constructing a functional spectrum analyzer for the 0-100 MHz range presents a significant challenge for radio amateurs, often requiring specialized components and careful calibration. This project details a homebrew spectrum analyzer design utilizing common integrated circuits like the _SA605D_ FM receiver IC and _MAR-6_ MMIC amplifiers, aiming for a cost-effective solution. The design incorporates a low-pass filter, RF amplification, a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) for downconversion, and multiple IF stages at 150 MHz and 10.7 MHz, with a resolution bandwidth (RBW) of 15 kHz. Critical components such as the _SBL-1_ mixer and varicap diodes are specified, alongside instructions for winding inductors and tuning filters. The analyzer's performance is discussed in terms of input level limitations, specifically the 1dB-compression point and third-order intercept point, to ensure accurate measurements and prevent component damage. The _SA605D_'s logarithmic Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) output serves as the detector, driving the Y-input of an oscilloscope, while a _TL084_ op-amp generates the sweep signal for the X-input. Potential enhancements include adding a step attenuator, improving front-end filtering, and implementing switchable IF filters for variable RBW, allowing for greater versatility in analyzing RF signals.

Supplier of custom designed, high performance quartz crystal filters for communications receivers and transceivers, for Yaesu Icom Kenwood and Collins radios

One specific challenge in the KazShack, operating Single Operator Two Radios (SO2R), involved sharing a K9AY receive antenna between two transceivers without direct RF connection or manual feedline swapping. The solution, detailed in this project, adapts the **W3LPL RX bandpass filter** design to split 160m and 80m signals, feeding them to separate radio inputs while maintaining isolation. This approach also addresses the issue of strong broadcast band interference from a nearby 50KW WPTF transmitter on 680kc. The construction utilizes T-50-3 toroids and NP0 ceramic capacitors, built in a "dead bug" style on copper clad board. Each band's filter coils are identical and resonated to the desired frequency using an MFJ-259 antenna analyzer. A single DPDT relay, controlled by a remote toggle switch mounted on an aluminum panel, facilitates quick band switching between radios, simplifying low-band operations. While some signal loss is noted, the expected lower noise levels from the receive antenna are anticipated to compensate, potentially reducing the need for constant volume adjustments during toggling between transmit and receive antennas.

This is a 6 band receive only filter designed to protect your receiver front end and provide 45dB reject at the stop bands. This is a 6-band receive only filter designed to protect your receiver front end and provide 45dB reject at the stop bands. Stop band reject may be limited by the relay isolation. Worse case isolation is at 28 MHz or 35 dB or better. Relay K3/K8 protects the filter during transmit via the PTT line. A 25-50ms delay must be used between transmit and PTT. Do not rely on your radio to provide adequate delay with out using the PTT. You logging software must be set to allow a delay between PTT and time of 1st transmit. This filter will not work with VOX or QSK keying as you will damage the filter.

CWRX, a freeware Windows application, decodes Morse code (CW) signals directly from a sound card's audio input, presenting the decoded text on screen. It supports various receive bandwidths and filtering options, allowing operators to optimize signal reception in different QRM conditions. The program's core functionality focuses on robust CW decoding algorithms, crucial for weak signal work and contesting environments. Developed by OZ1IVA, Lars Harbo, this utility provides a straightforward interface for real-time CW interpretation. It integrates basic logging capabilities, enabling users to record decoded transmissions for later review or contest submission. The software is specifically tailored for the Windows operating system, ensuring compatibility with common shack computer setups. Its design emphasizes ease of use for amateur radio operators seeking a dedicated CW decoding solution. The program's small footprint and direct functionality make it a practical tool for both casual listening and more intensive operating sessions, without requiring extensive system resources.

The QLF filter is a microprocessor based interface designed to go between a standard Morse code key and a radio transmitter

Over 15 years of experience in DXing and contesting informed the development of _DXHeat_, a responsive web DX Cluster and analytics platform. This service delivers real-time DX spots, accessible on both desktop and mobile devices, featuring intuitive filtering capabilities. Users can quickly narrow down spots by band, mode, or specific callsign, streamlining the search for rare DX or contest multipliers. The platform integrates data from various sources, including traditional telnet clusters, the Reverse Beacon Network (_RBN_), and _PSK Reporter_, offering a comprehensive view of propagation and activity. Beyond live spotting, DXHeat provides extensive cluster analytics for individual callsigns, allowing operators to research past activity and propagation trends. This deep dive into historical data can be particularly useful for planning future DXpeditions or optimizing contest strategies. The interface is designed for serious DXers, prioritizing quick access to relevant information and robust data analysis.

TX RX Systems Inc. offers a robust catalog of RF conditioning products, including **transmitter combiners**, receiver multicouplers, and various RF filters. Their extensive experience, spanning over 45 years in the RF and Land Mobile Radio (LMR) industries, underpins their specialized offerings. They provide solutions for in-building RF coverage, repeater systems, and general RF management, catering to the demanding requirements of professional radio communications. Their product line features **bidirectional amplifiers (BDAs)**, signal boosters, and cavity filters, essential components for optimizing radio system performance. The company emphasizes reliable solutions, leveraging decades of field-proven expertise in designing and manufacturing critical RF infrastructure. From duplexers to cell enhancers, TX RX Systems focuses on delivering high-quality RF components and integrated systems designed to ensure clear and consistent radio signal integrity across diverse operational environments.

The document is a technical guide on designing RF filters for radio frequency applications. It covers topics such as interference suppression, band-pass filters, and low pass filters, with a focus on filter design and circuit filters.

Radio frequency systems require robust protection against transient voltage events, which can severely damage sensitive equipment. This resource details a range of **RF surge protection** devices, including models with DC Pass, DC Block, Bias T, and Ultra Low PIM characteristics, designed to safeguard critical infrastructure. It also presents various RF filtering solutions and interconnect components, emphasizing their role in maintaining signal integrity and operational continuity across diverse applications. The site provides information on products engineered for both RF and data line protection, highlighting their utility in preventing downtime and equipment loss. Specific product categories encompass coaxial protectors, grounding items, and fiber optic solutions, indicating a broad scope of application from amateur radio installations to industrial and telecommunications networks. Furthermore, the resource mentions the availability of NOM-certified products and offers same-day shipping for many items, underscoring a commitment to rapid deployment and compliance with industry standards.

Industrial Communication Engineers (ICE) was a manufacturer specializing in **RF components** and solutions for amateur radio and commercial applications. Their product line included a range of RF parts, various types of filters, and RF switching products designed to enhance station performance and mitigate interference. These components were critical for hams engaged in contesting, DXing, or general operating, providing means to improve signal integrity and manage complex antenna systems. The company's offerings addressed common operational challenges such as RFI and TVI, with products like **low pass filters** and antenna filters. While the specific technical specifications of their product range are no longer available, such components typically provided significant attenuation of unwanted harmonics and out-of-band emissions, crucial for maintaining a clean signal and preventing interference with other electronic devices. The current status indicates the domain is for sale, suggesting the manufacturing operations have ceased.

A 4 AMP / 18V regulated power supply schematic, designed by _ON6MU_, provides a detailed circuit diagram for constructing a robust power source. The design focuses on delivering a stable 18-volt output at up to 4 amperes, crucial for powering various amateur radio equipment. This resource presents a clear visual representation of component interconnections, including rectifiers, filter capacitors, and voltage regulation stages, essential for DIY enthusiasts building their shack infrastructure. The schematic's clarity facilitates understanding the power flow and component roles within the circuit. This circuit design offers a practical solution for hams needing a reliable 18V supply, potentially useful for driving specific transceivers, amplifiers, or accessory circuits. While specific performance measurements or comparisons to other designs are not detailed, the schematic itself serves as a foundational blueprint. Builders can adapt or modify the _power supply_ to suit their particular needs, such as integrating overcurrent protection or fine-tuning the output voltage with adjustable regulators. The straightforward presentation makes it accessible for those with basic electronics knowledge to assemble and troubleshoot.

Presents a QRP AM/CW transmitter project specifically designed for the 10-meter band, utilizing a crystal oscillator and a collector-modulated AM oscillator. The design employs a 2N2219(A) transistor in a Colpitts configuration, generating 100 to 350 mW of RF output power depending on the 9-18 Volt supply voltage and modulation depth. Frequency stability is maintained by a 28 MHz crystal, with fine-tuning possible via a Ct1 trimmer capacitor for approximately 1 kHz adjustment. The resource details the RF oscillator stage, implemented with a 2N2219 NPN transistor, emphasizing frequency stability and low power dissipation. It also covers the amplitude modulation stage, managed by a 2N2905 PNP transistor, which impresses audio information onto the carrier. Selective components (C3, C4, C7, C5) enhance voice frequencies within a +/- 5 kHz bandwidth, and modulation depth is controlled by R2 and R3. The project includes a 3-element L-type narrow bandpass filter (Ct3, L3, C10) to suppress harmonics and ensure a clean output signal. The project provides a complete schematic diagram, a comprehensive parts list including specific capacitor, resistor, and inductor values, and construction notes for the coils (L1, L2, L3). It also offers practical advice on enclosure requirements, suggesting an all-metal case or a PVC box with graphite paint for RF shielding. Operational parameters such as current draw (27mA@9V to 45mA@16V) and input impedance (50 Ohms) are specified, alongside guidance on antenna matching and the importance of a valid amateur radio license for 10-meter band operation.

The Yaesu FT-1000MP Mark-V, introduced at Dayton 2000 Hamvention, features a higher RF power of **200 W PEP** and a Class-A amplification SSB mode at 75 W. Key enhancements include an _Interlocked Digital/Analog Bandwidth Tracking system (IDBT)_, a Variable Front-End Filter (VRF) preselector, and improved ergonomics, notably a multi-function shuttle jog dial. This model, a successor to the 1996 FT-1000 and FT-1000MP, was designed to compete with high-end transceivers, despite its retail price of $4200 initially. The transceiver's physical dimensions are 406 x 135 x 348 mm (16 x 5.3 x 13.7 inches) with a weight of 14 kg (31 lbs), making it substantial. Its rear panel offers over 20 connections, including power, external DSP speaker, BAND DATA I/O, ALC, and multiple interface jacks for DVS-2, Packet, and RTTY. The unit also provides two keyer inputs, a DB9M serial interface for CAT, and two PL female antenna connectors, plus additional receive antenna jacks. Despite its advanced internal architecture, including two independent receivers with their own IF filters and AGC loops, the display technology, utilizing fluorescent discharge rather than LCD, contributes to an older aesthetic. The control panel is extensive, featuring 92 knobs and buttons, alongside numerous LED indicators for various modes and functions.

The resource details the construction of a homebrew 50-watt FET amplifier, based on Don W6JL's _QST Homebrew contest_-winning design from 2009. It functions as an afterburner for QRP transceivers, providing a **12dB** power lift. The amplifier utilizes IRFZ24N FETs and covers the 80, 40, 30, and 20-meter bands, with the 20m LPF extending to 17m. Key technical aspects include an FT37-43 transformer for the input network, a relay-switched 3dB pad for lower bands controlled by an _Arduino Nano_, and an RF-actuated T/R switch. The LPF board integrates four relay-switched filters rated for 50 watts, using capacitors with a minimum 250VDC rating. Performance measurements indicate a power gain ranging from **4.4dB** on 20m to 8.1dB on 80m, with a required drive power of approximately 5 watts. The article also discusses thermal management, current limiting considerations, and component sourcing.

Taking the venerable SMK-1 design to 20m and adding an RF amp, audio filter, and a TiCK Keyer ... by Wayne McFee, NB6M

Over 45 years of dedicated work by Robert Sherwood, NC0B, culminated in a wealth of technical insights, particularly concerning **receiver performance** and the intricacies of transceiver design. The site provides access to numerous presentations from events like Dayton Contest University and W4DXCC, covering topics such as optimizing rig performance, the evolution of lab testing, and the impact of roofing filters on transmitted IMD and receiver characteristics. These resources offer detailed analyses and practical advice for serious operators and contesters. While product manufacturing, including the SE-3 MK IV synchronous detector and various Drake R-4C accessories like roofing filters and cooling kits, has ceased, the legacy of technical documentation remains. The site details specific products like the Icom IC-781 and R-9000, and offers insights into 455 kHz mechanical and crystal filters, along with DSP protection strategies. Crucially, the site features extensive receiver test data, allowing radio amateurs to compare the performance of various transceivers. This data, often presented in white papers and slide shows, includes detailed measurements and explanations of key performance metrics, serving as a valuable reference for understanding and selecting high-performance HF gear.

Communication Coil, Inc. designs and produces custom, high reliability Filter Networks, RF Coils, Chokes, Inductors, Baluns, Toroids and Power Magnetics for communications

A DIY Automatic Band Decoder (ABD) project, designed for dual-radio operation, addresses the common challenge of integrating band data with older transceivers lacking dedicated outputs. This particular build utilizes an AVR AT90S8515 microcontroller and a 16x2 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) to provide band information, specifically targeting Kenwood rigs via a computer's LPT port. The design aims for cost-effectiveness while maintaining functionality, offering a solution for hams seeking to add automatic band switching capabilities to their station without significant expense. The project outlines the core components required, including the microcontroller, LCD, and an enclosure, noting that the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) fabrication and AVR programming might present challenges for some builders. It details the input requirements, such as a four-pin input and PTT for each radio, along with a 13.8V DC power supply. The decoder provides 2x6 outputs capable of sinking 500mA, suitable for controlling external devices like antenna switches or filters. Despite the original unit being damaged by a lightning strike in 2004, the author confirms its successful operation prior to the incident and mentions plans for a revised version. The resource includes a schematic in PDF format and images of the finished PCB and assembled unit, demonstrating the practical implementation of the design.

Details the construction of an **HF converter** designed by M1GEO, George Smart, specifically to extend the frequency range of the FunCube Dongle Pro (FCD) for amateur radio reception. The FCD natively covers 64 to 1,700 MHz, but this project enables reception from 0 Hz to 64 MHz by up-converting signals to the FCD's operational range. It employs a **double-balanced mixer** with a 100 MHz local oscillator (LO) to translate incoming HF signals; for instance, a 1 MHz signal appears at 101 MHz within the FCD's passband. The design incorporates a 7th-order Chebyshev low-pass filter with a 62 MHz cutoff frequency at the input to mitigate image frequencies, ensuring cleaner spectral presentation. George provides the schematic, PCB masks, and Gerber files for replication, noting that Far Circuits also offers PCBs. The resource includes test results for the low-pass filter and measurements of LO leakage, identifying -36.8 dBm at 100 MHz as a potential sensitivity concern. M1GEO discusses potential improvements, such as adjusting the mixer's LO drive, adding a balance pot, or incorporating a post-mixer high-pass filter to reduce LO breakthrough. Audio recordings from 40m and 17m demonstrate the converter's performance with WRplus SDR software.

Optimizing weak signal reception on the HF bands, particularly in the presence of strong local QRM, often necessitates specialized receiving antenna systems. This resource details the _HI-Z Antennas_ product line, focusing on phased vertical arrays designed for superior noise rejection and directivity. It covers components such as the 4-Square and 8-Element array controllers, which allow for rapid switching of receive patterns, and dedicated low-noise preamplifiers to improve system sensitivity. The site also presents various bandpass filters, crucial for mitigating out-of-band interference and enhancing the dynamic range of the receiver. The HI-Z systems are engineered to provide significant front-to-back and side rejection, often yielding **20-30 dB** of attenuation to unwanted signals, which is critical for DXing and contesting. Users can achieve a notable reduction in local noise, allowing for the discernment of signals that would otherwise be buried. The array controllers facilitate quick pattern changes, enabling operators to null out interference or peak weak signals from distant stations, effectively extending the reach of their receive capabilities by improving the signal-to-noise ratio.

The _Sci.Electronics FAQ: Repair: RFI/EMI Info_ document, authored by Daniel 9V1ZV, provides a detailed analysis of computer-generated RFI/EMI, focusing on its impact on radio reception. It identifies common RFI sources such as CPU clock rates (e.g., 4.77 MHz to 80 MHz), video card oscillators (e.g., 14.316 MHz), and even keyboard microprocessors, all of which generate square-wave harmonics across HF and L-VHF regions. The resource outlines a systematic procedure for pinpointing RFI origins, including disconnecting peripherals and using a portable AM/SW receiver with a ferrite rod antenna to localize strong interference sources. The document categorizes RFI mitigation into shielding, filtering, and design problems, offering practical solutions for each. It recommends applying conductive sprays like _EMI-LAC_ or _EMV-LACK_ to plastic casings of radios, monitors, and CPUs to create effective Faraday cages, emphasizing proper grounding and avoiding short circuits. For filtering, the guide suggests using line filters, ferrite beads, and toroids on power and data lines, and small value capacitors (e.g., 0.01 uF for serial/parallel, 100 pF for video) to shunt RFI to ground. It also discusses the use of bandpass, high-pass, low-pass, and notch filters on the receiver front-end or antenna feed to combat specific in-band noise.

Manufacturer of transformers, inductors coils and chokes. Custom winding, EMI / RFI Filters, Antenna Windings on ferrite rod, Antenna Winding on phenolic. Any antenna coil designs.

A synthesized 2.3 GHz Amateur Television (ATV) transmitter design, conceived by Ian G6TVJ, is presented, targeting broadcast-quality video performance on the 13cm band and extending up to 2.6 GHz. The core of the design utilizes a commercial Z-comm Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) that tunes from 2.2-2.7 GHz, providing a +10 dBm output and simplifying RF alignment. This VCO's stability, originally intended for narrowband applications, readily accepts high-frequency video modulation, contributing to the transmitter's robust performance. The exciter stage, incorporating a Mini Circuits VNA 25 MMIC amplifier, boosts the signal to +16dBm, while a Plessey SP4982 prescaler divides the output frequency for the synthesizer. The synthesizer employs a Motorola MC145151 CMOS parallel IC, favored over the common Plessey SP5060 for its superior video modulation characteristics and ease of programming without microprocessors. This choice addresses issues like LF tilt and distorted field syncs often seen with SP5060 designs, particularly when operating through repeaters or over long distances. The MC145151 divides the signal further, enabling precise frequency stepping, with programming handled by EPROMs for channel selection and LED display. The loop filter network, critical for video integrity, was developed through experimentation to prevent the PLL from reacting to video modulation, ensuring a clean transmitted picture. The transmitter incorporates a Down East Microwave commercial power amplifier module, delivering approximately 1.6W output, driven by the exciter through a 3dB attenuator. Construction involves surface-mount SHF components on micro-strip lines etched onto double-sided fiberglass board, housed within a tinplate box. The design boasts no AC coupling in the video path, preserving low-frequency response, a common failing in other ATV transmitters. Performance tests with a 50Hz square wave revealed no LF distortion, and a calibrated "Pulse & Bar" signal showed a near 100% HF response, demonstrating its capability for high-quality ATV transmissions.

Constructing a dip oscillator provides radio amateurs with a fundamental piece of test equipment for resonant circuit analysis. This particular design, adapted by VK3YE from a concept by _Drew Diamond VK3XU_, details a practical build using readily available components. The unit incorporates four plug-in coils, covering a frequency range from **2.6 MHz to 55 MHz**, mounted on 5-pin DIN plugs for versatility. A salvaged two-gang air dielectric variable capacitor, fitted with a vernier reduction drive, serves as the tuning mechanism, with the smaller gang optimizing bandspread at higher frequencies. In practical application, the dip oscillator is used by setting the meter needle to approximately two-thirds scale. When the instrument's coil is brought near a tuned circuit under test, a noticeable dip in the meter reading indicates resonance. This allows for precise measurement of resonant frequencies in antennas, filters, and other RF circuitry, proving invaluable for homebrewing and troubleshooting. The design emphasizes short wire runs for stable operation, particularly at the higher end of its operational range.

The Icom IC-7300 is a groundbreaking Software Defined Radio (SDR) transceiver that revolutionizes the way amateur radio operators interact with the spectrum. With its large 4.3-inch color TFT LCD touch screen, users can easily navigate through various functions, including real-time spectrum scope and high-resolution waterfall displays. This allows for quick adjustments and enhanced signal awareness, making it easier to find and engage in QSOs. The touch screen interface provides a modern approach to radio operation, replacing traditional buttons with virtual controls that can be accessed with a simple touch. In addition to its user-friendly interface, the IC-7300 boasts advanced features such as IF-DSP filtering, audio scope functions, and a multi-dial knob that combines tactile control with touch screen flexibility. These capabilities enable operators to visualize signals and make precise adjustments to their settings, ensuring optimal performance during contests or casual operating. The IC-7300 is designed for both beginners and experienced hams, making it a versatile addition to any shack. Its innovative design and functionality truly embody the spirit of modern amateur radio.

VE3NEA presents a detailed account of designing and constructing a **helical filter** specifically for 144 MHz satellite reception, addressing severe SDR receiver overloading from nearby Land Mobile Radio Network signals between 141 MHz and 143 MHz. The author's experience with RTL-SDR, RSP1a, and Airspy Mini receivers demonstrated the necessity of a narrowband solution to enable reception in the 145.8-146 MHz range with only 3 MHz separation from strong interference. The resource delves into the theoretical underpinnings of helical resonators, drawing upon Anatol I. Zverev's "Handbook of filter synthesis." It explains the equivalent circuit of a two-resonator passband filter, highlighting the critical role of stray capacitance (C3) in determining the coupling coefficient (K) and emphasizing the importance of **critical coupling** (K=1) for optimal filter performance. Misconceptions regarding tap positions and impedance transformation are clarified, with tap placement shown to control resonator loading and the trade-off between bandwidth and losses. Construction details include sourcing materials like 1/4" copper tubing and PCB, precise assembly techniques, and the use of tuning screws for frequency and coupling adjustments. Measurements performed with a NanoVNA revealed discrepancies from initial Coil64 calculations, necessitating adjustments to helix turns and tap positions to achieve the desired 3.5 dB passband loss and 40-50 dB suppression of interference.

A cavity filter, often a critical component in _duplexer_ designs, functions as a sharply tuned resonant circuit, allowing only specific frequencies to pass while attenuating others. These filters are essential for maintaining signal integrity in environments where multiple transmitters and receivers operate simultaneously on closely spaced frequencies, such as in repeater stations. The article details how these filters, sometimes referred to as _notch filters_, achieve high Q factors, which are crucial for their performance. Understanding the principles of cavity filters is fundamental for any amateur radio operator involved in repeater operation or designing custom RF front-ends. The discussion covers the basic circuitry and operational characteristics that enable these devices to provide significant isolation, often achieving **-80 dB** or more between transmit and receive paths. This level of isolation is vital for preventing receiver desensitization and intermodulation distortion. Properly tuned cavity filters ensure that a repeater can transmit and receive simultaneously on different frequencies without self-interference, a common challenge in VHF/UHF operations.

Constructing a high-performance RF spectrum analyzer up to 1000 MHz requires careful attention to component selection, shielding, and circuit isolation. This resource details a project that improves upon the _Spectrum Analyzer for the Radio Amateur_ design by Wes Hayward (W7ZOI) and Terry White (K7TAU), incorporating ideas from Scotty Sprowls' project, particularly his 1013.3 MHz IF bandpass cavity filter. The analyzer utilizes a Mini-Circuits SRA-11 mixer with a sweeping local oscillator from 1013 to 2013 MHz, feeding into a 4-pole copper pipe cavity filter. The design employs a second SRA-11 mixer with a fixed 1024 MHz LO to produce a 10.7 MHz final IF. This signal then passes through narrowband resolution filters and is processed by Analog Devices AD603 and AD8307 ICs for IF amplification and logarithmic detection, driving an oscilloscope in X/Y mode. The project emphasizes modular construction, using salvaged components and double-sided FR4 material for PCBs, with critical notes on minimizing spurious images through effective shielding and proper voltage regulation for each module. Key components include a Z-Communications V585ME48 VCO for the first LO and a Z-Comm V583ME01 VCO controlled by a Motorola MC145151 PLL for the second LO. An optional Hittite HMC307 step attenuator and K&L 5L121-1000/T5000-O/O low-pass filter manage RF input. Tuning procedures for the 10.7 MHz IF resolution filter are also detailed, showing before-and-after spectrum views.

Martek Power designs and manufactures a wide of high performance power supplies for various industries. Power supplies AC-DC, DC-AC inverters, DC-DC, EMI Filters

Operating in the **microwave** spectrum, Response Microwave, Inc. specializes in the design and manufacturing of RF and microwave signal processing components and subsystems. The company's product line encompasses a wide array of offerings, including Connectivity Series components, rotary joints, phase shifters, cable assemblies, surge protectors, terminations, Hybridline/Couperline products, circulators/isolators, directional couplers, quadrature hybrids, attenuators, custom assemblies, filters/diplexers, DC blocks & bias tees, power dividers/combiners, laser diodes & drivers, high-frequency connectors, and precision test accessories. This extensive catalog supports various applications requiring precise signal manipulation and transmission at elevated frequencies. The resource provides access to a comprehensive product catalog and a dedicated connector catalog, detailing specifications for components like **high-frequency connectors** and test cables. While specific performance data or comparative analyses are not directly presented on the main page, the breadth of products indicates a focus on providing foundational building blocks for microwave systems. The company emphasizes customer service and aims to be a reliable source for RF/Microwave/Optics product requirements, serving a growing customer base with its specialized component offerings.

Microprocessor based interface designed receives a signal from a Morse key, processes it, and re-transmits it to the radio. A microprocessor in the circuit is pre-programmed with a proprietary algorithm which makes a number of measurements and adjustments to the less percise human generated code.

A microprocessor based interface designed to go between a standard Morse code key and a radio transmitter. The circuit receives a signal from the key, processes it, and re-transmits it to the radio.

The San Bernardino Microwave Society, operating under the callsign _W6IFE_, serves as a significant technical hub for amateur radio operators specializing in frequencies above 1 GHz. This organization's influence extends across Southern California, providing a centralized resource for advanced RF experimentation and **regional frequency management** within the microwave spectrum. Its permanent value lies in its extensive archive of technical papers and project documentation, which are critical for operators engaged in high-frequency design and deployment. The society's infrastructure is primarily intellectual, focusing on the dissemination of specialized knowledge rather than a conventional repeater network. It offers a robust collection of technical papers from prominent members like K6PIP, K6BLG, and WA6EXV, covering topics such as Rubidium oscillator data, logging software, and filter design. This resource facilitates advanced amateur radio operations, including participation in microwave contests and the development of custom transverters for bands like 24 GHz. The site also details various member projects, such as the Owens Valley Radio Observatory Project, showcasing practical applications of **RF propagation analysis** and system integration. DXZone Focus: Microwave | Technical Papers | RF Propagation | Contest Results

an overview, introduction or tutorial about the basics of electronics filters including the types of filter and the various filter design considerations and parameters