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On this page you will find information about previous, current and future operations of our contest team, different articles, links and info about contesting, DXing, contests calendar, propagation, antennas, equipment, awards, and much more.

SPX Communication Technologies, operating under the TCI International brand, presents a range of radio frequency (RF) solutions primarily for government, defense, and commercial sectors. The offerings include advanced systems for spectrum monitoring, communications intelligence (COMINT), and high-frequency (HF) and medium-frequency (MF) broadcasting and communication antenna systems. Specific product lines encompass _Blackbird_ COMINT systems, _Scout_ spectrum monitoring receivers, and various antenna arrays designed for robust performance in challenging RF environments. The resource details the capabilities of these systems, such as wideband signal detection, direction finding (DF), and signal analysis, crucial for intelligence gathering and regulatory compliance. It also highlights the engineering behind their antenna designs, which are optimized for specific frequency ranges and operational requirements, including high-power broadcast applications and secure military communications. The information presented emphasizes the integration of hardware and software for comprehensive RF situational awareness. The company's focus on empowering partners to "Command the Spectrum" underscores its commitment to delivering critical tools for signal interception, analysis, and management across diverse operational landscapes.

Mobile RFI, often manifesting as persistent noise in the receiver even with the antenna disconnected, frequently originates from the vehicle's power supply system. This guide details systematic troubleshooting steps, beginning with isolating the radio from the car's 12-volt supply to confirm the power system as the noise source. It emphasizes the critical importance of drawing power directly from the battery using **heavy gauge wire**, bypassing the fuse block to leverage the battery's natural capacitance for RFI suppression and ensuring a solid RF ground. Proper routing of power lines through the firewall is also covered, advocating for dedicated grommeted holes to prevent inductive coupling from other wiring harnesses. The article stresses the necessity of fusing both positive and negative leads from the battery, a crucial safety measure to prevent damage to the rig and mitigate high-current risks should the battery's engine block ground become compromised during service. Addressing **alternator whine**, a common high-pitched noise that varies with engine speed, the resource suggests checking battery connections and the alternator-to-battery harness for looseness or corrosion. It also mentions the utility of adding an external RF noise suppression capacitor in parallel with the alternator's internal capacitor for enhanced filtering, and the effectiveness of commercially available in-line power supply filters.

The Lakeshore Repeater Association (KR9RK) operates a **VHF** 2-meter repeater on 147.270 MHz, utilizing a +600 kHz offset and a 100 Hz PL tone, serving the Raymond, Wisconsin area. The organization provides access to monthly newsletters, with recent editions including March 2026, February 2026, and January 2026, detailing club activities and operational updates. A Google Docs link is provided for newsletters with functional embedded links, addressing issues with PDF versions. The association's Megacycle Group is actively constructing a **DX Contest** level HF network, designed for remote accessibility. This initiative aims to provide members with a competitive edge in global DX hunts by enabling worldwide access to the station's radios. Additionally, the Lakeshore Radio Association is commemorating its 50th anniversary with a special event station, K5O, inviting all members to participate in on-air operations.

Centerloaded mobile antenna Handy for stationary, mobile and portable operations

Presents the W9VT Tri-Town Radio Club, an ARRL-affiliated organization serving the Illinois amateur radio community. The club maintains a 2-meter repeater on 147.180 MHz (+600 kHz offset, 107.2 Hz CTCSS) and a 70-centimeter repeater on 444.825 MHz (+5 MHz offset, 107.2 Hz CTCSS), both located in Woodridge, IL. Regular meetings are held on the second Tuesday of each month at 7:00 PM at the Woodridge Public Library, focusing on technical discussions, operating practices, and community service. The club participates in Field Day, supports local public service events, and offers licensing classes for Technician, General, and Extra class examinations. Members engage in various amateur radio activities, including DXing, contesting, and digital modes, fostering skill development among hams. The club's repeater infrastructure provides reliable local communication for members and supports emergency preparedness efforts within DuPage County. Participation in ARRL-sponsored events like the Simulated Emergency Test (SET) and various operating awards promotes active engagement and technical proficiency. The club provides a platform for mentorship, allowing experienced operators to guide newer hams through licensing and operational aspects.

Commonly used abbreviations in morse code operations

Aka Circular Waveguide Antenna. This online antenna calculator let you plan your cantenna for the desired frequency of operation, giving the Can diameter you have available.

Dedicated to the art of Ham Radio, enhancing individual operational and technical skills as well as providing communications during local and national emergencies. Located on the Kenai Peninsula in South Central Alaska.

The SDRanywhere application is an Android app that allows remote operation of an RFSPACE SDR-IQ, NetSDR, SDR-IP or Cloud-IQ radio from anywhere in the world. The demodulated audio and waterfall information is compressed and sent to the client application using a low bandwidth internet connection.

100-watt UHF repeater (444.500+ PL100) and a 6-meter repeater (53.68- PL114.8) are owned and maintained by South County ARES to support emergency communications for Belmont, East Palo Alto, Foster City, Menlo Park/Atherton, Redwood City, San Carlos, San Mateo, and Woodside/Portola Valley. The organization emphasizes training, including weekly nets and practice sessions, to improve message passing accuracy and brevity, crucial skills for **emergency communication**. Resources like the San Mateo County Sheriff's Office Ham Radio Frequency Plan Recommendation and **Chirp-compatible CSV files** for Baofeng radios are provided. Participation in community events is encouraged to build skills and connections among members. The group operates without collecting dues, relying on donations and member contributions of time and expertise. Training pages are available for new hams and those seeking license upgrades, along with a "Tips for New Hams" section. The site also features a monthly calendar of events, including board meetings, general meetings, and hospital nets, alongside a newsletter, the "South County Communicator," and various operational documents like the Net Control Manual and SCARES Handbook.

An interactive map for sota operations. SOTA Activators and cheasers will find this summits mapping site very useful resource. Based on Google maps.

A voice keyer for field day or general portable operations made with the DH8BQA cq machine kit

Demonstrates the complete design and development process for a **Low Noise Microwave Amplifier** (LNA), beginning with conceptual design and progressing through prototyping. The tutorial series covers the initial stages of a single-ended first gain stage, focusing on critical parameters such as noise figure, gain, and stability. It systematically details the theoretical underpinnings and practical considerations for achieving optimal performance in microwave frequency applications. This resource provides a structured approach to LNA construction, enabling radio amateurs and RF engineers to understand the iterative steps involved in realizing high-performance receive-side amplification. It offers insights into component selection, impedance matching networks, and the measurement techniques required to validate design specifications, particularly for **microwave** band operation where noise performance is paramount.

Describes Atlantic Tower Services (ATS), a company specializing in antenna tower erection and maintenance, operating from Orlando, Florida. ATS offers a range of services including site maintenance, structural repairs, system modifications, and complete tower installations for various communication needs. The company emphasizes its capability to handle diverse tower projects, from routine inspections to complex upgrades, ensuring structural integrity and optimal performance for amateur radio and commercial installations. ATS focuses on delivering reliable infrastructure solutions, supporting the backbone of communication systems. Their service portfolio covers critical aspects of tower ownership, addressing both preventative care and reactive solutions for existing structures. They are equipped to manage projects involving different tower types and heights, adhering to safety standards and operational best practices. Services include **site maintenance** and _structural modifications_.

The Radio Operators Association of Dallas (ROADS) Club exist to promote interest in amateur radio communication and experimentation, fostering of education in electronic communications as it applies to amateur radio, development of individual efficiency, cooperation among members. and furtherance of the public welfare.

KC0DMH's **amateur radio homepage** provides a personal insight into the station and activities of Jonathan and Sara Imberi. The resource details the relocation of their online presence from QSL.net to a privately funded server, citing increasing site size and traffic volume as the primary reasons for the move. This transition indicates a commitment to maintaining a robust online presence for their ham radio endeavors. The site's move to **ham-shack.com** reflects a common progression for popular amateur radio personal pages, where growth necessitates dedicated hosting beyond free services. The call for donations suggests an effort to sustain the operational costs associated with a private server, ensuring continued availability of their content. This evolution highlights the dynamic nature of personal ham radio web presences and the community support often involved.

ARRL page dedicated to AM operations

Reports indicate the PA1RBZ DX Cluster, previously accessible via telnet at pa1rbz.dyndns.org on port 9000, is no longer operational. The QSL.net hosting platform displays a 404 error, indicating the specific page or file for the cluster's web interface or related information is missing. This service was designed to provide amateur radio operators with real-time DX spotting data, facilitating long-distance contacts across various bands. The cluster's primary function was to aggregate and disseminate DX spots, allowing users to monitor current propagation conditions and identify active stations. Such systems are crucial tools for DXers and contesters, enabling rapid response to new openings and rare DX entities. QSL.net, which hosts over 30,000 amateur radio websites, provides these services free of charge to hams, relying on user donations for operational continuity.

This resource compiles claimed scores, often referred to as "rumor scores," for numerous amateur radio contests, providing a historical snapshot of competitive activity from 1993 through 2007. It lists entries for prominent events such as _CQWW CW_, _ARRL Sweepstakes_, _IOTA Contest_, and various _NAQP_ events, categorized by year and contest. Each entry typically includes the contest name and the month/year of operation, allowing users to quickly navigate to specific contest periods. The site also references the _3830 Web Page_ on Contesting.com as the primary submission portal for these claimed scores. The collection offers a unique perspective on contest participation and performance trends over more than a decade, preceding the widespread adoption of real-time score reporting systems. While not official results, these rumor scores provided early indications of top performers and overall activity levels for a wide array of HF and some VHF contests, including _ARRL 10M_ and _CQWW VHF_. The historical data can be useful for analyzing past contest popularity, identifying consistently strong operators, or simply reminiscing about earlier competitive eras in amateur radio.

Redesigning CDE rotator control meter scale for north-centered operation

The Tri-County CW Amateur Radio Club, operating under the callsign _W3TCW_, is situated in North Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, just southeast of Pittsburgh. This organization extends an open invitation to all licensed amateur radio operators, regardless of age or experience level, to participate in its activities and community. The club maintains a web presence detailing various aspects of its operations, including a calendar of events, a member roster, and contact information. It also provides resources related to _VE Testing_ and links to other local clubs and the _ARRL_ section website. Historical content, such as information from _Field Day 2008_, is also referenced.

The CQ World Wide DX Contest records page details the highest scores achieved in the CQ WW DX Contest across various categories and years. It systematically lists records for both SSB and CW modes, segmenting results by entry class such as Multi-Multi, Multi-Two, Multi-Single High, Multi-Single Low, Single Operator High Power, Single Operator Low Power, Single Operator QRP, Single Operator Assisted High, Single Operator Assisted Low, and Single Operator Assisted QRP. Each record entry specifies the callsign, the operator's callsign in parentheses if different, the year of operation, and the total score achieved. The data is further broken down by individual amateur radio bands, including 160m, 80m, 40m, 20m, 15m, and 10m, allowing for granular analysis of performance within specific frequency segments. The page also includes records for the "ALL" band category, representing cumulative scores across all operational bands. The presented records span from 1948 to 2025, providing a historical perspective on contest performance. This resource also references other CQ contests like CQ WPX, CQ WW RTTY, CQ WPX RTTY, CQ 160, CQ VHF, and WW DIGI, indicating a broader context of contest record keeping. It explicitly states that late logs are not included in the records, ensuring data integrity. The page is maintained by the World Wide Radio Operators Foundation, Inc.

The AT-AUTO automatic antenna tuner handles 1.5kW CW operation, employing stepper motors under microprocessor control to precisely position a roller inductor and air-dielectric variable capacitor, avoiding relay-switched discrete components. This design choice prevents loud relay clacking and burning contacts, a common issue with competing products. The tuner features auto-retuning capabilities and receives periodic firmware updates, ensuring continuous improvement and added user-requested features. Its companion product, the _CX-AUTO_ coaxial switch, also features an embedded microprocessor controller. It enables selection of 1-of-8 coaxial outputs via a serial data interface. When integrated with the _AT-AUTO_, the tuner can associate specific coaxial outputs with amateur radio bands, automatically commanding the _CX-AUTO_ to select the correct antenna when the operator QSYs to a different band. Don Kessler began designing the AT-AUTO in 2005, with its debut at the 2006 Dayton Hamvention. Kessler Engineering also offers custom RF product design and electrical engineering consulting, specializing in Class-E RF amplifiers.

TACLog offers a distinct approach to contest logging for **VHF/UHF/SHF** operations, diverging from the rigid input formats often found in other logging applications. This software prioritizes operational freedom, allowing contesters to input data in a sequence that suits their workflow during a fast-paced event, rather than being constrained by predefined field orders. It's particularly tailored for those participating in contests governed by **Region 1 rules**, ensuring compliance with established regulations. The program's design focuses on practicality for serious contesters, providing a robust platform for managing contacts. Its support for the EDI format is a significant advantage, streamlining the process of submitting logs to contest committees and facilitating data exchange within the amateur radio community. My experience with various logging tools confirms that flexibility in data entry can dramatically improve efficiency during multi-operator or high-rate single-operator contests, where every second counts.

Server allowing operation of the Winkey USB by K1EL with any Linux program with UDP keyer capability.

Over 20 distinct discussion categories are available on the Amateur Radio Discussion forum, encompassing a wide array of topics relevant to radio enthusiasts in the UK and beyond. The platform facilitates exchanges on technical aspects of amateur radio, including antenna designs, equipment reviews, and operating practices across different bands. Specific sections are dedicated to CB radio and shortwave listening, broadening its appeal beyond licensed amateurs. The forum's structure supports detailed discussions on operational challenges like the "Work All Postcodes" award, which encourages contacts across UK postal districts. Members can track personal statistics, manage contacts, and engage in challenges, fostering community participation and skill development. The resource provides a centralized hub for sharing knowledge and experiences among radio operators, offering practical insights into diverse radio communication facets.

Constructing a dip oscillator provides radio amateurs with a fundamental piece of test equipment for resonant circuit analysis. This particular design, adapted by VK3YE from a concept by _Drew Diamond VK3XU_, details a practical build using readily available components. The unit incorporates four plug-in coils, covering a frequency range from **2.6 MHz to 55 MHz**, mounted on 5-pin DIN plugs for versatility. A salvaged two-gang air dielectric variable capacitor, fitted with a vernier reduction drive, serves as the tuning mechanism, with the smaller gang optimizing bandspread at higher frequencies. In practical application, the dip oscillator is used by setting the meter needle to approximately two-thirds scale. When the instrument's coil is brought near a tuned circuit under test, a noticeable dip in the meter reading indicates resonance. This allows for precise measurement of resonant frequencies in antennas, filters, and other RF circuitry, proving invaluable for homebrewing and troubleshooting. The design emphasizes short wire runs for stable operation, particularly at the higher end of its operational range.

Twenty-four repeaters, including D-STAR and Fusion systems, are maintained and operated by MARCA Inc., primarily located on Arizona mountaintops and around the Phoenix metropolitan area. The organization, holding the callsign _W7MOT_, facilitates a wide range of amateur radio activities, such as ARRL Field Day events near Forest Lakes, Arizona, and participation in ARRL FMT contests. Members engage in antenna experimentation, construction, and maintenance trips to repeater sites. The club's interests span diverse topics, including HF voice, digital modes like _WSPR_, _WSJT-X_ (FT8, FT4), and CW, alongside DXing, MESH networking, and EOC operations. It supports technologies from SDR radio building to antique radio restoration and computer-based operations like Echolink, fostering a Single Board Computer (SBC) and Raspberry Pi group. Monthly meetings, held on the third Tuesday, feature business discussions and guest presentations, with informal summer gatherings and an annual holiday dinner in December. Monthly VE testing sessions for Technician, General, and Extra Class licenses are conducted by Ray Vasquez, K4RMV. Post-meeting discussions often cover specialized interests such as repeater operations, technical topics, D-STAR, SDR, APRS, Fusion, and Raspberry Pi projects.

A nice guide to make basic contacts in morse code with a particular reference to SOTA operations by VK3BQ

A simple portable antenna for SOTA VHF is described in this article dedicated to portable operations

Demonstrates the capabilities of CW_Shark, a dedicated 32-bit Windows application for Morse code operations. This software facilitates the analysis, decoding, and encoding of CW signals, providing hams with a versatile tool for various aspects of amateur radio communication. It supports four distinct modes: Decode Only, Keyboard QSO, Straight or Paddle Key QSO, and Straight or Paddle Key Practice, catering to different user needs from passive listening to active keying. Operators can utilize the Decode Only mode for signal analysis, while the Keyboard QSO mode allows for text-based interaction. The Straight or Paddle Key QSO mode offers a direct interface for traditional keying, enabling real-time communication. For skill development, the Straight or Paddle Key Practice mode provides a structured environment to hone Morse code proficiency. CW_Shark integrates essential functions for CW enthusiasts, supporting both learning and active participation in Morse code exchanges. Its focused design aims to assist operators in mastering and enjoying the art of _CW communication_.

The _Fuji-OSCAR 20_ (FO-20) amateur radio satellite, launched over six years prior, continues to operate reliably, despite a gradual decrease in its Nickel-Cadmium storage battery capacity and solar cell degradation. The satellite's power system can still supply approximately **10 W**, enabling operations. During the non-eclipse period, typically from mid-June through March, the satellite experiences a 0% eclipse rate, ensuring sufficient power generation. This allows for the potential operation of the onboard BBS, which had been previously suspended due to concerns about power shortages. An "eclipse rate" refers to the proportion of time a satellite spends in the Earth's shadow during each orbit. When the satellite's orbital plane is perpendicular to the sun's direction, the eclipse ratio becomes zero, meaning continuous solar illumination. Understanding these eclipse periods is crucial for managing satellite power budgets and scheduling operations, particularly for power-intensive functions like the BBS, which can now be considered for activation during periods of sustained solar exposure.

Using the raspberry Pi for amateur radio operations with digital mode decoding and log book program

Over 100 trained amateur radio operators comprise the New York City Amateur Radio Emergency Communications Service (_NYC-ARECS_), an auxiliary communications service dedicated to providing vital radio links during local, regional, or national civil emergencies. This organization supports governments, civil-preparedness, and relief agencies in situations such as power failures, explosions, fires, floods, earthquakes, or terrorist activities. Their operational readiness is critical for maintaining communications when conventional infrastructure fails, leveraging the resilience and adaptability of amateur radio. NYC-ARECS actively participates in the NYC Office of Emergency Management (_OEM_) Partners in Preparedness program and is a member of DHS FEMA's National Preparedness Coalition, demonstrating its integration into broader emergency response frameworks. The group's activities include regular training, maintaining operational readiness, and deploying communication assets across the five boroughs of New York City. Their efforts ensure robust, independent communication channels are available to support disaster relief and public safety operations.

Using external usb sound card devices for amateur radio digital modes operations

The K9IU Indiana University amateur radio club provides a robust station environment for its members, located within the Indiana Memorial Union. This setup includes a variety of radio resources, making it accessible for students and faculty interested in two-way radio communication, from local ragchews to international DXing. The club's facilities are available for use at any time, fostering an active amateur radio community on campus. Members can engage in various aspects of the hobby, utilizing the club's equipment for operating on different bands and modes. This hands-on access supports learning and practical experience in radio theory and operation, which is crucial for new hams and seasoned operators alike. The K9IU club serves as a central point for amateur radio activities at Indiana University Bloomington, aligning with the university's broader academic and extracurricular offerings.

The Club Radio Amateur de Québec (CRAQ) is a prominent amateur radio club based in Québec, Canada, dedicated to fostering interest and participation in amateur radio. It provides a platform for local hams to connect, share knowledge, and engage in various radio-related activities, including **DXing**, contesting, and technical experimentation. The club supports its members through regular meetings, technical presentations, and organized operating events, aiming to enhance their skills and enjoyment of the hobby. CRAQ also plays a role in public service communications, often collaborating with local authorities for emergency preparedness and response. CRAQ's activities include operating club stations, organizing **field day** events, and offering training sessions for new licensees. Members frequently participate in provincial and national contests, contributing to the club's competitive standing. The club maintains a network of repeaters, providing reliable local communication infrastructure for its members and the broader amateur radio community in the Québec area. These resources facilitate daily QSO traffic and serve as critical links during community service operations.

Long distance operations on WiFI band by Yolo Amateur Radio Society

The **HamRacer** voice keyer, a Windows-based application, is showcased in this video, illustrating its utility for radio amateurs participating in SSB contests. It functions as a synthesized PC-based voice keyer, specifically designed for HF and VHF SSB contest operations, allowing operators to transmit pre-recorded or text-to-speech generated messages during rapid-fire exchanges. The demonstration includes actual recorded QSO examples from a contest, featuring contacts with stations such as SP6OWA, S57O, OK1IEI, 9A1DL, OE1PAB, OK1GTH, and 9A1E. These examples highlight the software's practical application in a live contesting environment, demonstrating how it facilitates contest participation for operators who might otherwise face challenges with traditional voice keying. The resource provides a direct look at the software in action, emphasizing its role in promoting inclusivity within the amateur radio contesting community. It details the use of Windows SAPI for speech synthesis, a core component of HamRacer's functionality.

The Kenwood TS-870S HF transceiver features two state-of-the-art 24-bit 20 MIPS DSP chips, providing over 100dB out-of-passband attenuation and CW bandwidth adjustable to 50 Hz. It operates across 160-10 meters with 100 watts output, incorporating digital filtering, a beat canceller, and 100 memory channels. The radio also includes a transmit equalizer, RX antenna input, and a K1 Logic Keyer, enhancing signal processing and operational flexibility for amateur radio operators. Advanced capabilities include IF stage DSP, dual noise reduction, and an auto notch filter, all contributing to superior signal reception and clarity. The TS-870S offers a variable AGC, voice equalizer, and an RS-232C port for computer control, with Windows™ software supplied. Its built-in automatic antenna tuner functions on all bands for both transmit and receive modes, streamlining station setup and operation. Available accessories such as the DRU-3A digital recording unit, SO-2 high stability crystal oscillator, and VS-2 voice synthesizer option further extend the transceiver's utility. The unit requires 13.8 VDC at 20.5 Amps and is supplied with an MC-43S hand microphone, making it a comprehensive station component.

The ARRL powerpoint on satellite Operations by WB8IMY

CCAE Software Log provides a dedicated platform for amateur radio operators to manage their QSO records, offering functionalities beyond basic logging. This application supports various operational aspects, including contest participation and general DXing activities, catering to the needs of radio enthusiasts who utilize classic equipment such as Collins radios. The software integrates features for efficient data entry and retrieval, allowing users to maintain a detailed history of their contacts. It is designed to be intuitive for operators focused on collecting and preserving their radio communication logs. The program's development by the European Collins Collector Association (F6HOY) suggests a focus on reliability and specific utility for vintage radio enthusiasts. Its core function is to serve as a robust **logbook software**, facilitating organized record-keeping for ham radio operations.

The Icom IC-7300 is a groundbreaking Software Defined Radio (SDR) transceiver that revolutionizes the way amateur radio operators interact with the spectrum. With its large 4.3-inch color TFT LCD touch screen, users can easily navigate through various functions, including real-time spectrum scope and high-resolution waterfall displays. This allows for quick adjustments and enhanced signal awareness, making it easier to find and engage in QSOs. The touch screen interface provides a modern approach to radio operation, replacing traditional buttons with virtual controls that can be accessed with a simple touch. In addition to its user-friendly interface, the IC-7300 boasts advanced features such as IF-DSP filtering, audio scope functions, and a multi-dial knob that combines tactile control with touch screen flexibility. These capabilities enable operators to visualize signals and make precise adjustments to their settings, ensuring optimal performance during contests or casual operating. The IC-7300 is designed for both beginners and experienced hams, making it a versatile addition to any shack. Its innovative design and functionality truly embody the spirit of modern amateur radio.

Review of the Icom IC-706 series, include a short demo video and a short menu table available for download

N4KGL review of the Elecraft KX3 transceiver based on first experiences in portable operations.

Projects in ham radio, programming, and robotics. Specializing in amateur satellite operations.

The Medina County Amateur Radio Corporation (MCARC) is an amateur radio club based in Medina County, Texas, dedicated to promoting the hobby and providing community support. The organization actively participates in events such as **Winter Field Day 2024**, demonstrating operational readiness and emergency communications capabilities. MCARC focuses on fostering camaraderie among local hams and engaging in various on-air activities, contributing to the overall health of the amateur radio community in its region. The club's activities include regular meetings and participation in significant operating events, which serve to enhance members' technical skills and operational proficiency. By organizing and engaging in events like Field Day, MCARC members gain practical experience in setting up and operating portable stations, often under challenging conditions. This hands-on experience is crucial for developing robust **emergency communications** skills, which are vital for supporting local communities during times of need.

A squint at the world of LF This website was initially thrown together to provide ready availability to data being collected from the measurement of a transatlantic LF (Low Frequency) path.

The Bristol Amateur Radio Club's purpose is to: Facilitate the exchange of information and general cooperation between members to promote amateur radio knowledge, fraternalism and individual operating efficiency