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For radio amateurs considering homebrew antenna projects, this resource details several designs from WE6W, an experienced operator. It covers the construction and characteristics of a _160 Meter QRP Loop Antenna_ optimized for high voltage, along with standard and folded variations of the double bazooka antenna. The site also presents a unique Field Day antenna design and instructions for building a Sterba Curtain, a directional array known for its gain. Each design includes practical insights from the author's building experience. The author provides comparative data, such as the performance of a standard bazooka against a traditional dipole, offering real-world context for antenna selection. The Sterba Curtain section includes notes on its beamwidth and gain, crucial parameters for directional operation. These designs are suitable for hams looking to experiment with cost-effective, high-performance antennas for various bands and operating scenarios, from QRP on 160m to directional DXing with a Sterba Curtain, which can offer significant forward gain, often exceeding **10 dB**.

Details the construction and optimization of antenna systems for amateur radio satellite operations, focusing on practical, homebrew solutions for VHF/UHF bands. It covers building _groundplane antennas_ from salvaged materials, recycling old beam antennas into new configurations like a 2-meter crossed yagi, and constructing a 10-meter horizontal delta loop. The resource also explains antenna matching techniques, including folded dipole driven elements and quarter-wave transformers, along with the importance of accurate SWR measurements and minimizing coax loss. Demonstrates how to achieve a **1:1 SWR** by carefully trimming elements and adjusting radial angles on groundplane antennas. It provides insights into selecting appropriate coax and connectors, highlighting the benefits of Belden 9913 for low loss and the proper installation of _N-connectors_. The article also addresses RFI mitigation from computer birdies and presents a design for a silent triac antenna control circuit, offering practical solutions for common satellite station challenges.

ZZ Wave Net is a 40 & 80 meter full wave loop designed to fit on a city lot. ZZ Antenna is a folded dipole bent into an inverted V loop

The cobweb antenna it is basically a 5 band antenna comprising of 5 full half wave dipoles for each band - between 10 meters and 20 meters, the antenna is also resonant on 6M and can be modeled even for VHF frequencies.

Design your own folded dipole antenna

The BV6 50 MHz Yagis resource details the construction of two distinct Yagi antenna designs for the 6-meter band, specifically a 1-wavelength (1wl) model and a 2.1-wavelength (2.1wl) model. The 1wl Yagi, with a boom length of 5.850m, achieves a gain of **9.4 dBd**, while the 2.1wl Yagi, spanning 12.90m, boasts a gain of **11.9 dBd**. These designs adhere to a proven methodology for optimizing current slope and maintaining constant phase delay across parasitic elements, ensuring high gain per boom length and an _excellent pattern_. Both designs target a 50-ohm input impedance, facilitating straightforward feeding with a robust folded dipole. Final verification using NEC-II software confirmed the antennas' exceptional stacking capabilities, yielding stacking gains exceeding **5.8 dB** for a 2x2 array with minimal mutual detuning. The resource provides common mechanical data, including boom and element diameters, and specifies element lengths corrected for boom diameter. While the original _DUBUS Technik V_ publication contained incorrect element lengths, this resource provides the accurate dimensions for proper construction, emphasizing the use of readily available materials for cost-effective amateur radio deployment.

The terminated tilted, folded dipole T2FD is a little known antenna that performs excellently. Compact in size compared to a half-wave dipole the T2FD provides signal gain, wide frequency coverage, and exceptionally low noise characteristics.

Designing a compact directional antenna for the 70cm band involves balancing gain, front-to-back ratio, and physical size. This resource details the construction of a 2-element Moxon rectangle antenna for 432 MHz, outlining the specific dimensions for the driven element and reflector, and discussing the advantages of its folded dipole configuration. The article provides insights into the historical context of 70cm operations and the author's personal experiences with early 432 MHz transceivers and antenna setups, such as a Jaybeam 48-element TV antenna. It also touches upon the practical aspects of building and deploying such an antenna for local and weak-signal work. The Moxon antenna design is compared to a 3-element Yagi, noting its superior front-to-back ratio and broader bandwidth for a given boom length, making it suitable for portable operations or restricted spaces. The construction uses readily available materials like copper wire and PVC tubing, emphasizing simplicity and ease of replication. Performance characteristics, including a reported gain of approximately 5.5 dBi and a front-to-back ratio of 20 dB, are discussed in the context of its compact footprint. The resource includes a visual representation of the antenna's dimensions and construction, aiding in practical implementation.

The ultimate satellite Omni Antenna by Howard Sodja, W6SHP. The Lindenblad antenna consists of four half wave folded dipoles slanted 30 degrees to the horizon, oriented 90 degrees to each other in azimuth, spaced 0.3 wavelength apart

The N0KHQ Coax Square antenna, designed for 17 meters and built using RG-58 coaxial cable, presents an intriguing option for hams with limited space. L. B. Cebik, _W4RNL_, meticulously models and analyzes this array, clarifying its classification not as a modified Moxon, but as a distinct member of the "dual-coupled, 2-element, parasitic array" family. The design leverages the velocity factor of RG-58 (approximately 0.66-0.67) to achieve significantly shorter element lengths compared to full-size counterparts, resulting in a perimeter of 42 feet for the N0KHQ array versus 54 feet for a standard Moxon. _NEC_ modeling reveals the coax square's performance characteristics, including a forward gain of 5.6 dBi and a 23.7 dB front-to-back ratio on 18.118 MHz. While slightly less gain than a Moxon (6.0 dBi), its pattern exhibits Yagi-like nulls at 90 degrees, distinguishing it from the Moxon's wider beamwidth. The article also delves into the unique feedpoint considerations, explaining how the split braid and center conductor of the RG-58 driver effectively form a folded dipole, allowing for impedance transformation to achieve a good match for 50-Ohm cable. Despite its shortened elements, which inherently narrow the operating bandwidth, the coax square maintains satisfactory performance across the 17-meter band. The analysis emphasizes that while SWR curves are important, a holistic view of gain and pattern degradation across the band is crucial. This antenna is a viable solution for operators needing a compact, directional array, particularly for narrow bands like 17, 30, or 12 meters, where its high-Q performance is most effective.

Constructing a Lindenblad antenna for 137MHz NOAA satellite reception involves specific design considerations for optimal performance. The resource details the use of 4mm galvanised steel fencing wire, 300-ohm television ribbon cable, and wood/plastic components for the antenna structure. Key dimensions for a 137.58MHz-resonant antenna are provided, derived from the ARRL Satellite Handbook, specifying s, l, w, and d as 42, 926, 893, and 654mm respectively. The antenna is designed for Right Hand Circularly Polarised (RHCP) signals, requiring the four folded dipole elements to be tilted clockwise by 30 degrees. A significant aspect covered is impedance matching between the antenna's 75-ohm impedance and a typical 50-ohm receiver input. A twelfth-wave matching transformer, constructed from 117mm sections of 50-ohm RG-58 and 75-ohm RG-59 coax with a 0.66 velocity factor, is described. The article also addresses coaxial cable and connector selection, recommending 75-ohm Type-N connectors for RG-6 cable in professional setups and F56/F59 connectors for general use, while strongly advising against PL-259/SO-259 connectors for VHF. Strategies for mitigating Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) are discussed, including antenna placement to shield from local TV transmitters and the use of commercial or DIY band-pass filters, such as cavity resonators or helical notch filters, along with ferrite chokes on coaxial cables. Antenna orientation is explored, noting the Lindenblad's 'cone of silence' directly overhead and its maximized sensitivity towards the horizon. An experimental vertical tilt of 90 degrees is presented as a method to improve overhead reception and reduce interference from strong horizontal signals, particularly relevant in high RFI environments like the Siding Spring Observatory site.

A simple online folded dipole antenna calculator

Demonstrates the design and construction of a compact, portable multi-band mini-delta loop antenna, specifically optimized for /P (portable) operations from remote locations like Scottish islands. The resource covers the theoretical underpinnings of half-wave loops, contrasting closed and open configurations, and then details the application of a folded dipole principle to achieve a 50-ohm match for direct coax feed. It presents empirical formulas for calculating element lengths, considering the velocity factor of common wire types, and provides a detailed example for a 20m (14.175 MHz) version. The article includes a comprehensive table of dimensions and allowances for a five-band (20m, 17m, 15m, 12m, 10m) mini-delta beam, along with construction hints for the central support and balun. It specifies a 1:1 trifilar balun wound on a ferrite rod and describes the antenna adjustment process using an _MFJ-259B Antenna Analyser_. Initial test results indicate an SWR of 1:1 at resonance and a bandwidth of approximately 240 kHz on 20m, even at a low height of five feet above ground. The distinctive utility lies in its focus on a practical, easily deployable beam antenna for portable DXing, offering a viable alternative to more complex or larger arrays.

A trifilar folded dipole antenna for 80 meters band

This QRZ.com callbook entry by DL6GD details the construction and performance of a **40m/80m Morgain folded dipole antenna**. The resource includes a schematic diagram, construction photos, and tuning notes. The antenna, with a total length of **20.30m**, was mounted at a height varying from 4m to 6m above ground. Construction utilizes 0.75 sq mm transparent insulated copper wire, with Plexiglas spreaders (5mm thick, 70x10mm) spaced at 25mm intervals, secured with hot glue. A waterproof junction box houses the feedpoint and balun. Tuning involved adjusting wire bridges for resonance on each band. On 80m, an SWR of **1.1:1** was achieved at 3.657 MHz, with an SWR of 2.7:1 at 3.580 MHz and 2.5:1 at 3.755 MHz, yielding a bandwidth of 175 KHz. For 40m, an SWR of **1.1:1** was measured at 7.100 MHz, with 1.5:1 at 7.000 MHz and 1.3:1 at 7.200 MHz, providing a 200 KHz bandwidth. DL6GD notes that 80m tuning exhibits slight height sensitivity, while 40m tuning is less affected by height or 80m adjustments. Long-term observations from 2014 and 2022 document SWR degradation due to environmental factors like spiderwebs and ice accumulation, which can cause HF-conductive paths between elements. DXZone Focus: Callbook Entry | 40m/80m Morgain Dipole | SWR Measurements | 20.30m Length

Basic information on the folded dipole antenna

Over 1,000 stations in approximately 60 countries were worked using this modified twin-lead folded dipole, demonstrating its effectiveness with just 4 watts on 20 meters. This design, adapted from an ARRL Handbook concept, eliminates the shorting strap found in traditional folded dipoles, simplifying construction while maintaining performance. It utilizes readily available 300-ohm TV antenna feeder ribbon, making it a cost-effective solution for radio amateurs. The antenna's robust construction allows it to handle up to 100 watts without issues, even without a **balun**. The inclusion of a variable trimmer capacitor at the stub provides flexibility for tuning across different frequencies within a band, a practical feature for operators using transceivers like the Icom 735. Formulas are provided to calculate the precise dimensions for any desired operating frequency, enabling customization for various **HF bands**.

A folded dipole using twin lead By W8HDU

The Folded Dipole is not used much amongst Radio amateurs, probably due to the fact that this antenna uses twice as much wire as a single-wire dipole.

C-Poles for 20m and 6m, it is a folded half-wave dipole with an asymmetrical tapped 50-Ohm-point in the lower part of the antenna. Design hints by DK7ZB

Designing and constructing portable wire antennas for HF operations, this resource explores several configurations including the _foldback dipole_ for space-constrained setups and an inductively shortened dual-band dipole for 20m and 40m. It details the calculation of inductance for shortened elements, providing a Visual Basic 6.0 program screenshot that illustrates determining coil parameters like turns and length for a **25.5 uH** inductor. The document emphasizes practical considerations such as adjusting wire lengths for optimal SWR, noting that a dual-band dipole achieved SWR below 2:1 on both 20m and 40m, with careful adjustment bringing it under 1.5:1. Further, the resource describes a half-wave antenna matched with a coaxial stub, a method often referred to as the _Fuchskreis_ in German amateur radio circles, to transform the high feedpoint impedance to 50 Ohms. This monoband solution, for a 20m application, uses a stub length of **2.98m** (0.216 lambda multiplied by coax velocity factor) and a shorted stub of approximately 48cm. The coaxial stub design is highlighted for its resilience to ground proximity, allowing it to be rolled up or laid on the ground with minimal SWR impact, making it highly suitable for portable QRP operations.

Slot cubes are folded skeleton slot antennas with widened, folded dipoles bent into a cube to reduce size. QST Article 12 2019

Constructing a compact directional antenna for the 17-meter band, this resource details the build process for a Moxon rectangle, a two-element Yagi variant with folded-back elements. It covers the antenna's evolution from the _VK2ABQ beam_ and provides specific dimensions for a version built using fishing pole whips. The content includes a discussion of the antenna's radiation pattern, feedpoint impedance, and its inherent front-to-back ratio, which is often superior to a standard two-element Yagi. Practical considerations for element spacing and material choices are also addressed, alongside a visual representation of the antenna's physical layout. Performance data presented includes a comparison showing the Moxon rectangle's **2.5 dB gain** over a half-wave dipole and a front-to-back ratio of **20 dB**. The resource also touches upon the antenna's relatively wide bandwidth for a two-element beam and its suitability for portable operations due to its compact footprint. It offers insights into optimizing the design for specific operating conditions and discusses the advantages of its lower take-off angle compared to omnidirectional wire antennas, making it effective for DX contacts on the 17-meter band.

T2FD is a 600-900 ohms folded dipole, terminated with resistor. Feed impedance is coupled with 50/600 ohms voltage balun. It is a wide band antenna with rather low SWR over the full designed frequency range: antenna tuner is seldom needed.

W3HH wide-band wire antenna Article in French. The W3HH antenna, also known as the Terminated Folded Dipole (T2FD), is a compact, broadband antenna for amateur radio. It operates at an angle of 20 to 40 degrees and covers frequencies from 3 to 30 MHz. The antenna features a total length of one-third of the wavelength at its lowest frequency and is fed using a 1:4 BALUN transformer for impedance matching. A termination resistor around 390 Ω optimizes performance, making it suitable for various amateur radio applications while being easy to construct and install.

A folded dipole is an antenna, with two conductors connected on both sides, and folded to form a cylindrical closed shape, to which feed is given at the center.

Sort of similar to the one of the 6m omni. Instead of using twin-lead, this design makes use of a more or less regular double bazooka antenna (coaxial dipole). Your attention shall be drawn to the available standart literature, such as Rothammel. In order to "compute" the dimension, Karl Rothammel mentioned that the total length of the dipole shall be 95% of the free-space wavelength. The short-circuit bridges (closing the folded dipole) are to be placed at a distance-fraction being equal to the velocity factor of the coax cable used, which will be 66% using RG-58 or RG174.

The resource, "Conventional Use of Transmission Line," meticulously details the operational principles of transmission lines, emphasizing the Transverse Electromagnetic (TEM) mode of energy transfer. It clarifies that for a line to function purely as a transmission line, all currents must be confined internally, with external fields ideally zero. The discussion differentiates between balanced and unbalanced lines, asserting that while both require equal and opposite currents within the conductors, the key distinction lies in the voltage relationship of each conductor to the surrounding environment. It highlights that a good antenna pattern does not inherently confirm proper feeder balance, and that common-mode currents can lead to RF in the shack and increased noise levels, even without pattern distortion. The article further explains that a transmission line can become a radiating conductor if energy is applied in a non-TEM mode, leading to common-mode issues. It cites classic texts like Jordan and Balmain's "_Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems_" and Kraus's "_Antennas_" to support its definitions of TEM mode operation. The content also explores non-transmission line applications of parallel or concentric conductors, such as _coaxial dipoles_ and _folded dipoles_, which intentionally operate in non-TEM modes for antenna functionality. The author, _W8JI_, stresses that simply measuring equal currents is insufficient to confirm a balanced feeder; phase and voltage balance to ground are equally critical.

Patents of most popular antenna models including Zeppelin Antenna, Beverage Antenna , Franklin Antenna , Yagi-Uda Antenna , Sterba Antenna , Rhombic Antenna , Turnstile Antenna , Folded Dipole Antenna , Coaxial Antenna , Slot Antenna , Discone Antenna , Quad Antenna Element , Log Periodic Antenna , Swiss Quad Antenna

Constructing a dual-band antenna for 40 and 20 meters often involves compromises in size or complexity. This resource presents a compact _open sleeve dipole_ design that addresses these challenges by using 450-ohm ladder line and folded elements to achieve a total length of approximately **17.17 meters**, significantly shorter than a full-size 40-meter dipole. The design leverages electromagnetic coupling, where a primary radiator handles the 40-meter band, and a second conductor resonates on 20 meters without direct electrical connection. This configuration eliminates the need for traditional traps, loading coils, or switching components, simplifying construction and reducing potential loss points. The antenna is fed with RG-58C/U coaxial cable, and a common-mode choke is recommended at the feed point to suppress sheath currents, ensuring a cleaner radiation pattern and minimizing RF in the shack. The design is well-suited for portable operations, field deployments, temporary installations, and restricted urban environments where space is a premium, offering solid performance on both HF bands.

This document provides a detailed guide on constructing and mounting a folded dipol for the 146 MHz frequency in a vertical configuration to be used in Yagi antennas. The step-by-step instructions and diagrams included make it easy for hams to build and set up this type of antenna. Understanding and implementing this design can enhance the performance of radio communication for Amateurs operating in the 2-meter band. Whether you are looking to improve your signal strength or experiment with antenna designs, this resource offers valuable insights and practical information.

Originally designed by John Kraus, W8JK in about 1940, this antenna has some interesting properties. The W8JK antenna is 2 (Two) centre-fed double-dipole fed by a pair of anti-phase signals. Small size, simple antenna, offer nice performance but need a tuner. Tested in this project from 30m to 6m bands

This article presents the C-Pole antenna project, a compact, ground-independent vertical antenna designed for amateur radio operators. It features a folded half-wave dipole configuration that eliminates the need for radials, making it suitable for various locations, especially in deed-restricted areas. The C-Pole offers efficient performance with a 2:1 SWR bandwidth of approximately 3%, and it can be easily constructed using common materials. Additionally, the article discusses practical aspects such as feed-point impedance transformation and balun design to optimize functionality and minimize losses.

Online antenna calculator for a basic 3 elements yagi uda directional antenna. The described antenna design offers a front-to-back ratio of at least 20 dB, a gain exceeding 7.3 dBi, and a bandwidth (SWR < 2) of approximately 7% around the center frequency. It has an input impedance of 50 ohms when using a straight split dipole, which can be substituted with a folded dipole of the same length, increasing the impedance to 200 ohms. A matching balun is required for coaxial feeder connection, and the boom should be made of a dielectric material, like wood.

The article describes the construction of a Lindenblad antenna, which is well-suited for receiving signals from low-orbiting weather satellites. The key points are: The Lindenblad antenna has an omnidirectional horizontal radiation pattern and is optimized for low to medium elevation angles, making it ideal for tracking passing satellites near the horizon. It is designed to receive circular polarization, which is common for weather satellite signals. The antenna is constructed using 4 folded dipole elements arranged on a cross-shaped frame. The necessary materials include a plastic junction box, PVC tubing, and aluminum rods to form the dipole elements. The article provides detailed instructions for preparing the components, assembling the dipoles, and connecting the feed lines to create the complete antenna. The completed antenna can be mounted on a vertical support, with the dipole elements angled at 30 degrees from horizontal, to optimize reception of the passing satellites. The author notes that the design was originally published in a now-defunct magazine, Meteo Satellite Inf", in 1993

The Slim Jim VHF antenna, originally designed by G2BCX, is a folded half-wave dipole fed by a quarter-wave matching section. This version, built from a recycled professional aluminum dipole, demonstrates that various materials—such as copper, brass, or twin-lead—can be used. The article details the antenna’s construction, required materials, and tuning process, emphasizing mechanical stability and ease of assembly. With proper adjustment of the feed point, it provides excellent SWR across the band. Its durability and simplicity make it a practical and efficient VHF antenna solution.

Fully functional weathervane conceals an efficient 2- meter base-station antenna. Your Neighbors and HOA won’t know it’s there and they will love the rooster-vane. The Rooster-Tenna is a covert 2-meter ham radio antenna disguised as a functional weathervane, ensuring seamless integration into residential environments. This improved version features a wide-spaced parallel-fed folded dipole in a compact skeleton slot design. Constructed from aluminum tubing and acrylic supports, it offers omnidirectional, vertically polarized performance suitable for repeater and satellite use. Easy to mount and tune, it achieves a low SWR across the 2m band. With 3D-printable parts available, the Rooster-Tenna blends practicality with stealth, making it an ideal solution for HOA-restricted areas

The Zeppelin antenna, a J-type design, is presented as a two-band HF dipole, offering independent operation on harmonically related frequencies. This resource details its electrical configuration, comprising a half-wave radiator end-fed by a quarter-wave matching section, and explores its historical evolution from early Zeppelin airship applications to modern amateur radio use. The article specifically examines how a Zepp antenna tuned to 28.4 MHz (10 meters) exhibits a harmonic relationship with 15.4 MHz (20 meters), noting a frequency ratio of approximately 1.84:1, which deviates from a perfect 2:1 due to factors like elevation, wire separation, velocity factor, and end-effect. Antenna modeling results, including SWR sweeps at 28.4 MHz (1.1 SWR) and 15.4 MHz (1.6 SWR), are provided through Graph 1 and Graph 2, illustrating the antenna's performance across these bands. Current distribution patterns for both the 28.4 MHz (second harmonic) and 15.4 MHz (first harmonic) operations are visually represented in Figure 2 and Figure 3, respectively. The author also includes a 4NEC2 model's "Symbol Conversion file" definitions and calculated #14 wire dimensions for achieving resonance at 28.4 MHz, with the antenna positioned at a height of 33 feet. The discussion further highlights the antenna's versatility, suggesting its potential as a single-band, center-fed, 15.4 MHz half-wave folded end dipole when fed at a specific low current point. This analysis provides practical insights into constructing and optimizing a multi-band Zepp antenna for HF operations, emphasizing its unique harmonic characteristics and physical compactness.