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Receiving Common Mode Noise shows how lack of a balun can contribute to system noise

Applying for a vanity callsign has become significantly streamlined, with the W5YI-VEC now facilitating online applications. This process allows hams to secure a personalized callsign from the FCC with remarkable efficiency, often seeing their new identifier granted in as little as **18 days**. The ease of access to this service represents a notable improvement for operators seeking a unique callsign. The resource outlines the straightforward steps involved, primarily directing users to input their current callsign to initiate the application. This direct approach simplifies what was once a more complex bureaucratic procedure, making it accessible to a broader range of amateur radio operators. For those interested in personalizing their on-air identity, the _W5YI-VEC_ online system offers a practical solution. It leverages digital platforms to expedite the application, reflecting modern advancements in administrative processes.

OPCLOG provides a straightforward logging solution for amateur radio operators, enabling the systematic recording of contacts. The software primarily focuses on basic QSO management, allowing users to input essential contact details such as callsign, date, time, frequency, and mode. Its core utility lies in its ability to export log data in the _ADIF_ (Amateur Data Interchange Format) standard, which is crucial for interoperability with other ham radio applications and services. This ADIF export functionality facilitates the creation of personalized QSL cards, streamlining the process for operators who prefer custom designs over generic templates. The program's design emphasizes ease of use for individual station logging, rather than complex contest or DXpedition management. It offers a practical tool for maintaining a personal logbook, supporting the fundamental requirements for tracking contacts and preparing for awards. The software's simplicity ensures a low learning curve, making it accessible for operators focused on routine logging tasks.

R25Log is a DOS-based universal logging program designed for active amateur radio operators, combining standard logging functionalities with several new features. It provides a wealth of information, input, and evaluation possibilities, having been tested and proven in real-world QSO operations. The software supports various operating modes and is specifically tailored for efficient log management. The program's capabilities include comprehensive logging for DXing and contesting, offering detailed input fields and robust evaluation tools. Its _freeware_ status and DOS Shell environment make it accessible for users with legacy systems or those preferring a lightweight logging solution. The design emphasizes practical application, allowing operators to manage their logbooks effectively and analyze their contact data, contributing to improved station performance and award tracking.

TR4W is a contest logging software package supporting over **180** amateur radio contests. The program operates on Windows 7 to windows 11 operating systems. It supports CW keying via serial port, LPT port, or Winkey, with CW speeds ranging from 1 to **99** WPM. Paddle input via LPT port enables the program to function as a keyer, with paddle input aborting computer-generated CW. PTT support includes programmable delay. The software incorporates automatic super check partial and call checking, along with an expanded .DTA database format for names, QTH, grid, and SS check information. A band map displays color-coded aging data. The software features a built-in telnet DXCluster interface, automatically inserting spots into the band map. It supports RTTY operation via the MMTTY engine and includes WAE QTC support for both European and non-European stations. TR4W provides radio interfacing for Elecraft, Icom, Japan Radio, Kenwood, Ten-Tec, and Yaesu transceivers, utilizing serial or USB-to-serial adapters. Networked multiple-rig operation is supported through a client-server model using TCP/IP protocol. Integrated two-radio support (SO2R) is present. The program includes on-the-fly MP3 recording and log backup to USB drives or selected HDD folders. It uses the standard CTY.DAT file for country and beam heading data.

The Wireless Institute of Australia (WIA) provides an official directory and database of Australian amateur radio repeaters, detailing their locations, frequencies, and operational status. The resource includes downloadable files in PDF and CSV formats, along with a _Google Earth KMZ_ file for visualizing repeater sites across Australia, including Amateur, CB, and Marine repeaters. It also references external resources for various digital modes such as _IRLP_, _Echolink_, _D-STAR_, P25, Fusion, and DMR, providing links to their respective information sites. The WIA repeater data is cross-referenced with the _ACMA database_ to ensure accuracy, with updates typically occurring twice a year. The directory employs a color-coding system, where purple indicates repeaters carrying the WIA broadcast or callback channels, and a 'W' status denotes operational repeaters with the weekly WIA broadcast. The resource also outlines policies for removing unlicensed or non-operational repeaters from the PDF listing after specific timeframes, while retaining them in the CSV file for potential reinstatement.

The **HFRadioSales.au** resource provides a commercial outlet for amateur and commercial radio operators seeking HF SSB equipment and related services. It focuses on the Australian market, offering new and refurbished transceivers, antennas, tuners, and a wide array of spare parts for brands like Codan, Barrett, and Qmac. The site details its role as a licensed dealer for new Barrett Communications and Codan radio and antenna systems, including specific models such as the Barrett 4050, 2050, and 950, and Codan Envoy and NGT series. This platform supports various applications, including vehicle, 4WD, outback, marine, and base station setups, catering to networks like HF Radio Club, VKS737, and RFDS. It also features commercial-grade antennas from Bushcomm, such as the BBA100C and SWC100, available for fast shipping from their Queensland warehouse. The site includes an FAQ section with general information on mobile HF communications in Australia and timelines for specific transceiver models.

NetLogger displays 6 currently active nets, including the 3838 Breakfast Club on 80 meters SSB and the CornCobNet on 40 meters SSB, providing real-time updates every 20 seconds to monitoring participants. It functions as a specialized logging program designed for amateur radio nets, facilitating the transmission of check-in data via the internet. The system lists net name, frequency, band, mode, server, start time (UTC), elapsed time, number of subscribers, and the callsign of the operator who opened the net. The platform details specific net operations, such as the Florida AM Group on 3.885 MHz AM and the GRAVEYARD NET on 3.967 MHz SSB, illustrating its application across various **HF** bands and modes. NetLogger's utility extends to viewing past nets and offers a **Groups.io** integration for community interaction. It provides a practical solution for organizing and participating in amateur radio nets, offering a centralized system for tracking participants and net activity. The resource details specific net operations, such as the Florida AM Group on 3.885 MHz AM and the GRAVEYARD NET on 3.967 MHz SSB, illustrating its application across various HF bands and modes.

Codec2, an open-source speech codec, targets low bit rate voice communication, specifically designed for digital radio applications operating within constrained bandwidths. The project focuses on achieving intelligible speech quality at data rates around 2400 bits per second, a critical parameter for efficient spectrum utilization in amateur radio. Its development addresses the need for robust voice transmission over channels where higher bit rate codecs would be impractical or inefficient. The resource details the technical specifications and implementation aspects of Codec2, including its underlying algorithms and performance characteristics. It provides insights into how the codec processes speech to achieve its low bit rate, outlining the various coding schemes and their impact on voice fidelity and error resilience. The information presented allows radio amateurs and developers to understand the codec's operational principles and its suitability for integration into custom digital communication systems. Applications for Codec2 extend to digital voice modes on HF and VHF bands, enabling more users to share limited spectrum resources. The project's open-source nature facilitates community contributions and widespread adoption, fostering innovation in digital amateur radio. It represents a significant effort to provide a freely available, high-performance speech coding solution for the amateur radio community.

miLog provides an integrated software solution for amateur radio station management, encompassing logging, DXing, and contesting functionalities. The software is designed to operate on Windows 2000 and later versions, indicating a focus on stability and compatibility within the Microsoft ecosystem. Its feature set includes comprehensive logging capabilities, tools for DX operations, and specific modules tailored for competitive contesting, streamlining the workflow for operators engaged in these activities. The resource details the software's commercial availability and its primary functions, which extend to station control. This integration allows users to manage multiple aspects of their amateur radio operations from a single application, potentially reducing the need for disparate tools. The description also highlights support for various operating modes, suggesting flexibility for different communication protocols and techniques. While the page itself is minimal, it serves as a direct point of reference for miLog, outlining its core purpose and system requirements. The emphasis on a highly integrated approach distinguishes it as a tool aiming to consolidate essential ham radio software functions.

URLog, version 0.1.10, functions as a freeware amateur radio logging application designed for basic QSO record-keeping. The software provides core functionalities for inputting contact details, including callsign, date, time, frequency, and mode, which are fundamental for maintaining an amateur radio logbook. Its design emphasizes ease of use, making it accessible for operators who require straightforward logging capabilities without extensive advanced features. The application's utility lies in its simplicity for everyday logging tasks, particularly for those who prefer a local software solution over web-based loggers. While specific data formats supported are not detailed, standard logging practices suggest ADIF compatibility for export, facilitating integration with other ham radio software or online logbooks. The software's compact download size of approximately 4.5 MB indicates a lean installation, minimizing system resource usage.

Controlling amateur radio transceivers remotely often requires dedicated software to interface with the radio's CAT (Computer Aided Transceiver) system. CATSPAW is a software utility specifically developed by N2OHZ for the Yaesu FT-100, facilitating computer-based control over various radio functions. The software provides an interface for adjusting parameters such as frequency, mode, and other operational settings, which can be particularly useful for remote station operation or automated tasks. While the specific features and user interface details are not extensively documented on the download page, the primary function centers on providing a digital control layer for the _FT-100_. This allows operators to integrate the transceiver into a larger station setup that might include logging programs or digital mode applications, enhancing the overall operational flexibility. The utility's design focuses on direct control, leveraging the radio's internal command set. As a downloadable executable, _CATSPAW_ represents a common approach to radio control software from its era, offering a direct link between a personal computer and a specific transceiver model.

UR5FCM Log provides a centralized logging solution for amateur radio operators, designed to manage daily radio communications and integrate various digital modes. This software functions as a primary working center for a radio station, facilitating the recording and management of QSOs across different operating aspects. Since version 1.1.61, UR5FCM Log has incorporated enhanced features for digital mode operations, specifically supporting RTTY, BPSK, and SSTV. The application aims to streamline the logging process, offering tools for QSL management and general station record-keeping. It is developed for the Windows operating system, providing a graphical user interface for ease of use. The software includes capabilities for tracking various contact details and supports common amateur radio data formats for log exchange. Its development history spans from 2002 to 2005, with Igor I. Krinetsky credited as the author.

LOGic presents a commercial logging software solution for amateur radio operators, detailing its capabilities for managing QSOs, controlling transceivers, and facilitating DX operations. The resource outlines features such as comprehensive logging functionalities, support for various operating modes, and integration with rig control interfaces. It emphasizes the software's long history, having been available since 1989, and its continuous development to meet the evolving needs of the amateur community. The software's practical application extends to contest logging, award tracking, and interfacing with external hardware like CAT interfaces for seamless rig control. The resource highlights its flexibility and feature set, positioning it as a professional-grade tool for serious DXers and contesters. Specific mentions of TRX-Manager and W1GEE indicate related or integrated hardware and developer involvement, providing context for its ecosystem.

Radio frequency systems require robust protection against transient voltage events, which can severely damage sensitive equipment. This resource details a range of **RF surge protection** devices, including models with DC Pass, DC Block, Bias T, and Ultra Low PIM characteristics, designed to safeguard critical infrastructure. It also presents various RF filtering solutions and interconnect components, emphasizing their role in maintaining signal integrity and operational continuity across diverse applications. The site provides information on products engineered for both RF and data line protection, highlighting their utility in preventing downtime and equipment loss. Specific product categories encompass coaxial protectors, grounding items, and fiber optic solutions, indicating a broad scope of application from amateur radio installations to industrial and telecommunications networks. Furthermore, the resource mentions the availability of NOM-certified products and offers same-day shipping for many items, underscoring a commitment to rapid deployment and compliance with industry standards.

The _National Contest Journal_ (NCJ) serves as a dedicated resource for amateur radio contesters, providing in-depth articles, operational strategies, and technical insights. Published bimonthly by the ARRL, it covers a wide array of contesting topics, including antenna systems, station optimization, operating techniques, and rule interpretations for major events like the NA Sprint and various QSO Parties. The journal aims to enhance the competitive edge of participants across all skill levels, from casual operators to serious multi-operator teams, by sharing experiences and data from high-scoring stations. NCJ content frequently includes detailed analyses of contest results, offering breakdowns of scores, participant statistics, and comparisons of operating strategies. Readers can find practical advice on improving their contest performance, such as optimizing logging software usage or maximizing **run rates**. The journal also features columns on specific contest modes like RTTY and provides updates on rule changes and upcoming events, helping contesters prepare for future competitions and achieve better results, often leading to **top 10** finishes in their respective categories.

Windows user-mode application, which allows you to create software virtual serial ports and emulate physical serial ports behavior. It operates exclusively in user-mode, therefore it is more stable and uses less memory, processor and operating system resources than any competitive products.

Log2000 provides a structured environment for amateur radio operators to manage their contact records. This software facilitates the logging of two-way radio contacts, a fundamental aspect of the hobby, by capturing essential QSO data such as callsigns, dates, times, bands, and modes. It also supports the generation and printing of QSL cards and labels, streamlining the process of confirming contacts for awards and personal record-keeping. The program was specifically developed for Windows 95/98, Windows NT, and Windows 2000 operating systems. Its feature set includes tools for searching logs, generating various reports, and managing award progress. While tailored for earlier Windows versions, Log2000 offers core logging functionalities that remain relevant for basic station management.

Showcases the Del City Amateur Radio Club (W5DEL), an organization serving the amateur radio community in Del City, Oklahoma. The club facilitates local ham radio activities and provides a platform for members to connect. It emphasizes community engagement through various events and resources, supporting the interests of local operators. The club's online presence, while functional, appears to be a repurposed template, with some content not directly relevant to amateur radio. Members can access information on club dues, upcoming events, and community guidelines. The site mentions a focus on VoIP, suggesting an interest in **digital voice modes** and **internet-linked radio systems**. Although specific technical projects or operating achievements are not detailed, the club aims to foster camaraderie and provide a local point of contact for hams in the Del City area.

The Yaesu VX-5R, manufactured between 199x and 200x, offers a transmit frequency range covering 50-52 MHz, 144-146 MHz, and 430-440 MHz for European models, with US versions extending to 50-54 MHz, 144-148 MHz, and 430-450 MHz. Its receiver boasts an impressive wideband capability from 0.5 MHz to 999 MHz, with cellular frequencies blocked in some regions. The unit provides up to 5 watts RF output on 6 meters and 2 meters, and 4.5 watts on 70 centimeters, with selectable lower power settings down to 300 mW. This handheld transceiver utilizes a double conversion superheterodyne receiver system, featuring a 47.25 MHz first IF for FM and 45.8 MHz for WFM. Key specifications include a frequency stability of ±5 ppm across a wide temperature range and a current drain of 25-150 mA on receive. The VX-5R supports 220 regular memory channels with alpha tags, 3 home channels, and 10 NOAA weather channels, all stored in non-volatile EEPROM. Additional features include CTCSS/PL and DCS with tone search, ARS, ARTS, an internal voltmeter, and a Spectra-Scope. The device operates on a 7.2 VDC battery pack or 10-16 VDC external power, weighing 255 grams with dimensions of 58x88x27 mm. The VX-5R was also available as the metallic silver VX-5RS.

The 3Y0K Log Online provides a detailed logsearch interface for the **3Y0K** DXpedition to Bouvet Island, scheduled for February 2026. This web-based tool, hosted on _Club Log_, allows users to access real-time QSO statistics and leaderboards. The interface includes interactive features such as a map for checking real-time propagation and colored boxes that reveal mode and time breakdowns when hovered over. The service supports HF bands and provides a structured overview of QSOs, including band/mode breakdowns and continent-specific data. Users can report logging inquiries and QSL requests exclusively through the M0OXO Online QSL Request System (**OQRS**). The site also offers additional resources like band plans, operating practices, and FT8 advice. The leaderboard feature, which includes clubs and Contest Club, ranks stations based on the number of band slots worked, with duplicate QSOs being discouraged. The expedition's impact on users' totals is also tracked, providing insights into new bands, modes, and DXCC entities worked. DXZone Focus: 3Y0K DXpedition | Club Log | Bouvet Island

This tutorial provides step-by-step instructions for setting up the ICOM IC-7300 to work with WinLink and WinMor. The process begins with downloading the necessary USB driver from ICOM Japan, followed by configuring the radio settings through the menu. Key settings include selecting the correct output and data modes, as well as ensuring the USB serial function is properly set. Once the radio is connected to the PC via USB, the drivers will install automatically, allowing for seamless communication. After confirming the installation of the USB Audio CODEC and COM port, users are guided to download the RMS Client Software for WinLink. The tutorial emphasizes the importance of understanding the WinLink system and provides links to additional resources for setup. Finally, it details how to configure the WinMor modem settings, ensuring the ICOM IC-7300 is ready for effective digital communication. This guide is essential for operators looking to enhance their digital capabilities using the IC-7300.

This document details the design and construction of the PA70H, a 50-watt RF amplifier for the 70MHz (4-meter) amateur radio band. Built around the Mitsubishi RD70HVF1 MOSFET transistor, the amplifier delivers 45-55W output with 3-5W input power while operating on 13.8V DC at approximately 7-8A. The PCB design incorporates multiple protection circuits including overcurrent, SWR, and temperature control. The amplifier features various control modes including GND PTT, +13.8V PTT, and RF VOX. Two versions are available: PA70HLI (requiring 100mW input with additional driver) and PA70H (for 3-5W input). The comprehensive documentation includes circuit diagrams, assembly instructions, and performance data showing successful operation from both 100mW and 3.5W input sources.

Understanding Common Mode and Differential Mode Currents on Transmission Lines by K9YC

This resource details the four primary functions of a ground system: lightning energy dispersion, equipment safety, RF return path provision for end-fed antennas, and management of induced RF currents. It clarifies that a ground system's effectiveness varies depending on its specific function, noting that a good lightning ground might not be an effective RF ground. The content emphasizes that proper antenna system design, including baluns and appropriate feedline lengths, often negates the need for an RF station ground to mitigate common mode currents or RFI in the shack. The article quantifies lightning energy, stating its peak is in the dozens or hundreds of kilohertz, with damaging energy extending to hundreds of megahertz, and currents reaching thousands of amperes. It recommends solid, wide, smooth copper surfaces for ground leads to achieve low impedance across a wide frequency range. The author, W8JI, shares practical insights from his station, which includes two 300-ft towers and four 130-ft wire verticals, detailing his use of common point grounds and _DX Engineering RR-8 HD_ antenna switches for lightning protection without coaxial surge protectors. Specific examples of antenna systems prone to common mode current problems are listed, such as random wire antennas without proper feedline lengths and off-center fed dipoles. The text also explains how a ground screen or radial system can reduce local noise sensitivity for vertically polarized antennas by covering the lossy earth.

The Yaesu FT-1000MP Mark-V, introduced at Dayton 2000 Hamvention, features a higher RF power of **200 W PEP** and a Class-A amplification SSB mode at 75 W. Key enhancements include an _Interlocked Digital/Analog Bandwidth Tracking system (IDBT)_, a Variable Front-End Filter (VRF) preselector, and improved ergonomics, notably a multi-function shuttle jog dial. This model, a successor to the 1996 FT-1000 and FT-1000MP, was designed to compete with high-end transceivers, despite its retail price of $4200 initially. The transceiver's physical dimensions are 406 x 135 x 348 mm (16 x 5.3 x 13.7 inches) with a weight of 14 kg (31 lbs), making it substantial. Its rear panel offers over 20 connections, including power, external DSP speaker, BAND DATA I/O, ALC, and multiple interface jacks for DVS-2, Packet, and RTTY. The unit also provides two keyer inputs, a DB9M serial interface for CAT, and two PL female antenna connectors, plus additional receive antenna jacks. Despite its advanced internal architecture, including two independent receivers with their own IF filters and AGC loops, the display technology, utilizing fluorescent discharge rather than LCD, contributes to an older aesthetic. The control panel is extensive, featuring 92 knobs and buttons, alongside numerous LED indicators for various modes and functions.

Understanding Baluns. This article explores some simple antenna system configurations and the effect of key system components, connections and dimensions on feed line common mode current.

Demonstrates the _SQUIRL Field Day Logger_, a specialized software tool designed for efficient contact logging during the annual ARRL Field Day event. The resource details its core functionality, which includes real-time logging to easily readable text files, with filenames structured by callsign, band, and mode (e.g., K8DAA-20M-SSB.txt). It highlights features such as a real-time history grid of previous contacts, a dynamic USA and Canada map displaying contact locations, and a duplicate checker that provides audio notifications and pre-fills class/section data for previously worked stations. The software also includes an ADIF export function, enabling users to transfer logs to other general-purpose logging programs. The software's design emphasizes simplicity and ease of use, allowing for rapid on-the-spot training, as noted by users like W4CMB. It supports various operating systems, including Windows 98 through 8, and has been successfully run on Linux via _Wine_. Key usability enhancements include a "double-size" feature for improved readability and a "Space Mode" for quick field navigation. The version history indicates continuous development from 2001 to 2013, with significant additions like the real-time Field Day Map in 2003 and ADIF export in 2004, which allows for seamless integration with other logging platforms.

The Mt.Vaca Radio Club (Call sign K6MVR ) owns and operates repeater systems in and around Sacramento, California. The systems provide reliable coverage for mobile stations throughout the Sacramento Valley region and beyond to Modesto, Chico, the Sierras, and parts of the Bay Area.

The KP3AV Systems website offers a detailed listing of amateur radio repeaters across Puerto Rico, including operational frequencies and tones for VHF and UHF bands. It features sections dedicated to digital modes like DMR and C4FM, as well as information on FRS, GMRS, and MURS. The resource also includes articles on emergency communications protocols and provides access to Spanish-language manuals for various radio equipment. Recent content covers the new open-source FT2 mode for WSJT-X Improved, upcoming 60-meter band frequency allocations and power restrictions effective February 13, 2026, and discussions on 2-meter contacts with Desecheo Island from Puerto Rico. The site also presents U.S. amateur radio band plans and highlights local contesters like Manuel WP4TZ, offering practical insights into portable operations and contest participation.

Demonstrates various practical amateur radio projects and technical discussions through video episodes. One episode details cutting and retuning a _1/4 wave shorted stub_ from 101.7 MHz to 107.5 MHz to safeguard a transmitter's driver stage, alongside insights into advanced _160-meter antenna systems_ like eight-circle arrays and beverage antennas. Another segment covers upgrading firmware on an _ATS-20+_ receiver using AverDudes for improved display and functionality, and a detailed guide on using D-Star DR mode on an _ICOM ID-52A_ for international repeater programming. Additional content includes a deep dive into _OpenHamClock_ as a potential replacement for the HamClock project, updates on _Raspberry Pi 5_ running Trixie OS, and a review of the Choyong LC90 Internet radio with AI integration. The series also features "Ham College" episodes, which meticulously prepare viewers for the Technician Exam by covering topics such as antenna and transmission line measurements, SWR interpretation, and the functions of basic electronic components like rectifiers, relays, and transistors. Practical advice on coaxial cable characteristics, dummy loads, and proper soldering techniques is also provided.

MFSK is an easy-to-use chat mode for real-time amateur contacts, nets and bulletin transmissions, but not intended for contesting or Bulletin Board System (BBS) use. It is a half-duplex non-Automatic Repeat ReQuest (ARQ) forward-error-correcting (FEC) mode. It performs well on long-path fading conditions and in the presence of interference

Kenwood Ibérica's online presence details their extensive product line, including the NEXEDGE NXDN and DMR digital radio systems, alongside traditional analog offerings. The site categorizes transceivers by mode, such as HF / Todo Modo (All Mode), and portable/mobile VHF/UHF units, catering to various amateur radio operating preferences. This includes specific accessories like batteries, chargers, microphones, and programming cables, essential for maintaining and customizing radio equipment. The Spanish portal also highlights Kenwood's broader electronics portfolio, extending beyond amateur radio. This encompasses car electronics, featuring navigation and multimedia systems, as well as marine receivers and speakers. The product range covers everything from CD and CD-less car receivers to power amplifiers and DashCam/RearCam solutions, demonstrating the brand's diverse market reach. Beyond communications gear, the site presents home audio systems, including all-in-one receivers and portable party speakers. This breadth of offerings underscores Kenwood's long-standing presence in both the consumer electronics and two-way radio sectors, providing a centralized resource for product information and support.

Protecting amateur radio equipment from transient overvoltages requires robust lightning and surge protection, which is the focus of Electronic Specialty Products. The company provides various devices, including coaxial lightning arrestors for antenna feedlines and surge protectors for AC power lines and data circuits. These devices are engineered to divert high-energy surges, such as those caused by direct or indirect lightning strikes, away from sensitive transceivers, amplifiers, and computer components, thereby preventing catastrophic damage. Key products include the _Coaxial Lightning Protector_ series, designed for various impedance levels and frequency ranges up to 3 GHz, and the _AC Line Surge Protector_ for shack power distribution. Effective deployment of these protection devices can significantly reduce the risk of equipment failure and ensure operational continuity during severe weather. For instance, a properly installed coaxial arrestor can handle peak currents of **20 kA**, while AC line protectors offer clamping voltages typically below 400V. Comparing different models reveals varying levels of insertion loss and return loss, with some coaxial units exhibiting less than 0.1 dB loss at 500 MHz, making them suitable for high-performance HF and VHF/UHF operations. Integrating these components into a comprehensive grounding system is crucial for achieving maximum protection against both common-mode and differential-mode surges.

RACOM is a Czech company specialized in design and production of radio modems and other devices for wireless data networks for radio channels from 140 to 900 MHz. RACOM radio data networks are suitable for data transfer in telemetry & SCADA applications, transaction networks, security systems, IP networks and firts of all mobile tracking and fleet management.

The NG7M Web Cluster, maintained by W7CT and NG7M, offers real-time DX spotting information crucial for amateur radio operators engaged in DXing and contesting activities. This service aggregates DX spots from various sources, presenting them in a user-friendly format accessible via both web interface and traditional telnet protocols. Operators can monitor band conditions, identify rare DX entities, and track propagation paths across multiple amateur radio bands. This cluster supports a wide range of operating modes and bands, facilitating efficient station operation for both casual DX chasers and serious contesters. The system integrates data from the Reverse Beacon Network (RBN) and PSK Reporter, enhancing its utility by providing automated CW and digital mode spots alongside manually entered voice spots. Access methods include a direct web interface for graphical display and a telnet connection for command-line interaction, catering to different operational preferences. The cluster's data stream is continuously updated, ensuring timely information for making critical operating decisions.

HSCW/WSJT meteorscatter/path simulator a first attempt at trying to model meteorscatter events and simulate their transmission characteristics

May 2015 Radcom Article on common-mode chokes that can be used for control cables, phone lines, but mostly on typical HF antenna systems. This article explain what common mode chokes does, why you meay need one, properties common mode chokes should have, how to build and measure performances.

PZTLog is a freeware amateur radio logging application designed for Windows operating systems, facilitating rapid **QSO entry** and management. It integrates features such as DXCC statistics tracking, a built-in DX Cluster client, and support for various digital modes including PSK31, PSK63, PSK125, and RTTY. The software provides a straightforward interface for inputting essential contact details and supports real-time interaction with DX spotting networks, enhancing the operator's situational awareness during operating sessions. The application's utility extends to contest logging, offering a streamlined approach for competitive operating. PZTLog's capability to manage **DXCC awards** and integrate with digital mode operations positions it as a versatile tool for general logging and specific contest scenarios. Its design prioritizes ease of use for quick data entry, making it suitable for operators who require efficient logging without extensive configuration.

A 200 kHz bandwidth digital transmission system for image transfer in the Amateur Service is under development, specifically targeting VHF allocations. John B. Stephensen, KD6OZH, leads this project under an FCC Special Temporary Authority (STA) valid until September 10, 2006, authorizing emissions up to 200 kHz bandwidth in the 50.3-50.8 MHz segment. Current regulations typically limit bandwidths to 20 kHz on VHF amateur bands, making this STA crucial for testing wideband digital modes. The modem, a modified **OFDM** (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexed) unit, was initially tested on the 70-cm band. It splits a high-rate data stream into multiple low-rate subcarriers to mitigate multipath echoes. The system uses a DCP-1 card with a Xilinx XC3S400 FPGA and Oki Semiconductor ML67Q5003 microcontroller. The transmitter, located at 36d 46m 30s N, 119d 46m 22s W, generates 150 WPEP into an 8 dBi gain vertical antenna, while the mobile receiver uses a Ham-stick. Three data formats for 50, 100, and 200 kHz channels are being tested, with encoded data rates of 96, 192, and 384 kbps. Verilog code for the VHF OFDM modem is 95% simulated, with modifications from the UHF version including increased filter coefficient precision and a change from Ungerboeck **TCM** to BICM for improved performance over fading paths. Final tests will involve one-way over-the-air measurements of bit error rates and coverage area.

Presents a detailed resource for DXers interested in Non-Directional Radiobeacons (NDBs), MF, HF, and VHF propagation beacons, and various other radiobeacon types. The site offers access to downloadable information files, including an Abbreviations List, NDB List Country List, and NDB Publications List, which serve as foundational materials for newcomers to the hobby of beacon monitoring and DXing. It covers specialized topics such as DGPS beacons, GMDSS DSC mode, and NAVTEX mode, with dedicated sections providing in-depth explanations. A Beacon Photo Gallery showcases diverse radiobeacon types from around the globe, offering visual context for different systems encountered in the field. The platform also facilitates participation in unique monthly Coordinated Listening Events (CLEs), providing guidelines and schedules for these activities. The resource outlines various associated Groups.io lists, including the primary NDB List for radiobeacons (NDBs, Propagation Beacons, VOR systems), the DGPS List for DGPS DXing, Time Signals, LORAN, and WeFAX modes, and specialist groups like NavtexDX and DSC List for GMDSS-DSC. It details how to join these communities for further engagement and information exchange.

W-CODE is a professional digital mode decoder system capable to decode many digital signals on HF, VHF/UHF, SHF and SATELLITE bands.

Operating RTTY digital mode, this resource provides access to various versions of the _2Tone_ software engine, specifically designed for decoding and encoding RTTY signals. It details the evolution of the software, highlighting a significant technical requirement change where versions 24.09b through 26.01a necessitate a PC CPU with the AVX instruction set, a crucial detail for operators considering system compatibility. The page lists numerous historical and current releases, enabling users to select a version compatible with their hardware and operating environment. The utility of 2Tone lies in its ability to interface with established amateur radio programs such as _N1MM Logger+_, WriteLog, and QARtest, enhancing their RTTY capabilities. While specific performance metrics like decoding accuracy or WPM limits are not quantified on this page, the availability of multiple versions, including those without AVX requirements, suggests a commitment to broad user accessibility. The software's integration with major contest logging applications indicates its primary application in competitive RTTY operations, where reliable decoding is paramount for achieving high scores.

Presents the **BayCom** packet radio system, detailing both its hardware and software components specifically designed for amateur radio use. The resource offers insights into the technical specifications and operational aspects of the BayCom modem, which has been a staple for many German packet radio enthusiasts. It covers the integration of these components within a typical amateur radio station setup, enabling reliable digital communication. Further, the site provides a broader context by including general information about the German packet radio network. This encompasses network topology, operational protocols, and historical developments relevant to packet radio in the region. Users can find details on how to connect to and utilize the existing infrastructure, fostering participation in the local digital amateur radio community.

This site is devoted to promoting RSQ as an improved signal reporting system for narrow band digital modes and to demonstrating its application to the popular PSK31 mode.

Presents a construction project for a 1:1 current balun, specifically detailing the _Sorbie Balun and Bottle Choke_ design. The resource outlines the winding technique, employing 4+4 turns of mini coaxial cable on a large ferrite core, and provides insights into the physical assembly. It includes specific material recommendations, such as the type of ferrite and coaxial cable, crucial for achieving the desired impedance transformation and common-mode current suppression. The content covers the practical steps involved in building the balun, from preparing the coaxial cable to securing the windings on the ferrite toroid. It also discusses the integration of the balun into an antenna system, emphasizing its role in maintaining pattern integrity and reducing RF interference in the shack. The resource offers a clear, step-by-step approach, making the project accessible for homebrewers. Illustrations and photographs accompany the text, visually guiding the builder through each stage of construction. The article concludes with performance expectations and considerations for deployment, ensuring the constructed balun functions effectively across the intended frequency range.

Presents the VHFDX.EU web cluster, a specialized resource for VHF, UHF, and microwave DX spotting. It details the cluster's functionality, including real-time spot aggregation and a DXCluster Map interface for visualizing activity. The resource highlights its integration with the MMMonVHF backbone, ensuring a robust data flow for monitoring band openings and propagation events across higher frequencies. It also references reviews of the ON4KST and N0UK chat systems, which are frequently used in conjunction with VHF DX operations. The platform offers a mobile-optimized view for on-the-go access to DX spots, catering to portable and mobile operators. It further provides daily ES (Sporadic E) spot summaries, a critical feature for VHF operators tracking this specific propagation mode. The cluster serves as a central point for operators to share and receive information on rare grid squares, contest activity, and general band conditions above 50 MHz.

Marshall G. Emm, N1FN, meticulously examines iambic keying, dissecting its historical introduction in the late 1950s with transistorized electronic keyers and its purported advantages. The resource defines keying systems, electronic keyers, and various paddle types, including single-lever and dual-lever paddles, clarifying the distinction between iambic keyers and the iambic sending technique itself. It details the two main types of squeeze keying: true squeeze for alternating dot-dash strings and character insertion for specific elements within a character. N1FN critically evaluates the actual efficiency gains of iambic keying, referencing Chuck Adams, K7QO's, keystroke analysis. While a straight key to bug transition yields a 34.1% reduction and a bug to non-iambic keyer offers 16.1%, iambic keying provides only an 11% theoretical improvement. However, considering typical QSO text and Morse code's inherent optimization for common letters, the practical efficiency gain is estimated at a modest 4-6%. The article also highlights how iambic keying's reliance on precise timing gates can impose a speed limit, making it less effective above 40 WPM, where many operators revert to non-iambic methods or single-lever paddles.

The Reverse Beacon Network (RBN) graph presents a dynamic visualization of amateur radio spots, specifically tracking CW, BPSK, and RTTY signals over the last 15 minutes. Users can filter these real-time spots by DX continent, spotter continent, and individual frequency bands, including **160m through 70cm**. The interface also offers a bandwidth reduction option, which is particularly useful for operators with limited internet connectivity. This resource provides a unique perspective on propagation conditions and station performance by aggregating data from various _Reverse Beacon Network_ nodes. It automatically refreshes every 10 seconds, ensuring that the displayed information is current and relevant for active DXers and contesters. The graph's Y-axis represents time, with each spot indicating activity within a one-minute interval. Beyond the primary RBN graph, the platform also features dedicated maps for both DXCluster and RBN data, including azimuthal projections. An additional FT8 graph is available, though noted as being under construction, indicating ongoing development to expand its utility for digital mode enthusiasts. The system was developed by HA8TKS, with the initial concept attributed to CT1BOH.

PACTOR-II is a fully backward-compatible improvement to the original PACTOR system. It is an adaptive mode that applies different modulation and encoding methods depending on the channel quality.