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Over 25,000 amplifiers and sub-assemblies were produced by Angle Linear for the communications industry over a 40-year period. The company specialized in **high-linearity RF products**, focusing on preamplifiers, bandpass filters, and receiver multicouplers. Specific product lines included PHEMT and GaAs FET preamplifiers, offering both quadrature and single-ended configurations for various signal levels. The offerings encompassed coaxial and combline bandpass filters, along with integrated filter-preamplifier assemblies. The company also provided custom RF assemblies, addressing applications such as MRI preamplifiers, passive radar, and EME (moon bounce). Their product range covered VHF and UHF frequencies, including specific designs for 2m, 70cm, and 23cm bands, often featuring high IP3 performance. Technical documentation, such as filtering application notes and duplexer theory, was also associated with their product offerings.

Antennas, Filters, accessories, wattmeters, tuners and amplifiers.

AEA Technology Inc. is a pioneer and leading manufacturer of RF and cable test equipment for the wireless, Telco, CATV, NMR & MRI, RFID, telemetry, aviation, commercial, military, and two-way radio industries. Produces SWR Meters, Pre Amplifiers, filters, power meters and antenna testing products

ADIF Master is a Windows program for working with amateur radio log-books. ADIF Master convert Cabrillo, TR, CT logs or a part of it into an ADIF file. Also you can use ADIF Master to open and edit ADIF log files using filters, add and remove or modify ADIF tags and entries

Technical reference about Accessories, Amplifiers, Antennas, Cable and Connectors, Filters, Geography, Grounding, Gunk, Matching Networks, Projects, Propagation Info Radios, RFI/EMI, Rotors, Station Setup, Towers.

adsbScope is a freeware Windows application designed for processing _ADS-B_ (Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast) frames received from a compatible decoder. It identifies aircraft, calculates their real-time positions, and presents flight parameters in both alphanumeric tables and a graphical display. The software interfaces via a virtual COM port, receiving raw frames to provide detailed situational awareness, including a global coordinate grid, continental coastlines, over 4,000 **airport** locations, and major cities. Users can overlay OpenStreetMap tiles and view world state boundaries, with each tracked aircraft rendered with labels showing altitude, speed, heading, squawk code, and flight identifiers. When paired with the adsbPIC-decoder, adsbScope enables advanced hardware control, allowing users to toggle data filters for specific frames like DF17/18/19, adjust analog signal thresholds for reception fine-tuning, and manage system resets or bootloader activation directly from the PC. This functionality provides a customizable toolkit for hobbyist radar listeners, offering a robust alternative to commercial tools for processing aircraft data. The software displays up to **1090 MHz** transponder data and can track aircraft up to 250 nautical miles.

Demonstrates a **DX cluster** web service providing real-time amateur radio spot reports, propagation information, and solar data. The platform integrates features such as a gray line map, **DXCC** tracking, and a personal logbook, allowing users to manage their confirmed entities and contacts. It supports various bands from 160m to 70cm, including specific filters for modes like FT8/FT4, and offers both web and Telnet access for spotting and monitoring. The service provides graphical representations of spot reports, detailing activity across different frequency bands and modes (CW, SSB, digital). Registered users gain access to advanced functionalities, including personalized filters and tools for calculating DXCC status. The platform also includes a classifieds section and options for mobile access, catering to a broad range of amateur radio operators interested in DXing and contesting.

A lot of good informations concerning antennas, filters, moonbounce, and circuitry data.

Demonstrates the construction of a **homebrew spectrum analyzer** designed by Wes Hayward, W7ZOI, and Terry White, K7TAU, enabling radio amateurs to build a capable test instrument without significant expense. The resource details a _double-conversion superheterodyne_ circuit, employing intermediate frequencies of 110 MHz and 10 MHz, and covers essential blocks such as the time base, logarithmic amplifier, resolution filters, and local oscillators. It highlights the use of hybrid and monolithic ICs, including mixers, amplifiers, and VCOs, to simplify construction while maintaining performance. The design supports useful measurements in the 50 kHz to 70 MHz range, with methods outlined for extending capabilities into VHF and UHF. The authors emphasize that this analyzer, while simple to build, is intended for serious measurements, requiring careful control of signal levels to avoid spurious responses. It uses an oscilloscope for display, with specific instructions for calibration and adjustment of various stages, including the log amplifier and IF gain. The guide provides detailed schematics and component lists for each section, such as the 110 MHz triple-tuned band-pass filter, which achieved **90 dB** image rejection, a significant improvement over double-tuned circuits. Practical advice on alignment and troubleshooting is included, drawing on the authors' extensive experience in RF circuit design.

Over 75 years of engineering expertise underpins Bird Electronic's offerings in RF power measurement, critical for maintaining peak performance in amateur radio stations and professional communication systems. The company specializes in a range of test equipment, including wattmeters, SWR meters, and antenna analyzers, essential for optimizing antenna systems and ensuring efficient power transfer. Their product line extends to various RF components such as filters, cables, and connectors, all designed to meet stringent technical specifications for reliability and accuracy across diverse frequency bands. Bird Electronic's instruments, like the _Bird 43_ Thruline Wattmeter, are widely recognized for their robust construction and precise measurement capabilities, providing hams with confidence in their station's operational parameters. These tools enable accurate assessment of forward and reflected power, SWR, and modulation characteristics, which are vital for troubleshooting and maximizing radiated power. The company's commitment to innovation ensures that its products remain relevant for modern RF challenges, from HF through microwave applications, supporting both traditional analog and advanced digital modes.

Amateur radio accessories, power supplies, tvi filters, speakers, microphones, swr meters, preamplifiers, switches, cable and connectors,

The page provides detailed information on coax stub filters for multi-transmitter setups, including specific lengths for different bands and types of coax. It also references additional technical notes for further analysis.

Constructing a Lindenblad antenna for 137MHz NOAA satellite reception involves specific design considerations for optimal performance. The resource details the use of 4mm galvanised steel fencing wire, 300-ohm television ribbon cable, and wood/plastic components for the antenna structure. Key dimensions for a 137.58MHz-resonant antenna are provided, derived from the ARRL Satellite Handbook, specifying s, l, w, and d as 42, 926, 893, and 654mm respectively. The antenna is designed for Right Hand Circularly Polarised (RHCP) signals, requiring the four folded dipole elements to be tilted clockwise by 30 degrees. A significant aspect covered is impedance matching between the antenna's 75-ohm impedance and a typical 50-ohm receiver input. A twelfth-wave matching transformer, constructed from 117mm sections of 50-ohm RG-58 and 75-ohm RG-59 coax with a 0.66 velocity factor, is described. The article also addresses coaxial cable and connector selection, recommending 75-ohm Type-N connectors for RG-6 cable in professional setups and F56/F59 connectors for general use, while strongly advising against PL-259/SO-259 connectors for VHF. Strategies for mitigating Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) are discussed, including antenna placement to shield from local TV transmitters and the use of commercial or DIY band-pass filters, such as cavity resonators or helical notch filters, along with ferrite chokes on coaxial cables. Antenna orientation is explored, noting the Lindenblad's 'cone of silence' directly overhead and its maximized sensitivity towards the horizon. An experimental vertical tilt of 90 degrees is presented as a method to improve overhead reception and reduce interference from strong horizontal signals, particularly relevant in high RFI environments like the Siding Spring Observatory site.

RadioQTH's Vanity Calls service provides a utility for US amateur radio operators to locate available vanity callsigns, specifically focusing on the shortest possible options. The system filters through all potential callsigns within a user's license class and presents only those currently unused, with results weighted by either their actual character length or their equivalent length in _Morse code_. This approach assists hams in securing memorable and efficient callsigns for CW operation. The service also lists recently granted vanity callsigns, sorted by prefix, offering insight into current FCC assignments. It clarifies the common misconception that callsigns are granted on a first-come, first-served basis, explaining the random selection process for applications received on the same day. The platform updates frequently, providing current data on available 1x2, 2x1, 2x2, 1x3, and 2x3 callsign formats, which are highly sought after by _Extra Class_ and _Advanced Class_ licensees.

The RigPix database entry provides a comprehensive technical overview of the Icom IC-746 amateur HF/VHF transceiver, detailing its operational parameters and physical characteristics. It specifies the transmit frequency ranges across 10-160 meters plus WARC bands, 50-54 MHz, and 144-146/148 MHz, alongside receive coverage from 0.03-60 MHz and 108-174 MHz. The resource outlines supported modes including AM, FM, SSB, CW, and RTTY, noting a tuning step resolution down to 1 Hz and a frequency stability of ±5 ppm. Key electrical specifications are presented, such as a 13.8 VDC power supply requirement, current drain figures for RX (1.8-2 A) and TX (Max 20 A), and RF output power ranging from 5-40 W for AM and 5-100 W for FM, SSB (PEP), and CW. The entry details the triple conversion superheterodyne receiver system, listing IF frequencies at 69.01 MHz, 9.01 MHz, and 455 KHz, along with sensitivity ratings for various modes and bands. Transmitter section specifics include modulation systems and spurious emission levels. Additional features like a built-in auto ATU, electronic keyer, simple spectrum scope, DSP, and CI-V computer control are noted. The page also lists related documents, modifications, and an extensive array of optional accessories, including various filters, microphones, and external tuners, providing a complete profile of the IC-746.

The I0JXX is an italian company that offers market their projects, also sells electronic products of high quality, both for Ham, both Broadcast and their accessories. VHF Antennas, mosfet power amplifiers, filters, insulators, power dividers, telescopic poles, antenna masts

Provide components to the amateur who wants to construct their own gear and to the professional who wants to save money and time in prototyping their circuit design, Filters, HF Amplifiers, Splitter Combiners, VHF Amplifiers, ATV

The Adonis Electric Co., Ltd. catalog details a range of amateur radio microphones, including mobile, desktop, and bike-specific models, alongside essential accessories. Featured products include the _FX-6_ flexible microphone and various interconnecting cables designed for seamless integration with transceivers from Icom, Yaesu, and Kenwood. The catalog also presents specialized items like microphone selectors, alternator noise filters, and peripherals such as voice memory units and double VOX controllers, enhancing operational flexibility for hams. These products are engineered to improve audio clarity and operational convenience for amateur radio operators, particularly in mobile and fixed station environments. The inclusion of conversion codes ensures compatibility across major transceiver brands, simplifying setup. The alternator noise filter addresses common mobile RFI issues, contributing to cleaner signal reception and transmission, which is crucial for effective DXing and contesting.

Constructing a functional spectrum analyzer for the 0-100 MHz range presents a significant challenge for radio amateurs, often requiring specialized components and careful calibration. This project details a homebrew spectrum analyzer design utilizing common integrated circuits like the _SA605D_ FM receiver IC and _MAR-6_ MMIC amplifiers, aiming for a cost-effective solution. The design incorporates a low-pass filter, RF amplification, a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) for downconversion, and multiple IF stages at 150 MHz and 10.7 MHz, with a resolution bandwidth (RBW) of 15 kHz. Critical components such as the _SBL-1_ mixer and varicap diodes are specified, alongside instructions for winding inductors and tuning filters. The analyzer's performance is discussed in terms of input level limitations, specifically the 1dB-compression point and third-order intercept point, to ensure accurate measurements and prevent component damage. The _SA605D_'s logarithmic Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) output serves as the detector, driving the Y-input of an oscilloscope, while a _TL084_ op-amp generates the sweep signal for the X-input. Potential enhancements include adding a step attenuator, improving front-end filtering, and implementing switchable IF filters for variable RBW, allowing for greater versatility in analyzing RF signals.

HD Communications Corp specializes in **RF and microwave amplifiers** engineered for demanding communication, defense, and industrial applications. Their product line includes precision-built, high-power solutions, along with RF connectors, filters, HF cables, and various accessories. The company also supplies tower hardware, valves, and tubes, catering to a broad spectrum of radio frequency infrastructure needs. Beyond amplifiers, HD Communications offers a range of **RF filters**, including low-pass filters, antenna filters, and solutions for RFI/TVI mitigation. Their inventory encompasses essential components like coaxial cable and various connector types, supporting both amateur radio and professional installations. The company operates as a manufacturer and vendor, providing direct sales of its specialized RF products.

Demonstrates practical solutions for reducing **Radio Frequency Interference (RFI)** in amateur radio operating environments, specifically addressing issues with PC monitors, receivers, and transceivers. The resource compiles advice from experienced operators regarding the selection and application of ferrite cores, including split cores and toroidal cores. It details specific material types like **43, 73, 75, and 77 ferrite**, outlining their effective frequency ranges for RFI suppression, such as 43 material for 30-400 MHz and 77 material for 2-30 MHz. The content provides part numbers for various ferrite products from manufacturers like Fair-Rite Products Corp, distributed by Amidon, and discusses their impedance characteristics across different HF bands. It compares the performance of various ferrite materials at frequencies like 4 MHz, noting that 75 material offers 27 ohms, 73 material 17 ohms, and 43 material just under 10 ohms. Additionally, it touches upon the use of bypass capacitors in conjunction with ferrites to create low-pass filters, emphasizing the importance of identifying common-mode versus differential-mode RFI paths for effective mitigation.

QRZCQ.com provides a centralized online platform for amateur radio operators, integrating a global callsign database with DX Cluster functionality. The service features real-time DX spotting, filtering capabilities for specific bands (e.g., 160m, 80m, 40m, 20m, 15m, 10m), and specialized filters for awards like IOTA, SOTA, WWFF, and QRP activity. It also includes a logbook, QSL manager lookup, contest calendar, and various ham radio articles and news feeds, supporting a wide range of operating activities and information retrieval. The platform aggregates data from multiple sources, offering a dynamic view of on-air activity and callsign information. Users can register for free to access additional services, including a personal logbook, buddy lists, and chat features, fostering community interaction among over 198,600 registered users. The DX Cluster displays recent spots with frequency, DX call, spotter, and remarks, covering bands from VLF to VHF. Beyond DX spotting, the site provides resources such as repeater directories, propagation information, and a swapmeet, making it a multi-faceted tool for both casual browsing and serious DXing or contesting. The service also highlights active users, latest news, articles, and videos, keeping the content fresh and relevant.

TX RX Systems Inc. offers a robust catalog of RF conditioning products, including **transmitter combiners**, receiver multicouplers, and various RF filters. Their extensive experience, spanning over 45 years in the RF and Land Mobile Radio (LMR) industries, underpins their specialized offerings. They provide solutions for in-building RF coverage, repeater systems, and general RF management, catering to the demanding requirements of professional radio communications. Their product line features **bidirectional amplifiers (BDAs)**, signal boosters, and cavity filters, essential components for optimizing radio system performance. The company emphasizes reliable solutions, leveraging decades of field-proven expertise in designing and manufacturing critical RF infrastructure. From duplexers to cell enhancers, TX RX Systems focuses on delivering high-quality RF components and integrated systems designed to ensure clear and consistent radio signal integrity across diverse operational environments.

The 2.1 kHz wide European LF allocation between 135.7 and 137.8 kHz is detailed in this observed band plan, offering guidance for activity within this narrow segment. It specifically addresses the challenge of locating weak signals, such as those from Slow-CW stations, which can have bandwidths of only a few Hertz. The resource emphasizes the utility of precise frequency knowledge when operating with narrow DSP filters, like a 30 Hz filter for CW, to differentiate multiple stations within a very small band segment. The plan, though not officially recognized, provides practical orientation for operators, particularly those new to the _LF band_. It references a similar plan published by the _RSGB_ in the January 2000 issue of _RADCOM_, suggesting a community-driven approach to band organization. The content highlights the importance of spectral awareness, noting that multiple stations can occupy minimal bandwidth, a concept illustrated by spectrographic analysis.

A range of easy-to-build RFI filters by John Regnault, G4SWX

RFAC Solutions specializes in providing a range of RF components, including various connector types, cable assemblies, attenuators, and filters. Their product line features common connector standards such as SMA, BNC, TNC, N-Type, MCX, and MMCX, essential for reliable RF signal paths in amateur radio and commercial applications. The company also offers high-power VHF amplifiers, catering to needs for signal boosting in specific frequency ranges. Their offerings extend to dust caps and adapters, which are crucial for maintaining the integrity and versatility of RF systems. The focus on supplying components from South Korea suggests a commitment to specific manufacturing standards and supply chain practices. This resource details a vendor's product scope, useful for hams sourcing specific parts for shack builds or antenna projects. Jeff is listed as a contact for inquiries.

Industrial Communication Engineers (ICE) was a manufacturer specializing in **RF components** and solutions for amateur radio and commercial applications. Their product line included a range of RF parts, various types of filters, and RF switching products designed to enhance station performance and mitigate interference. These components were critical for hams engaged in contesting, DXing, or general operating, providing means to improve signal integrity and manage complex antenna systems. The company's offerings addressed common operational challenges such as RFI and TVI, with products like **low pass filters** and antenna filters. While the specific technical specifications of their product range are no longer available, such components typically provided significant attenuation of unwanted harmonics and out-of-band emissions, crucial for maintaining a clean signal and preventing interference with other electronic devices. The current status indicates the domain is for sale, suggesting the manufacturing operations have ceased.

Demonstrates how to construct an automatic band decoder, moving beyond manual selector switches for antenna and filter control. It addresses the challenge of varying band data outputs from different transceivers: Icom rigs provide voltage values, Yaesu rigs use Binary Coded Decimal (BCD), and Kenwood rigs lack direct band data output. The resource highlights a clever solution utilizing logging software like _CT (K1EA)_ and _DX4WIN_ to emulate Yaesu's BCD output via a PC's printer port, making the decoder compatible with any rig. The author details experiences building decoders based on designs by Bob _K6XX_ and Guy _ON4AOI_, noting K6XX's simple TTL chip design and ON4AOI's more comprehensive, opto-isolated unit capable of controlling ten outputs and bandpass filters like the _Dunestar_. It also references a _W9XT_ board design, which Steve Wilson, G3VMW, modified with BD140 transistors for source drivers, emphasizing safety. The author successfully cased an ON4AOI-based decoder in an old modem case, connecting it to an FT1000MP or a PC printer port to drive remote relays and a Dunestar Band Pass Filter.

Sherwood Engineering Inc. (SEI) offers a repository of technical presentations and white papers focused on optimizing amateur radio transceiver and receiver performance. Content includes detailed analyses of _roofing filters_, transmitted IMD, and receiver characteristics, with specific discussions on products like the Drake R-4C and Icom IC-781. Presentations from events such as Dayton Contest University (2008-2014) cover topics like "How To Optimize Rig Performance," "Transceiver Performance: 10 Years of Change," and "Choosing a Transceiver: Far from Simple." Additional white papers address HF mobile antenna efficiency, ground screen alternatives to buried radial systems, and common receiver problems with solutions. The site also provides historical product information for items like the SE-3 MK IV synchronous AM detector and various 455 kHz mechanical and crystal filters, though many products are no longer in production. Receiver test data and alignment tips for the R-4C are also available, offering insights into rig modifications and performance enhancements.

The Yaesu FT-1000MP Mark-V, introduced at Dayton 2000 Hamvention, features a higher RF power of **200 W PEP** and a Class-A amplification SSB mode at 75 W. Key enhancements include an _Interlocked Digital/Analog Bandwidth Tracking system (IDBT)_, a Variable Front-End Filter (VRF) preselector, and improved ergonomics, notably a multi-function shuttle jog dial. This model, a successor to the 1996 FT-1000 and FT-1000MP, was designed to compete with high-end transceivers, despite its retail price of $4200 initially. The transceiver's physical dimensions are 406 x 135 x 348 mm (16 x 5.3 x 13.7 inches) with a weight of 14 kg (31 lbs), making it substantial. Its rear panel offers over 20 connections, including power, external DSP speaker, BAND DATA I/O, ALC, and multiple interface jacks for DVS-2, Packet, and RTTY. The unit also provides two keyer inputs, a DB9M serial interface for CAT, and two PL female antenna connectors, plus additional receive antenna jacks. Despite its advanced internal architecture, including two independent receivers with their own IF filters and AGC loops, the display technology, utilizing fluorescent discharge rather than LCD, contributes to an older aesthetic. The control panel is extensive, featuring 92 knobs and buttons, alongside numerous LED indicators for various modes and functions.

The County Hunting software, version **6.1**, is designed for amateur radio operators focused on USA-CA Award tracking and logging. This application supports _Windows_ environments and facilitates the import and export of ADIF files, enhancing QSL management by integrating electronic confirmations via LoTW and e-QSL. The software has been updated to align with the new award rules managed by MARAC, following the discontinuation of CQ magazine's involvement. Users can visualize QSLs post-scanning and benefit from enhanced ADIF import functionality. Version 5.4 introduced accelerated county searches via FCC databases, with filters for QSL confirmations and e-QSL enhancements. The software also includes a feature for backing up and restoring QSOs by LoTW confirmations. Visual County tools have been refined, offering improved map interactions and the addition of county flags. The software supports various digital modes including FT8, FT4, and SSTV, and includes functionality for PSK250 and 60m bands. The application is multilingual, with support for Italian, English, French, and Spanish, and provides automated updates and web-based county searches. DXZone Focus: County Hunting | ADIF | Windows | LoTW

The resource details the construction of a homebrew 50-watt FET amplifier, based on Don W6JL's _QST Homebrew contest_-winning design from 2009. It functions as an afterburner for QRP transceivers, providing a **12dB** power lift. The amplifier utilizes IRFZ24N FETs and covers the 80, 40, 30, and 20-meter bands, with the 20m LPF extending to 17m. Key technical aspects include an FT37-43 transformer for the input network, a relay-switched 3dB pad for lower bands controlled by an _Arduino Nano_, and an RF-actuated T/R switch. The LPF board integrates four relay-switched filters rated for 50 watts, using capacitors with a minimum 250VDC rating. Performance measurements indicate a power gain ranging from **4.4dB** on 20m to 8.1dB on 80m, with a required drive power of approximately 5 watts. The article also discusses thermal management, current limiting considerations, and component sourcing.

Over 45 years of dedicated work by Robert Sherwood, NC0B, culminated in a wealth of technical insights, particularly concerning **receiver performance** and the intricacies of transceiver design. The site provides access to numerous presentations from events like Dayton Contest University and W4DXCC, covering topics such as optimizing rig performance, the evolution of lab testing, and the impact of roofing filters on transmitted IMD and receiver characteristics. These resources offer detailed analyses and practical advice for serious operators and contesters. While product manufacturing, including the SE-3 MK IV synchronous detector and various Drake R-4C accessories like roofing filters and cooling kits, has ceased, the legacy of technical documentation remains. The site details specific products like the Icom IC-781 and R-9000, and offers insights into 455 kHz mechanical and crystal filters, along with DSP protection strategies. Crucially, the site features extensive receiver test data, allowing radio amateurs to compare the performance of various transceivers. This data, often presented in white papers and slide shows, includes detailed measurements and explanations of key performance metrics, serving as a valuable reference for understanding and selecting high-performance HF gear.

For over 20 years, bhi Ltd has specialized in digital signal processing (DSP) technology to mitigate noise and interference across various radio channels. Their product line, including the _ParaPro EQ20 Audio DSP_ units, focuses on enhancing receive audio quality, even for operators without significant noise issues, by offering precise parametric equalization to suit individual hearing preferences. The core offerings are noise-cancelling speakers and in-line modules, specifically engineered for amateur radio applications, but also adapted for commercial, PMR, and marine radio systems. The company provides audio demonstrations, such as a 20m SSB example and a 14MHz band filter comparison, allowing users to hear the effectiveness of their DSP units against common QRM sources like plasma TV interference or diesel engine noise. Located in Burgess Hill, West Sussex, UK, bhi Ltd emphasizes clear voice communications, aiming to remove unwanted noise and leave only intelligible speech.

ScopeIIR: an Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) digital filter design tool for Windows. It designs high-order IIR filters based on analog filter prototypes, and can design lowpass, highpass, bandpass, and bandstop filters.

Maker of filters, oscillators, cristals Coils, Toroidal Inductions, Solenoids, Bifilar wound Solenoids, Trifilar Solenoids and Transformers Located in Kansas City, Missouri

A DIY Automatic Band Decoder (ABD) project, designed for dual-radio operation, addresses the common challenge of integrating band data with older transceivers lacking dedicated outputs. This particular build utilizes an AVR AT90S8515 microcontroller and a 16x2 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) to provide band information, specifically targeting Kenwood rigs via a computer's LPT port. The design aims for cost-effectiveness while maintaining functionality, offering a solution for hams seeking to add automatic band switching capabilities to their station without significant expense. The project outlines the core components required, including the microcontroller, LCD, and an enclosure, noting that the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) fabrication and AVR programming might present challenges for some builders. It details the input requirements, such as a four-pin input and PTT for each radio, along with a 13.8V DC power supply. The decoder provides 2x6 outputs capable of sinking 500mA, suitable for controlling external devices like antenna switches or filters. Despite the original unit being damaged by a lightning strike in 2004, the author confirms its successful operation prior to the incident and mentions plans for a revised version. The resource includes a schematic in PDF format and images of the finished PCB and assembled unit, demonstrating the practical implementation of the design.

Optimizing weak signal reception on the HF bands, particularly in the presence of strong local QRM, often necessitates specialized receiving antenna systems. This resource details the _HI-Z Antennas_ product line, focusing on phased vertical arrays designed for superior noise rejection and directivity. It covers components such as the 4-Square and 8-Element array controllers, which allow for rapid switching of receive patterns, and dedicated low-noise preamplifiers to improve system sensitivity. The site also presents various bandpass filters, crucial for mitigating out-of-band interference and enhancing the dynamic range of the receiver. The HI-Z systems are engineered to provide significant front-to-back and side rejection, often yielding **20-30 dB** of attenuation to unwanted signals, which is critical for DXing and contesting. Users can achieve a notable reduction in local noise, allowing for the discernment of signals that would otherwise be buried. The array controllers facilitate quick pattern changes, enabling operators to null out interference or peak weak signals from distant stations, effectively extending the reach of their receive capabilities by improving the signal-to-noise ratio.

Operating the _Icom IC-746_ HF/VHF transceiver often presents specific technical questions, and this resource compiles a comprehensive Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) document in an ASCII text format. It details common inquiries and solutions related to the rig's functionality, accessories, and potential modifications. The content is structured into distinct sections addressing general information, power supplies, antennas, microphones, keyers, amplifiers, TNC integration, and optional IF filters. The FAQ provides practical guidance on topics such as configuring the internal automatic antenna tuning unit (ATU), selecting appropriate power supplies, and understanding microphone pin-outs. It also delves into advanced subjects like computer control via CI-V, wiring for PSK31 operation, and troubleshooting common issues like low S-meter readings on 2m FM or loose tuning shafts. Specific questions cover the installation of optional IF filters, comparing Inrad versus Icom filters, and optimizing filter combinations for various modes. Furthermore, the document outlines various hardware and firmware modifications, including those for increasing monitor volume, replacing LCD driver transistors, and implementing a "poor man's TCXO." It even touches upon untested modifications, such as replacing PIN diodes in the demodulator. The FAQ also lists manual errata and discrepancies, offering a robust knowledge base for IC-746 owners seeking to optimize their station or resolve operational challenges.

CW and SSB INRAD narrow filters modification

The _Sci.Electronics FAQ: Repair: RFI/EMI Info_ document, authored by Daniel 9V1ZV, provides a detailed analysis of computer-generated RFI/EMI, focusing on its impact on radio reception. It identifies common RFI sources such as CPU clock rates (e.g., 4.77 MHz to 80 MHz), video card oscillators (e.g., 14.316 MHz), and even keyboard microprocessors, all of which generate square-wave harmonics across HF and L-VHF regions. The resource outlines a systematic procedure for pinpointing RFI origins, including disconnecting peripherals and using a portable AM/SW receiver with a ferrite rod antenna to localize strong interference sources. The document categorizes RFI mitigation into shielding, filtering, and design problems, offering practical solutions for each. It recommends applying conductive sprays like _EMI-LAC_ or _EMV-LACK_ to plastic casings of radios, monitors, and CPUs to create effective Faraday cages, emphasizing proper grounding and avoiding short circuits. For filtering, the guide suggests using line filters, ferrite beads, and toroids on power and data lines, and small value capacitors (e.g., 0.01 uF for serial/parallel, 100 pF for video) to shunt RFI to ground. It also discusses the use of bandpass, high-pass, low-pass, and notch filters on the receiver front-end or antenna feed to combat specific in-band noise.

Amplifiers, filters, attenuators, mixers, PLL, switches and frequency dividers, signal generators, power detectors, transimpedance amplifiers, variable gain amplifiers and more

The program can be used to calculate inductors (coils) and their number of turns on ferrite cores, ferrite shells and air coils. These can be used for baluns, Ununs, bandpass filters, low pass filters, resonant circuits, and more. The technical specifications of the cores are already integrated in the program. Application is free and runs on Windows 32 bit versions only. To make it run on Windows 10 64 bit need to be unzipped in a single folder.

Mobile RFI, often manifesting as persistent noise in the receiver even with the antenna disconnected, frequently originates from the vehicle's power supply system. This guide details systematic troubleshooting steps, beginning with isolating the radio from the car's 12-volt supply to confirm the power system as the noise source. It emphasizes the critical importance of drawing power directly from the battery using **heavy gauge wire**, bypassing the fuse block to leverage the battery's natural capacitance for RFI suppression and ensuring a solid RF ground. Proper routing of power lines through the firewall is also covered, advocating for dedicated grommeted holes to prevent inductive coupling from other wiring harnesses. The article stresses the necessity of fusing both positive and negative leads from the battery, a crucial safety measure to prevent damage to the rig and mitigate high-current risks should the battery's engine block ground become compromised during service. Addressing **alternator whine**, a common high-pitched noise that varies with engine speed, the resource suggests checking battery connections and the alternator-to-battery harness for looseness or corrosion. It also mentions the utility of adding an external RF noise suppression capacitor in parallel with the alternator's internal capacitor for enhanced filtering, and the effectiveness of commercially available in-line power supply filters.

R3KBO is an amateur radio club producing and developing amateur radio kits and assembled products including HF VHF Power Amplifiers or RF Power Kits and amplifier parts, low pass filfers, band pass filters, sourge protections, splitters and combiners, antenna switches

A cavity filter, often a critical component in _duplexer_ designs, functions as a sharply tuned resonant circuit, allowing only specific frequencies to pass while attenuating others. These filters are essential for maintaining signal integrity in environments where multiple transmitters and receivers operate simultaneously on closely spaced frequencies, such as in repeater stations. The article details how these filters, sometimes referred to as _notch filters_, achieve high Q factors, which are crucial for their performance. Understanding the principles of cavity filters is fundamental for any amateur radio operator involved in repeater operation or designing custom RF front-ends. The discussion covers the basic circuitry and operational characteristics that enable these devices to provide significant isolation, often achieving **-80 dB** or more between transmit and receive paths. This level of isolation is vital for preventing receiver desensitization and intermodulation distortion. Properly tuned cavity filters ensure that a repeater can transmit and receive simultaneously on different frequencies without self-interference, a common challenge in VHF/UHF operations.

Constructing a high-performance RF spectrum analyzer up to 1000 MHz requires careful attention to component selection, shielding, and circuit isolation. This resource details a project that improves upon the _Spectrum Analyzer for the Radio Amateur_ design by Wes Hayward (W7ZOI) and Terry White (K7TAU), incorporating ideas from Scotty Sprowls' project, particularly his 1013.3 MHz IF bandpass cavity filter. The analyzer utilizes a Mini-Circuits SRA-11 mixer with a sweeping local oscillator from 1013 to 2013 MHz, feeding into a 4-pole copper pipe cavity filter. The design employs a second SRA-11 mixer with a fixed 1024 MHz LO to produce a 10.7 MHz final IF. This signal then passes through narrowband resolution filters and is processed by Analog Devices AD603 and AD8307 ICs for IF amplification and logarithmic detection, driving an oscilloscope in X/Y mode. The project emphasizes modular construction, using salvaged components and double-sided FR4 material for PCBs, with critical notes on minimizing spurious images through effective shielding and proper voltage regulation for each module. Key components include a Z-Communications V585ME48 VCO for the first LO and a Z-Comm V583ME01 VCO controlled by a Motorola MC145151 PLL for the second LO. An optional Hittite HMC307 step attenuator and K&L 5L121-1000/T5000-O/O low-pass filter manage RF input. Tuning procedures for the 10.7 MHz IF resolution filter are also detailed, showing before-and-after spectrum views.

The TVI filters described in this page worked very well in curing a TVI problem on 2m abd 70cm

Operating in the **microwave** spectrum, Response Microwave, Inc. specializes in the design and manufacturing of RF and microwave signal processing components and subsystems. The company's product line encompasses a wide array of offerings, including Connectivity Series components, rotary joints, phase shifters, cable assemblies, surge protectors, terminations, Hybridline/Couperline products, circulators/isolators, directional couplers, quadrature hybrids, attenuators, custom assemblies, filters/diplexers, DC blocks & bias tees, power dividers/combiners, laser diodes & drivers, high-frequency connectors, and precision test accessories. This extensive catalog supports various applications requiring precise signal manipulation and transmission at elevated frequencies. The resource provides access to a comprehensive product catalog and a dedicated connector catalog, detailing specifications for components like **high-frequency connectors** and test cables. While specific performance data or comparative analyses are not directly presented on the main page, the breadth of products indicates a focus on providing foundational building blocks for microwave systems. The company emphasizes customer service and aims to be a reliable source for RF/Microwave/Optics product requirements, serving a growing customer base with its specialized component offerings.

Sixty-meter repeaters typically use a 1 MHz frequency separation between input and output, while 2-meter repeaters commonly employ a **600 kHz** split and 70-centimeter repeaters use a **5 MHz** offset. This article details the fundamental technical principles of amateur voice repeaters, explaining how they extend VHF/UHF communication range by receiving on one frequency and simultaneously retransmitting on another. It covers essential components such as receivers, transmitters, filters, and antennas, often situated on elevated locations for optimal coverage. The resource delves into the critical challenge of _desensing_—where the repeater's strong transmit signal overpowers its own receiver—and the engineering solutions employed, including antenna separation and the use of high-Q cavity filters. It also explores various control and timing systems, from basic squelch activation to more sophisticated microcontroller-based boards that manage functions like voice identification, time-out timers, and fault protection. Different access methods are discussed, including open access, toneburst, CTCSS subtone, and DTMF, each offering distinct advantages for managing repeater usage and mitigating interference. Furthermore, the article examines repeater linking, both conventional RF methods and modern internet-based solutions, highlighting how linking expands coverage and promotes activity across multiple repeaters or bands. It introduces less common repeater types such as 'parrot' repeaters, which use a single frequency and digital voice recording, and linear translators, capable of relaying multiple signals and modes simultaneously across different bands, often found in amateur satellites.