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A private-public partnership with three main goals to collect weather data contributed by citizens; to make these data available for weather services and homeland security; and to provide feedback to the data contributors so that they have the tools to check and improve their data quality

Operating Morse code (CW) relies on a diverse array of **telegraph keys**, each with unique characteristics and historical significance. This resource presents a personal collection of such keys, offering visual documentation and details on various models. It features early Marconi keys from the 1900s, including specific models like the Marconi Air Ministry Key and Marconi Coastal Station Keys, alongside **Vibroplex** bugs and JRC keys. The collection also highlights rare items such as the Brown Brothers Magnetic Twin Paddle Key, the Eddystone Bug Key, and Swedish SRA Ericsson Keys. Enthusiasts can view examples of GPO Double Current & Single Current Keys, Navy NATO Keys, and specialized aircraft and maritime keys. The site includes information on historical training devices like the OMNIGRAPH and a Morse Inker from 1900, providing context for the evolution of telegraphy equipment. Additionally, the resource showcases unique items like the B2 Spy Set SOE Agents Key and a WW2 Junker U-BOAT KEY, illustrating the varied applications of Morse keys throughout history. The author, G0RDO, also shares details on a home-made paddle key and invites inquiries for acquiring interesting Morse keys.

Next Generation Beacon hardware platform encompasses both analog and digital modes, i.e. CW FSK and MGM in a mixed mode configuration. The advantage of the mixed mode is that humans can decode the CW FSK by ear and the MGM can be decoded by computers way below what is audible. Therefore the MGM can be used for pre-human-conditions or early warning monitoring.

The _DL4EBY_ resource page provides operational data for Earth-Moon-Earth (EME) communications on VHF, UHF, and microwave bands. It includes a 432 MHz and above EME Directory in ASCII and HTML formats. _K1RQG_ provides 432 MHz and up EME Net Notes. EME Operating Procedures were confirmed at the EME Conference 2002 in Prague. A lunar calendar from _DL7APV_ is linked via _G4CCH_'s pages. Resources for CW contest operation include the _PED411i.zip_ file. A "Cheat Sheet 432 & up" is available for EME operations. The _Dubus_ 70cm CW EME Activity Event is referenced for moonbounce activity. DXZone Focus: Operating Activity | Global | EME, CW | VHF, UHF, Microwave

Licensed since February 1991, IK1QBT Tony Gallo shares insights into his extensive amateur radio journey, highlighting his involvement in **DXpeditioning** and contesting. His page lists several callsigns he has operated under, including 3A/IK1QBT, TK/IK1QBT, IA5/IK1QBT, and as an operator for 4U9ITU and 4U0ITU, showcasing a broad range of international activity. Tony's background as an ex-Radio Officer in the Merchant Navy and a Radio Operator for the Italian Maritime Coast Radio Station "ICB/GenoaRadio" provides a unique perspective on radio communications. He is an active member of ARI, INORC, and HSC, and serves as secretary for the Marconi Club ARI LOANO, underscoring his deep engagement within the amateur radio community. His participation in multi-multi operator contest teams like IH9P in the CQWW-CW 2006 and the HQ Italian ARI Contest Team in the IARU HF (2004-05-06) demonstrates a strong commitment to competitive operating, primarily on **CW** and HF bands.

The RBN S-Meter visualizes real-time HF propagation data from the Reverse Beacon Network (RBN). It processes thousands of automated spots per hour, providing a real-time picture of active RF paths on HF bands. Users can set their vantage point using _Region Mode_ or _Grid Square Mode_. Region Mode allows selection from broad geographic areas like E. North America or Europe, while Grid Square Mode uses a Maidenhead grid square and radius for more precise data. The app displays eight region panels, each with horizontal bars for bands 160m through 6m, indicating signal strength with a color ramp from green to red. A dimmer trail shows peak hold values, and an S-unit readout provides additional detail. The app is a free web application accessible on any device, offering a practical tool for ham radio operators interested in CW, RTTY, and FT8 signals. It features a Progressive Web App installation option for enhanced usability on mobile and desktop platforms. Users can install it on Android, iOS, and Windows devices, providing a native app-like experience. The app replaces the previous Windows standalone executable, incorporating user feedback to improve features like grid square mode and automatic location detection.

Iambic and Straight key amateur ham radio CW Morse code practice oscillators for Android. This Android app gives you both straight and iambic CW Morse code practice key oscillators. Each key translates Morse code into English and CW prosigns in real time as you practice. Practice sending Morse code with a straight key oscillator. Settings include WPM, show/hide Morse code/text, choose sidetone 400Hz-800Hz. Adjust the WPM so that you can produce well formed DITs and DAHs at a comfortable speed.

The IK7IMP personal page provides details on the _Ham Portal_ software, an Italian-language application designed for managing amateur radio websites, including an online logbook feature. The resource also mentions the development of a J-pole antenna project, indicating a focus on practical radio construction and design. Content on the site covers general amateur radio topics, with specific mentions of equipment from manufacturers like Yaesu, Icom, and Kenwood, alongside antenna brands such as KLM and Tonna. The page serves as a hub for Icilio Carlino's amateur radio activities, offering insights into his interests in DXing, contesting (CW), and general radio operation. It also includes information relevant to the local amateur radio community in Lecce and Salento, Italy, referencing the Associazione Italiana Radioamatori (ARI) and the IQ7AF project.

This resource indicates that the specific page detailing the RockMite QRPp Rig CW transceiver project, previously hosted by WY3A on QSL.net, is currently inaccessible. The QSL.net platform, which provides free web hosting services to over 30,000 amateur radio operators and organizations, confirms the file or page no longer exists. Users are advised to attempt direct contact with the website owner or utilize an internet search to locate the content. The platform's error message clarifies that QSL.net support cannot assist in finding individual missing pages due to the decentralized maintenance of its numerous hosted sites. It encourages reporting any missing files related to the QSL.net main site itself. Donations are encouraged to support the free email and web services provided to the amateur radio community.

G3CWI contest software reviews, compare NA SD TR CT and WriteLog

ARI Fano marconi CW contest

The SDRcom platform provides a unique browser-native Software Defined Radio experience, emulating a traditional radio with a physical VFO dial, switches, and an analog meter. It integrates a high-resolution 64k FFT waterfall display, supporting essential modes like AM, FM, SSB, and CW. The **SDRcom Blue** version interfaces with SDRplay® receivers via a local WebSocket, while the free **Red Lite** version supports RTL-SDR V3/V4 dongles through WebUSB, including basic audio EQ and 100 memory slots, along with FT8 decoding. For advanced operators, the Red Pro version expands capabilities with 1000 memory slots, upgraded high-resolution waterfalls, and enhanced W4PAH FT8, FT4, and WSPR decoder engines. It also incorporates 4-band DSP noise reduction and an intelligent band scanner, proving beneficial for weak-signal work. The Network edition extends functionality to access hundreds of global remote SDRs, and an ADS-B aircraft decoding feature with 3D positioning and mapping is also available. All SDRcom applications are designed to run directly in a web browser, eliminating the need for any software installation. This approach simplifies access and setup for radio enthusiasts, from casual SWLs to dedicated digital mode operators, allowing immediate engagement with the airwaves.

Developing operational amateur radio equipment for the 134 GHz band presents significant technical challenges, particularly in frequency generation and stability. This resource details the construction of a 134 GHz system, outlining its architecture with separate transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) modules, each employing a local oscillator (LO) and RF head units. The system utilizes a dual Flann 50 GHz lens-type horn antenna configuration for optimal signal coupling. The transmit path incorporates an LMX2541 synthesizer chip operating at approximately 2.8 GHz, referenced by a 10 MHz double-oven Morion OCXO for exceptional stability. This signal is multiplied through a series of stages (X4, then X2) to generate a 22.4 GHz signal, which subsequently drives a dual series diode multiplier to produce the final X6 signal for 134 GHz operation. The receive side features an anti-parallel diode mixer coupled to a 144 MHz transceiver via a preamplifier, ensuring effective downconversion. Operational mode is CW, achieved by keying a multiplier stage. The project includes images of the Tx and Rx head units and describes a successful 3.5 km test with G8ACE, demonstrating stable signal tones due to PLLs locked to OCXOs at both ends, confirming the system's robust performance.

Personal webpage of AE7XQ with information for those starting out in amateur radio and those who are interested in CW and QRP.

Bloomfield Amateur Radio Club Connecticut

3905 Century Club offer nets on 20, 40, 75, 80, and 160 meters operating with a mixture of SSB, CW, RTTY and PSK-31 modes

Tips and tricks for CW contesting by KH2D

AB0CW's Amateur and Antique Radio Page, Boathanchors, key and bugs

A 160 Metre Transmitting and Receiving Thin Wire Magnetic Loop Capable of DX. Designed and Patented by Ben Edginton G0CWT

A review of the MFJ-259B Antenna Analyser writtten by G3CWI

This PDF document outlines the process for establishing an **OpenWebRX+** station utilizing Software Defined Radio (SDR) devices on a Linux platform, specifically Debian Bookworm. It details the capabilities of such a setup, including reception across various frequency bands supported by the SDR hardware and the decoding of multiple modes like FM, WideFM, SSB, AM, ADSB, FT8, and CW, with examples provided for FT8 reception and mapping, sensor data, and ADSB. The guide recommends specific hardware configurations, suggesting older x86-64 laptops with 4GB RAM or Raspberry Pi 4 models for the host system. For SDR devices, it endorses **RTL-SDRv3/v4** or HackRF, noting the necessary driver installations for RTL-SDR. The software installation sequence is meticulously laid out, from installing Debian Bookworm to adding OpenWebRX+ repositories, installing the application, and configuring device-specific drivers. Authored by Christian Horn (JL1AYH), the resource also includes a brief personal background of the author. It concludes with instructions for accessing the OpenWebRX+ interface via a web browser, either locally or remotely over a network, and provides contact information for further inquiries.

The _RTL-SDR V4_ dongle offers a tuning range from approximately 500 kHz to 1.7 GHz, encompassing HF, VHF, UHF, and microwave amateur allocations, with direct sampling improvements for HF reception. This guide outlines two primary installation methods for _OpenWebRX_ on a Raspberry Pi: utilizing an official Raspberry Pi image or employing a Docker installation. It also provides specific recommendations for Raspberry Pi models such as the 3/3B+, 4, and Zero 2 W, alongside practical advice for antenna selection and placement to optimize reception. _OpenWebRX_ is an open-source, browser-based SDR software package that facilitates web-accessible radio reception. The setup results in a receiver featuring a live waterfall display and demodulation capabilities for AM, FM, SSB, and CW modes. This configuration can be deployed for public access or restricted to a private network, depending on the operator's preference. Further sections address common troubleshooting scenarios and offer tips for mitigating noise, ensuring a stable and effective SDR listening station. The _RTL-SDR V4_ also integrates improved front-end filtering and a software-switchable bias tee, enhancing its utility for various amateur radio applications.

How to add the YF-122CN 300 Hz CW filter or YAESU XF-119SN 2,3 Khz SSB filter in the Yaesu FT-857

General station info and Paddle Museum (online display of keys and paddles)

The Vibroplex Collector’s Page details the history and identification of Vibroplex semi-automatic telegraph keys, commonly known as "bugs." It traces the evolution from Horace G. Martin's 1902 Autoplex, which required a battery, to the fully mechanical Vibroplex patented in 1904. The resource explains how these keys generate automatic dots and manual dashes, helping telegraphers mitigate Repetitive Motion Disorder (RMD) and increase sending speed, thus improving their earnings. The site also covers the initial design by Alfred Vail in 1844, Jesse Bunnell's 1881 "Triumph Key," and William O. Coffe's 1904 "Mecograph." This page assists owners in identifying their Vibroplex models and determining their manufacturing dates, providing insights into the company's long history and notable figures like J. E. Albright. It notes that approximately 300,000 Vibroplexes have been produced since 1904, with the Original model still in production after more than 90 years. The resource also touches upon various Vibroplex models, including unusual, scarce, and common types, alongside legal and illegal clones from other manufacturers.

DF0WD/DL4YHF's Longwave Overview details amateur radio operations on the 135.7 to 137.8 kHz segment in Germany. The author outlines the "inofficial" European band plan, specifying segments for QRSS, TX tests, beacons, conventional CW, and data modes. Early LF activities at DF0WD began with a 20-watt CW transmitter, later upgraded to a homemade linear transverter capable of 100 watts, driven by an Icom IC706 on 10.137 MHz. The station's antenna system includes a 200-meter wire, approximately 10 meters above ground, supported by football field light-masts. Despite its length, the antenna's efficiency is noted as very low due to the immense wavelength of about 2.2 km. The author's experience highlights the significant challenge of achieving effective radiated power (EIRP) on LF, estimating DF0WD's EIRP at around 80 milliwatts based on field strength measurements from PA0SE. DF0WD/DL4YHF has successfully worked numerous countries on 136 kHz CW, including DL, F, G, GI, GM, GU, GW, HB9, HB0, LX, OE, OH, OK, OM, ON, OZ, PA, and SM. The author also mentions ongoing efforts to log contacts with CT, EI, LA/LG, and to complete a two-way QSO with Italy, demonstrating persistent activity on this challenging band.

Operating in challenging RF environments, DeepCW provides real-time Morse code decoding capabilities through a neural network model. The software excels at robustly interpreting weak signals, mitigating the effects of QSB, and performing effectively in noisy conditions, a common issue for CW operators. It also supports multi-channel decoding, allowing for the simultaneous interpretation of multiple CW signals present in the audio stream. The application integrates audio pass-through functionality, enhanced with deep-learning-based noise reduction to clean up the incoming audio before decoding. Benchmarking data indicates a 0.00% error rate from 0 to -4 dB SNR, with errors remaining below 1.5% at -8 dB SNR and under 8% at -10 dB SNR across the full range of CW speeds. The project provides comparative analyses against established decoders such as _CW Skimmer_, _fldigi_, and _ggmorse_, utilizing publicly available CW QSO videos from YouTube to demonstrate its performance. DeepCW is designed for cross-platform deployment, supporting Windows, macOS, Android, and iOS operating systems. The core _DeepCW Engine_, which houses the decoding model and a reference implementation, is available separately, offering Python and Node.js examples for decoding from WAV audio files.

DecoDXLog is a station logbook application for Windows, designed to integrate seamlessly with the _Decodium_ family of software, as well as _WSJT-X_ and JTDX, by receiving QSOs via UDP. It operates around a local SQLite file, providing automatic callbook lookups from QRZ.com XML or HamQTH to complete log entries with name, QTH, and locator data. The software tracks 15 different awards, including DXCC, WAZ, WAS, WPX, IOTA, POTA, and SOTA, calculating progress in real-time and allowing confirmation via LoTW, paper cards, or eQSL. It also features comprehensive statistics, a world map displaying worked locators and cluster spots, and a built-in DX Cluster client that aggregates data from DX Spider/CC Cluster, Reverse Beacon Network, HamAlert, and POTA activations, providing alerts for new DXCC, band, or mode. The application includes a CW keyer/decoder, a contest mode with real-time scoring and Cabrillo export, and robust QSL management for LoTW, QRZ Logbook, eQSL, and Club Log. An optional DecoDXLog Cloud feature enables synchronization of QSOs, station profiles, and settings across multiple devices, ensuring a consistent operating environment. The software is open-source under the GPL-3.0 license, developed by IU8LMC and contributors, and supports lossless ADIF import/export, making it compatible with existing logs. It also integrates with _DecoRotor_ for antenna control, allowing operators to point their antenna directly from the logbook interface.

Highlights the VE2CWQ amateur radio club, a key player in Quebec's emergency communication network and a member of the _RAQI_ federation. The club actively supports the _CANWARN_ program, providing crucial communication links during outages or natural disasters when traditional telecommunication infrastructure fails. Members are encouraged to monitor specific frequencies for vital updates and instructions during emergencies. The club maintains a repeater, VE2RAW, operating on **449.325 MHz** from Mont-Rougemont, ensuring reliable local coverage for its operations. VE2CWQ emphasizes the significant public service role of amateur radio beyond hobby, contributing to community safety and resilience.

How to build a Simplified Arduino CW Trainer, this is a version that does not need a keyboard.

Clarifies the intricate process of calibrating the _Elecraft K2_ dial, addressing common user challenges and lively discussions on the Elecraft reflector. Wilhelm, W3FPR, dissects the K2's PLL synthesizer design, chosen for its low phase noise, kit-friendly duplication, and cost-effective components. The resource emphasizes the critical role of the 4000.000 kHz reference oscillator's accuracy during CAL PLL, CAL FIL, and CAL FCTR functions, noting its dependence on temperature and crystal stability for optimal performance. Explaining the K2's frequency display, the document reveals it relies on microprocessor-driven look-up tables generated by CAL PLL for VFO values and CAL FIL for BFO values. In SSB and RTTY, these combine, while CW and CWr modes also factor in the sidetone pitch. The author details inherent limitations, such as the 10 Hz increment resolution of the dial and varying PLL step sizes—from 3 Hz on 160 meters to 10 Hz on 10 meters. BFO increments range from 20 to 35 Hz, collectively limiting practical dial accuracy to within **20 Hz** with diligent effort, or **30 Hz** for a slightly less demanding task. The guide outlines a four-step calibration procedure: setting the reference oscillator, running CAL PLL, running CAL FIL, and setting all BFOs. It highlights the _N6KR Method_ as a particularly easy and accurate approach, requiring only the K2 and a known frequency source like WWV for zero-beating, eliminating the need for external test equipment.

The Burlington Amateur Radio Club (BARC) provides a community hub for amateur radio operators in Burlington, Ontario, Canada, offering regular meetings, educational programs, and a dedicated hackspace for electronics and radio experimentation. The club operates several repeaters, including a 2m repeater (VE3RSB) on 147.210 MHz with a +600 kHz offset and 131.8 Hz tone, which supports AllStar node 542490. Additionally, BARC maintains a UHF repeater on 444.825 MHz with a +5 MHz offset and 131.8 Hz tone, and a 1.25m (220 MHz) repeater, facilitating local communication and digital mode access. BARC hosts multiple nets, including a Fusion Net on Mondays at 8:00 p.m. via VE3RSB-Room 61272, a Regular Wednesday Night Net on the VE3RSB system at 7:30 PM, and a 220 Net on Thursdays at 7:00 p.m. The club also runs a CW/SSB HF Net every Thursday at 7:00 p.m. local time on 40m, utilizing 7.125 MHz for LSB and 7.124.3 MHz for CW check-ins. These activities promote on-air participation, technical skill development, and social interaction among members, supporting both VHF/UHF local operations and HF DXing.

Schematic diagram circuit to build a RS232 serial interface for the Yaesu FT 1000D, works also as CW Keyer control with Log-EQF software. May be used with other Yaesu HF Transceivers.

The Texas Slow Net (TSN) operates daily at 7:45 PM local time on 3570 KHz, serving as a dedicated traffic handling training net within the National Traffic System. It specifically caters to operators aiming to enhance their **International Morse Code** skills and learn proper CW traffic net procedures. Each session incorporates a traffic handling lesson delivered as a radiogram to all participants, reinforcing practical application. The resource provides guidance on effective Morse Code learning, emphasizing sound recognition over visual dot/dash counting, suggesting characters be sent at 15 words per minute with adjusted spacing. It recommends listening to W1AW code practice transmissions, setting goals with ARRL's Code Proficiency Program qualifying runs, and regular participation in NTS traffic nets. The content also references the ARRL's Public Service Communications Manual, particularly Section 2, which details the **National Traffic System**.

QCWW Chapter 120 amateur radio club

QSK 2500 enhances HF amplifiers by enabling full break-in (_QSK_) operation, allowing for seamless communication during CW transmissions. This device supports **all** HF transceivers that are QSK-compatible, ensuring versatility across various setups. The QSK 2500 facilitates quick switching between transmit and receive modes, which is crucial for effective DXing and contesting. With its straightforward installation, operators can achieve **improved** responsiveness in their communications without the need for extensive modifications to their existing amplifiers. This project is particularly beneficial for those engaged in high-speed CW operations, where timing is critical.

This transmitter covers the 160, 80, 40 and 20 metre bands and provides both SSB and properly generated CW. The CW side of this transmitter is not compromised and produces excellent CW. On SSB the audio has been tailored to provide a rising response to 3 KHz, with a sharp drop above that frequency. There is RF speech clipping to both provide more "punch" and to limit the peak output.

An home madek Audio CW Filter made simply using SMD Components

Station information, Morse CW information, antenna photos

Book on CW paddles, history of keyers, keyboards, oscillators, and all things related to automatic Morse code.

This project uses an inexpensive Teensy microcontroller as the core of a flexible interface that provides a high-fidelity sound card and VOX functions for controlling the radio.The interface firmware supports variable VOX delay, CW and RTTY keying via audio (such as is available from Fldigi), and RTS and DTR control of any keying function, all via a single USB connection to the PC.

The **Nilex Morse Tutor** is an HTML5 web application designed to teach Morse code reception, adapting to user proficiency by adding new characters as readiness is detected. It prioritizes practice on less familiar letters, numbers, symbols, words, and phrases, while minimizing repetition of already mastered elements. The program offers multiple learning orders, including "Q7ZG..." (Ward/Jim's), "KMRS..." (PU5EPX/Koch), "KMUR..." (lcwo.net), "AENT..." (CWops CW Academy), "TEAN..." (Stephen C Phillips), "ANET..." (Vic VE3YT), and "ETI5..." (Ham Whisperer), alongside an alphabetical option. Users can customize the learning experience by enabling or disabling automatic progression, and selecting specific content categories such as numbers, symbols, words, phrases, QSO bits, Ham Radio Bands, X+Y=Z math, and units. Audio settings are adjustable for volume, speed (WPM), tone frequency, and keyshape/keying envelope, allowing for a personalized auditory environment. The interface provides visual feedback with blue bars indicating practice emphasis and gray bars for reserved characters, with clickable bars for manual character selection. Developed by "Nosey" Nick Waterman, VA3NNW, this tutor is based on earlier versions by Jim Wilson and a 1977 QST article. A significant October 2019 rewrite incorporated a new WebAudio sound library by AwesomeAidenW, improving offline functionality and mobile support. The content library was expanded to include 3000 top Google words, 2284+ General Service List words, ISO country codes, capital cities, US states, Canadian provinces, UK counties, common names, periodic table elements, quotes, Q-codes, electronic components, ham abbreviations, and example call signs. The software is distributed under the GNU GPL V2 license.

The "Beginner’s Guide to Small-station EME" by Paul Bock, K4MSG, offers an insightful look into Earth-Moon-Earth communication, a fascinating aspect of VHF and above amateur radio. This presentation demystifies moonbounce, explaining how two-way radio contacts are made by reflecting signals off the Moon. K4MSG highlights the historical context of EME, noting the substantial investment and technical challenges that once characterized these operations, often requiring setups like the W5UN "Mighty Big Array" (MBA). Historically, path loss exceeding 250 dB, spatial polarization offset, Faraday rotation, and galactic noise made EME a formidable pursuit, with CW being the mode of choice for signals that had to be audibly detectable. Equipment limitations in noise figure and coax performance further compounded the difficulty for early moonbouncers. However, the landscape of amateur EME dramatically shifted around 2003 with the introduction of the JT65 software. This innovation, specifically designed for EME, allowed for signal decoding well below the noise floor, making small-station EME a practical reality for more hams using common transceivers and less complex antenna systems.

A simple DIY project for a remote cw key connected to your Flex Rig (actually it can be any other rig). On the remote side it uses and Arduino Uno board and a cheap HanRun Enc28J60 ethernet shield. On the local side it uses a key (better a keyer) connected to a serial port of your pc

A real-time, responsive map view of APRS (Automatic Packet Reporting System) information, CWOP (Citizens Weather Observer Program), and other APRS-IS sources across the world. The N2RWE Real-time APRS Map leverages cutting-edge technologies and custom software to present a dynamic and user-friendly platform for visualizing Automatic Packet Reporting System (APRS) data. This web application aggregates real-time station locations from various public sources, offering a comprehensive view of APRS activity. It caters to both novice and experienced users by providing features like Maidenhead Grid maps, station lists, license plate searches, and advanced tools for geolocation, address lookup, and data analysis. Additionally, the platform integrates with Summits on the Air (SOTA) information, enhancing the experience for SOTA enthusiasts. By actively supporting the #APRSThursday net, the N2RWE Real-time APRS Map fosters a collaborative environment for the APRS community.

KM Rover is a rover logger software for BIG 4 VHF UHF contests and generic, Spring and Fall Sprints, GPS interface, beam heading CW PTT DVK functions. Works on Windows

The ICOM IC-705, a popular QRP transceiver for portable operations, often presents unique challenges for field deployment. This resource details practical solutions for common portable setup issues, particularly for _Parks on the Air_ (POTA) activations. It describes a custom bracket for connecting antennas to the IC-705 through a backpack's antenna flap, utilizing a BNC female-to-female chassis mount connector to mitigate cable tangles. The author shares experiences with a DIY magnetic loop antenna, noting its ease of tuning with the IC-705 and successful CW contacts on 40 and 20 meters over distances exceeding **1000 miles**. Another modification presented is a strain relief solution for the microphone cord, replacing the standard spring clip with an easier-to-attach method. The page also mentions using a _Wolf River Parks antenna_ for POTA activations and references the QRPGuys DS-1 antenna as another portable option. Firmware updates and integration with an LDG Z11-Pro II auto-tuner are also discussed.

CWoip (CW over internet protocol) Full Duplex morse code audio with high fidelity sound. Allow to conduct morse code CW over the internet. Fast, Full Break-in Qsk, due to low latency, free software. With the ability to conduct an audio CW QSO between 2 to 100 iCW OPS

This article published on QEX details measurements of tree conductivity and permittivity at HF frequencies, addressing a long-debated topic in amateur radio. N6LF conducted experimental impedance measurements on Douglas fir and maple trees using a vector network analyzer with rings of nails inserted into tree trunks. Results showed that tree conductivity increases with frequency while relative permittivity decreases, similar to soil characteristics. Measured conductivity ranged from 0.06 to 0.4 S/m at 10 MHz, aligning with values used in previous research. These findings validate that NEC modeling can reliably estimate trees' substantial impact on HF antenna performance.

Designing a collapsible 6-meter beam antenna involves careful consideration of element geometry and feedline matching, as demonstrated by VE3SMA's project. The construction draws inspiration from foldable dipole concepts and established wire beam designs like the Penn. State 40m beam and the DJ4SA Spiderbeam. Utilizing **4NEC2 modeling**, the author optimized element lengths for gain and bandwidth, observing the impact of end loops on resonant frequency and the need for compensation. Feeding the approximately 25-ohm balanced antenna with 50-ohm unbalanced cable required a specialized network. This setup incorporates a choke **balun** and a matching section built from two series quarter-wave transformers using readily available 75-ohm cable. On-the-air results validate the design, including a successful 1st double hop Es QSO with 10 Watts and satisfactory performance in the CW WW VHF Contest from FN05, where 41 grids were worked with 100 Watts, showing improved performance over a simple dipole.