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Managing extensive QSO data efficiently requires robust logging software capable of handling diverse operational needs, from casual ragchewing to competitive contesting. HAM OFFICE provides a comprehensive solution for amateur radio operators, integrating essential logging functionalities with advanced features for analysis and award tracking. It supports detailed QSO entry, offers various display and evaluation options, and includes helpful functions to guide users through its interface, ensuring a smooth workflow for both new and experienced hams. The software's design emphasizes user-friendliness while incorporating a wide array of functions, making it suitable for different screen sizes and operating preferences. It features innovative databases for enhanced data protection, improved handling despite increased functionality, and significant speed gains from new background calculations. The program runs stably on Windows XP through 11 (32 and 64 bit) and offers a mobile app for QSO entry and analysis on _tablet PCs_ and smartphones. HAM OFFICE is widely adopted, with an estimated **80%** of German contests logged using the software, and it is utilized by amateurs in **58** DXCC entities. The program supports various aspects of amateur radio, including contest logging, detailed evaluations, and integration with internet resources and shack equipment. It also provides specific support for new license classes like DN9 and actively supports initiatives such as the recognition of _Morse Telegraphy_ as a cultural heritage.

A _Topfkreis_ antenna, also known as a "bicycle pump" antenna, is presented as a simple vertical design for the 70 cm band. This variant of the J-pole antenna is notable for not requiring a ground plane, simplifying deployment. The construction details specify using aluminum tubing for the radiating element, with precise measurements for the quarter-wavelength outer tube (32 mm diameter) and the three-quarter wavelength inner sliding tubes (10 mm and 8 mm). Feeding is via a 50-ohm coaxial cable connected 90 mm from the base of the central tube. This design can achieve a gain of **4 to 6 dB** when properly tuned using the adjustable radiating element. The article details the fabrication of a critical aluminum washer, suggesting a method using a hole saw and a drill press as a lathe for precise adjustment. The illustrated example is specifically for the 70-centimeter band, and the author, Pop, clarifies construction points in the comments, including material choices and assembly techniques, ensuring a robust build for VHF/UHF operation.

This project will enable you to build a monoband long wire inverted vee with 3/4 wave length sides that will have a bit of gain

A portable 4 elements quad antenna for 144 MHz, 9 to 10 DBd forward gain, 30 DB front-to-back ratio, and 33 DB front-to-side ratio

The document details the construction of a compact, two-element Quad antenna specifically designed for the 10, 12, and 15-meter HF bands, featuring a single feedline for all three bands. It provides specific dimensions for the driven element and reflector loops, along with boom length and spacing, emphasizing a **0.12 wavelength** spacing between elements. The design incorporates a gamma match for impedance transformation and uses PVC tubing for spreaders, aiming for a lightweight yet robust structure suitable for portable or restricted-space operations. Performance measurements indicate a forward gain of approximately **6 dBd** on 10 meters and a front-to-back ratio of _20 dB_ on 15 meters, demonstrating effective directivity and signal rejection. The antenna exhibits a VSWR below 1.5:1 across the target bands, achieved through careful tuning of the gamma match. This compact Quad offers a viable directional solution for HF DXing and contesting, particularly where full-size Yagis are impractical.

A copper pipe Hentenna for 144 MHz. The Hentenna, a compact, high-gain loop antenna developed in Japan in the 1970s, offers approximately 5.1 dBd gain, comparable to a three-element Yagi. Adapted for 2 meters, it is crafted from copper pipe for simplicity, affordability, and broadband performance. Requiring no feed-point tuning, its construction involves soldering standard copper fittings. Installation demands non-conductive materials to minimize signal disruption. Versatile for vertical or horizontal polarization, it is ideal for FM, repeater, SSB, or CW applications. This design emphasizes practicality and performance for amateur radio enthusiasts

This design was adapted from an article in the ARRL Handbook and built with simplicity and duplicity in mind. This antenna is a vast improvement over a standard dipole with a forward gain of around 8db with a front to back ratio of 10db.

Cheap and EZ to build Bi-Directional VHF & HF antennas with gain

The "REAL TIME ANTENNA GAIN COMPARATOR SYSTEM" by IK0BDO details a low-budget amateur radio tool designed for optimizing homebrew VHF/UHF antennas. It facilitates the simultaneous comparison of two antennas, one a known reference (e.g., a dipole) and the other under test, displaying their relative gain directly in decibels. The system addresses limitations of previous measurement benches by enabling on-field optimization, accounting for balun performance, impedance mismatching, and cable losses. The core of the device is an electronic solid-state switch utilizing PIN diodes, which alternates signal sampling from the two antennas 100 times per second. This rapid switching prevents the receiver's Automatic Gain Control (AGC) from compensating for signal differences, allowing for precise comparative measurements. The document includes detailed schematic diagrams for both the RF switching unit and the associated measure unit, which employs two VU-meters to display cyclic signal levels. It also provides guidance on setting up the PIN diode switching with an oscilloscope and adjusting trimmer potentiometers P1, P2, and P3 for optimal operation. Further sections cover the construction of VHF (144.150 KHz) and UHF (432.360 MHz) beacons for testing, along with critical considerations for selecting an appropriate test range or site. Recommendations include maintaining a minimum distance of 50 wavelengths between transmitting and receiving positions, avoiding ground reflections, and using reference antennas with gains similar to the antenna under examination. The author notes satisfactory results from measurements on dipoles and other antennas, highlighting the system's ability to appreciate fractional decibel differences.

One popular rumor or thought is that antenna gain doubles every time we double the number of elements

Deciphering weak or noisy **CW** (Continuous Wave) signals often presents a challenge for amateur radio operators, particularly in contest environments or during DXpeditions. CWLab04X addresses this by providing a software solution that leverages **DSP** (Digital Signal Processing) capabilities of a soundcard to decode Morse code. It functions as both a receiver and a sender, supporting traditional CW and a unique "CCW" mode designed to enhance copyability of signals struggling against high noise floors. The program offers two installation methods: a Windows-specific installer for straightforward setup or a zipped package compatible with Windows and Linux systems running Wine. Users must first download and review the accompanying PDF documentation, CWLab04.pdf and CWLab04_Hardware.pdf, which detail the software's operation and the necessary soundcard interface circuit. The hardware PDF outlines a direct connection from the receiver audio output to the soundcard input, with optional conversion of the soundcard output for hard-keying or microphone input. CWLab04X is intended as an operational aid rather than a replacement for skilled human copy, particularly highlighting the effectiveness of its CCW mode in adverse signal conditions. The software was last revised in April 2009, with installation requiring the LV Runtime 602.

Demonstrates the design and construction of a 9-element Yagi antenna for the **70 cm band** (432 MHz), based on the DK7ZB concept. The resource details EZNEC+ calculations for a single antenna, providing gain, sidelobe suppression, and front-to-back ratio figures. It also presents a comprehensive analysis of stacking two such antennas, including optimal stacking distance (1000 mm) and the resulting performance enhancements for the stacked array, such as an increased gain of 17.03 dBi. The article includes detailed drawings, wire file dimensions in millimeters, and azimuth/elevation plots for both single and stacked configurations. Practical construction steps are documented with original photographs, illustrating element mounting, the **28 Ohm matching system** using two quarter-wave 75 Ohm transmission lines, and the critical N-connector wiring. It also covers the iterative process of fine-tuning the driven element length to achieve a return loss of 20 dB, validating the EZNEC+ simulation results with actual measurements.

Presents the mechanical and electrical specifications for a 5-element Yagi beam antenna designed for the 6-meter band. The resource details element lengths, spacing, and boom dimensions, specifically utilizing _EMT conduit_ for construction. It includes a diagram illustrating the element layout, a coaxial balun connection, and a reported SWR curve, providing a practical blueprint for hams to replicate the design. The design achieves a reported SWR of **1.1:1** at 50.125 MHz, indicating efficient impedance matching across the primary 6-meter DX window. The boom length is specified at 2.44 meters (8 feet), with element lengths ranging from 2.87 meters for the reflector to 2.59 meters for the director 3. This configuration suggests a gain figure typical for a 5-element Yagi, likely in the range of **9-10 dBi**, making it suitable for local and sporadic-E DX contacts.

An 85ft wire fed against a 17ft counterpoise that works well in 80 and 40 meters

A 2,4 GHz 13cm band quadrible qiad antenna with reflector offering a 14dbd gain

GM4BKV article on how to recycle our rubbish and produce a cheap and effective 15m antenna into the bargain

A five element quad antenna for 144 MHz DIY Project. This 2 Meter 5 Element Quad antenna was modeled using EZNEC, with a boom from a UHF TV antenna and CPVC pipe for spreaders. Constructed for 146MHz, it exhibits a gain of 10.7dB and an impedance of 75 ohms. Real-world results surpass the HT antenna, reaching over 20 repeaters up to 75 miles away. The design, costing around $10, employs simple tools for assembly.

The **70cm Moxon Beam** project outlines the construction and testing of a compact, directional antenna for the 432 MHz band. G3XBM recounts his early 1980s experience with a 4W FM321 transceiver and a Jaybeam 48-element TV antenna, which provided a baseline for his later UHF antenna experiments. This project focuses on a simpler, yet effective, design for local and regional contacts, emphasizing ease of construction and practical field results over complex theory. The article details the specific dimensions and materials used for the Moxon rectangle, including 6mm diameter aluminum tubing for the elements and a PVC boom. G3XBM notes that the antenna was built for portable use, making it lightweight and easily deployable for field operations. The feedpoint impedance was measured at 50 ohms, ensuring a direct match without the need for an external tuner, which simplifies setup. Performance tests included comparisons against a commercial 5-element Yagi, revealing that the Moxon provided comparable forward gain and an excellent front-to-back ratio, crucial for reducing local QRM. The author's observations confirm the Moxon's reputation as a robust performer for its size, suitable for both fixed and portable 70cm operations.

A GSM1800 Moxon Square antenna project is presented, detailing its construction using three 1.5mm copper wire pieces for the reflector and dipole elements. The design inherently offers a 50-ohm feedpoint impedance, allowing direct connection to 50-ohm coax without complex matching networks like baluns or gamma matches, which are prone to high attenuation at 1.8 GHz if not precisely built. The resource includes a construction plan, expected **SWR plots**, and **radiation patterns** for the GSM 1800 band, specifically covering the 1710-1785 MHz transmit (red zone) and 1805-1880 MHz receive (blue zone) segments. The SWR remains below 2:1 across the entire GSM 1800 band, with the main lobe consistently achieving 5-6 dBi gain. While the radiation pattern shows some changes across the band, these primarily affect the back of the antenna, maintaining consistent forward gain. Practical considerations for high-frequency operation are emphasized, such as minimizing coax length (e.g., under 1 meter for RG-174) and selecting appropriate connectors like N, SMA, or BNC to mitigate significant attenuation. The article also discusses direct connection to the phone's RF PCB for minimal loss and notes observed signal strength variations with antenna orientation despite crossed polarization at cell sites.

Information about the wind load area of many antenna manufacturers like steppir, moseley, maco, klm, cushcraft, hy-gain, avanti, Jo gunn, Wilson and winegard

The page discusses Axial-Mode Helical Antennas, focusing on turning helical antennas over perfect ground and modeling helices in NEC-2 for optimized design. It covers topics such as high-gain performance, broadband, impedance matching, radiation pattern, feedline, balun, near field, far field, and DIY applications.

A Moxon rectangle antenna design for the 11-meter band is presented, offering a compact and lightweight solution for directional HF DX operation. This two-element parasitic array, popular among amateur radio enthusiasts, provides considerable directional gain and lower noise on horizontal polarization. The design is suitable for both 27 MHz Citizens Band (CB) and the lower portion of the 28 MHz amateur radio band, making it versatile for operators interested in either service. Construction can utilize materials like bamboo, squid poles with wire elements, or aluminum tubing on a central boom. The article includes a plan view diagram with specific dimensions (A-E) in centimeters and inches for building the antenna, such as a 392.09 cm (154 3/8 inch) driven element. The Moxon configuration inherently presents a 50 Ohm load to the transceiver, often eliminating the need for an external matching unit or balun. Performance data for an antenna mounted at approximately 30 feet indicates a gain of 10-11 dBi and a frequency range of 27.300 MHz to 28.300 MHz. The design is noted for its excellent front-to-back rejection, with tested signal drop-offs from S5-S7 to S2 when turned, demonstrating effective suppression of unwanted signals.

Antenna manufactuer, Panel antennas, sector panel antennas, high gain for ISM, MMDS, PCS, GSM, CDMA, TDMA, 400MHz, 900MHz,1.9GHz, 2.4GHz, 2.7GHz, 3.5GHz,5.8GHz. Broadband wireless applications for ISP,ASP.

20db gain 144 Mhz preamplifier by Harry Popov LZ1BB

Demonstrates the product line of _LZ Antenna Ltd._, a Bulgarian manufacturer specializing in amateur radio antennas and custom electronic devices. The company focuses on robust, high-quality HF multiband Yagi and vertical antennas, leveraging over 20 years of experience from founder Georgi Georgiev in radio amateur development. Featured models include the LZA 8-4, LZA-10-3, and the LZA-7-3A WRTC 2022, alongside various rotary dipoles like the LZA1 40/30m. Provides specifications for several Yagi antennas, such as the LZA-9-5, LZA-13-7, and LZA-6-3 (a 6-element, 3-band design). The company emphasizes applying "leading edge technology" to high-frequency communication equipment production, with products designed for durability and performance. The LZA-10-5 Yagi offers **12.5 dBi** gain on 10m, while the LZA-13-7 provides **13.2 dBi** on 20m, showcasing competitive gain figures for DXing and contesting.

New type of a Quad antenna, 6.4dBd gain

Constructing a portable, high-gain antenna for _AO-40_ satellite operations presents unique challenges, particularly regarding mechanical stability and parabolic accuracy. This resource details the build of a 1.2-meter "brolly dish" antenna, utilizing a non-conducting fiberglass umbrella frame as its foundation. The project outlines a method for achieving a parabolic shape using stressed aluminum fly screen mesh, guided by practical geometry and a temporary dowel template. Key steps include selecting an appropriate umbrella with a suitable f/D ratio (ideally >0.25), removing the original fabric, and precisely cutting and attaching eight segments of fly screen to the struts to form the reflective surface. The construction process, which took approximately five hours for the author, _G6LVB_, resulted in a dish with an f/D of 0.27 (depth=270mm, diameter=1160mm, f=310mm). The article also describes a modification to a _TransSystem AIDC_ feed, incorporating a PCB reflector behind the dipole for easier mounting. Performance tests at a squint angle of 15 deg and a range of 50,000km yielded a signal-to-noise ratio of 33dB on the S2 beacon and 23dB for SSB signals, indicating strong reception. The author notes that the modified umbrella may not close fully without risking surface disfigurement.

High gain, good pattern and acceptable bandwidth. These aims can be realized with a radiation-resistance of 25-35Ohms, because the 28-Ohm-feedpoint is very simple to match.

A 20-meter vertical _Moxon_ antenna, designed for portable operation, is detailed with specific dimensions for its driven and reflector elements. The project outlines the construction process, including the use of PVC pipe for the frame and #14 AWG insulated wire for the elements. The antenna's compact size and directional characteristics make it suitable for field day operations or limited space environments, offering a gain of approximately 5.5 dBi and a front-to-back ratio of 20 dB. Testing revealed a 1.2:1 SWR at 14.250 MHz, demonstrating good impedance matching across the target frequency range. The _Moxon rectangle_ design provides a clean radiation pattern with minimal side lobes, which is advantageous for reducing QRM from unwanted directions. This build offers a practical solution for hams seeking a lightweight, easily deployable directional antenna for 20 meters without the complexity of a full-sized Yagi.

Investigates the gain characteristics of the **axial-mode helix antenna**, a widely used circularly-polarized antenna, by addressing conflicting claims in amateur literature regarding its performance. This article summarizes an extensive numerical modeling study using **NEC-2** to simulate approximately 10,000 different helical antenna configurations, systematically varying physical parameters like length and turn radius. The study consumed around 3,000 hours of compute cycles, with each antenna model utilizing between 600 and 1,400 segments for accuracy. The modeling data were rigorously compared against professional antenna literature, including experimental and theoretical work, revealing that the original Kraus formula for gain is often overly optimistic, predicting gains up to 4 or 5 dB higher than observed. Empirical expressions are provided for the maximum possible gain, Gmax(dB) = 10.25 + 1.22 L - 0.0726 L^2, and the optimum turn radius, Rmax = 0.2025 - 0.0079 L + 0.000515 L^2, both valid for antenna lengths (L) between 2 and 7 wavelengths. The research also notes that a half-lambda square groundplane performs nearly as well as an infinite groundplane, while radials incur a gain penalty of about 3.5 dB.

With over 20 years of experience, Proyecto 4 operates as a specialized ham radio retailer in Madrid, Spain, providing a diverse inventory of transceivers, antennas, and related accessories. The store features popular models like the _ICOM IC-705_ and _ICOM IC-7300MK2_, alongside Yaesu transceivers such as the _FTX-1 Optima_, which delivers 100W on HF and 50W on V/UHF bands. The product range includes mobile and portable antennas, such as the D-Original DX-NR770HB, offering 3 dB gain on 144 MHz and 5.5 dB on 430 MHz, and the Diamond RH-770 with a BNC connector. CB radio enthusiasts can find the Anytone CB SMART II AM/FM transceptor and the Telecom LS145 mobile antenna, rated for 500W and 4 dB gain on 26-30 MHz. Proyecto 4 emphasizes its in-house technical service, inviting customers to visit their laboratory for repairs and technical consultations via sergio@proyecto4.com. The store also highlights customer reviews and offers promotions like Yaesu Cashback, providing savings up to 100€.

Presents the design and performance of a 4-element wire Yagi antenna for the 40-meter band, building upon VE3VN's earlier 3-element switchable wire Yagi. The resource details the antenna's evolution, highlighting the transition from a 3-element to a 4-element configuration and the resulting improvements in gain and front-to-back ratio. It provides specific insights into the antenna's construction and expected operational characteristics. VE3VN shares insights from field results, noting the antenna's performance on 40 meters. The discussion includes the antenna's pattern and matching characteristics, crucial for any DXer or contester looking to optimize their signal on this popular HF band. The author's experience with the previous 3-element design informs the enhancements made to this 4-element iteration. The article includes a visual representation of the antenna's current view, offering a practical perspective on its physical layout. It serves as a valuable reference for hams considering a directional wire antenna for 7 MHz operations, demonstrating a practical approach to achieving enhanced directivity and gain.

The resource details the construction of a 6-meter _Moxon_ antenna, presenting two distinct versions: one horizontally polarized for 50-51 MHz CW/SSB and another vertically polarized for 52-54 MHz FM. It specifies the use of 5/8 inch OD and 1/2 inch OD aluminum tubing, with 3/8 inch OD solid aluminum for corners, and provides a comprehensive material cutting schedule. The design aims for robust, portable construction, with all materials costing under $100. Detailed drawings and EZNEC models are referenced for precise dimensions and assembly, ensuring accurate element spacing and impedance matching. The EZNEC model for the H-POL version predicts a gain of **11 dBi** and a front-to-back ratio of **25 dB** at 50.5 MHz, while the V-POL version shows a gain of **6.7 dBi** and a front-to-back ratio of **36 dB** at 53 MHz. The article includes practical SWR measurement advice, noting the impact of coax length and loss on analyzer readings. Field tests during a tropical storm demonstrated the antenna's durability and performance, yielding numerous contacts across significant distances, including California, Colorado, and Texas, on SSB and PSK.

This resource, "Transistor Audio Preamplifier Circuits," offers comprehensive design guidelines for constructing **bipolar transistor** audio preamplifiers. It delves into critical aspects such as quiescent current setting, voltage gain calculation, and the impact of various component choices on circuit performance. The content provides several _schematic diagrams_ illustrating different preamplifier configurations, including single-stage common emitter and two-stage designs, alongside explanations of their operational characteristics and practical implementation considerations. The analysis extends to frequency response, noise performance, and distortion, providing insights into optimizing these parameters for specific audio applications. The resource presents calculated gain figures for various stages, demonstrating how to achieve desired amplification levels. It also discusses the importance of proper power supply decoupling and input/output impedance matching, crucial for integrating these preamplifiers into larger audio systems or ham radio transceivers. The practical application of these designs is evident in their suitability for microphone preamplifiers or general-purpose audio amplification.

Presents the construction of a 10-meter Fractal Quad Yagi (FQY) antenna, detailing the design principles and practical build steps. The article highlights the antenna's compact size, with elements measuring just over 4 feet per side, making it suitable for easy erection and rotation with a TV rotator. It claims an impedance close to 50 ohms, allowing direct feed with 50-ohm coax, and specifies a 3 dBd gain with a front-to-back ratio exceeding 25 dB. Bandwidth is reported at 500 kHz for less than 2:1 VSWR. The resource includes a segment chart (Fig. 1) illustrating the precise lengths for each wire segment of the driven element and reflector, noting adjustments for different wire diameters. Construction utilizes readily available materials such as #9 aluminum ground wire and plastic water pipe for spreaders. The author, _KF7BS_, describes fabricating the framework, bending the fractal elements, and mounting them, including modifications like adding a small stub for reflector tuning. A materials list is provided, detailing items like 40-ft rolls of #9 Radio Shack aluminum ground wire and 1/2-inch plastic water pipe. Scaling equations for the driven element are discussed for different frequencies, such as designing for the CW band. The article references _Chip Cohen NIIRV_'s_ original _Fractenna_ website as the inspiration for the design.

Quad and loop antennas comparisons, evaluating the impedance and gain of both antennas and considerationso n horizontal loop antennas for low bands by PA0FRI

The Vee Beam antenna project presents a versatile solution for hams, enabling operation across all eight High Frequency bands (80m to 10m) with significant gain on 20m to 10m. This easy-to-construct antenna utilizes two long wires at an angle, enhancing directional performance and minimizing ground losses. With a low visual profile, it is discreet and effective for various applications. The design allows for optimal leg lengths and included angles, ensuring robust performance while maintaining simplicity in construction and operation. The V Beam antenna is an aerial that you can use on all eight High Frequency amateur bands (80, 40, 30, 20, 17, 15, 12 and 10m) with an antenna tuner, and which gives significant gain on the five bands from 20 to 10 meters band.

The Kenwood TS-950S and TS-950SD HF transceivers are fine radios. However, many, if not all, of them were produced with a design flaw which allows the RG GAIN control to cease function in the presence of a strong signal IF the AGC has been turned OFF

DK7ZB provides detailed construction plans for Moxon antennas utilizing tapered aluminum tubing, specifically outlining dimensions for 50 MHz, 28 MHz, 24 MHz, and 21 MHz bands. The resource emphasizes maintaining specific taper lengths for optimal performance and describes a tuning method involving symmetrical element shifts. It also addresses stacking considerations, noting that two Moxons can be stacked 1m apart with a 90° rotation to avoid severe detuning, unlike co-planar mounting. Performance figures for the 50-MHz Moxon include a gain of **4.1 dBd** and a front-to-back ratio of _30 dB_. The construction utilizes copper fittings for element connections, with a recommendation to varnish edges against corrosion. The page features images of built antennas by _DK8UH_ and VK2QO, illustrating practical implementations for the 6-meter and 10-meter bands, respectively.

A 2m Moxon antenna project, designed for the 145 MHz amateur radio band, provides a compact, directional solution for VHF communications. This resource details the construction process, specifying materials like PVC pipe for the frame, copper wire for elements, and a SO-239 connector for the feedpoint. The design emphasizes ease of build for hams seeking a gain antenna with good front-to-back ratio for local ragchewing or contesting. The project outlines precise element lengths and spacing, crucial for achieving the desired impedance and radiation pattern. It includes a visual representation of the antenna's dimensions and assembly, allowing for straightforward replication. The Moxon's inherent characteristics offer a practical alternative to larger Yagi arrays, particularly for portable operations or restricted spaces, while still delivering effective directivity and gain.

This QRZ.com callbook entry by DL6GD details the construction and performance of a **40m/80m Morgain folded dipole antenna**. The resource includes a schematic diagram, construction photos, and tuning notes. The antenna, with a total length of **20.30m**, was mounted at a height varying from 4m to 6m above ground. Construction utilizes 0.75 sq mm transparent insulated copper wire, with Plexiglas spreaders (5mm thick, 70x10mm) spaced at 25mm intervals, secured with hot glue. A waterproof junction box houses the feedpoint and balun. Tuning involved adjusting wire bridges for resonance on each band. On 80m, an SWR of **1.1:1** was achieved at 3.657 MHz, with an SWR of 2.7:1 at 3.580 MHz and 2.5:1 at 3.755 MHz, yielding a bandwidth of 175 KHz. For 40m, an SWR of **1.1:1** was measured at 7.100 MHz, with 1.5:1 at 7.000 MHz and 1.3:1 at 7.200 MHz, providing a 200 KHz bandwidth. DL6GD notes that 80m tuning exhibits slight height sensitivity, while 40m tuning is less affected by height or 80m adjustments. Long-term observations from 2014 and 2022 document SWR degradation due to environmental factors like spiderwebs and ice accumulation, which can cause HF-conductive paths between elements. DXZone Focus: Callbook Entry | 40m/80m Morgain Dipole | SWR Measurements | 20.30m Length

The **2M Moxon antenna** design presented operates at 144 MHz, providing a compact, directional solution for VHF communications. Construction involves aluminum tubing for the elements, with specific dimensions for the driven element and reflector to achieve optimal performance. The design aims for a good front-to-back ratio and a relatively low SWR across the 2-meter band, making it suitable for portable or fixed station use where directivity is beneficial. Element lengths are critical for proper resonance and pattern. The driven element measures approximately 38.5 inches, while the reflector is slightly longer at 40.5 inches. Spacing between the elements is 12 inches, forming the characteristic Moxon rectangle. This configuration yields a gain of about 5.5 dBi and a front-to-back ratio exceeding 20 dB, which is advantageous for reducing interference from unwanted directions. Feedpoint impedance is close to 50 ohms, allowing direct connection to coaxial cable without complex matching networks. The antenna's lightweight structure, typically under 2 pounds, facilitates easy deployment and rotation, making it a practical choice for field operations or as a compact home station antenna.

A dual band wire antenna project in Italian

Hy-gain HAM-IV rotator control with Arduino by OK1BIL

Demonstrates the design principles and performance characteristics of **corner reflector antennas**, emphasizing their high gain and directional properties. It covers critical design factors such as the corner angle and the spacing between the radiating dipole and the reflector vertex. The resource explains how reducing the corner angle increases gain but lowers feed impedance, making matching more challenging. Practical angles of 90 degrees or 60 degrees are discussed, with 90 degrees offering easier impedance matching despite slightly lower gain. Details key design considerations, including reflector side length exceeding two wavelengths and reflector width greater than one wavelength for a half-wave radiator. It specifies reflector construction using wire netting, sheet metal, or parallel metal spines spaced less than 0.1 wavelength. The article provides a table with general dimensions for UHF and VHF bands, noting typical impedance values of 50 to 75 ohms and expected SWR of 1.7:1 on the lower band edge. Adjustable radiator-to-vertex spacing is highlighted as crucial for final tuning.

Design for a 5 element 2 Metre beam with a forward gain of 8dBD and a front to back ratio of over 24dB.

The resource details the historical development of the Morgain antenna, tracing its origins to Virginia in the 1960s and its subsequent global adoption among radio amateurs. It describes the Morgain as a dual-band wire antenna known for its reduced footprint and modest gain characteristics. The content includes discussions on various homebrew projects and design variations available online, providing context for its continued relevance in amateur radio. The article presents a historical overview rather than specific construction plans, focusing on the antenna's evolution and general design principles. It highlights the antenna's enduring appeal due to its performance attributes and compact size, making it suitable for various operating environments.

Backpacking, boating or mountaintopping ? Invest your time and pack this novel directional gain antenna on your next expedition

The Moxon Beam, introduced by L. Moxon (G6XN), is a compact 2-element Yagi featuring a radiator and reflector with reduced dimensions, approximately 75% the size of a full-size beam. This design utilizes bent element ends for capacitive loading, which is superior to inductive loading with coils, resulting in greater bandwidth and lower losses. DK7ZB details that while the gain is slightly lower (0.5-0.7 dB) than a full-size beam, the _Moxon_ offers an exceptional front-to-back (F/B) ratio of 30 dB or more on its design frequency, surpassing other 2-element beams. The article provides specific dimensions for building wire _Moxon_ antennas for bands from 30m down to 10m, and also mentions a 2-m-Moxon. Construction guidance includes using fishing rods for lightweight spreaders and an aluminum tubing spider for support. The resource highlights the utility of _Moxgen_ by AC6LA, a freeware program that simplifies Moxon beam design and generates EZNEC output files for further analysis and tapering modifications. DK7ZB emphasizes that the design frequency should be set at approximately one-third from the band's beginning to optimize SWR performance, as SWR tends to rise more significantly below the design frequency. The bandwidth for SWR < 1.5 is noted as sufficient for ranges like 28.0-28.7 MHz and 21.0-21.45 MHz when constructed with aluminum tubes, though wire beams exhibit a narrower bandwidth.

The HB9CV is a well known two element antenna of a directional beam type with a forward gain of 4 to 5 dBd. This one is for two metres but it can be scaled, from the dimensions in the diagram, for other bands I have also made them for four and six metres