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The Tri-pole antenna, a clever modification of a standard dipole, allows for dual-band operation by integrating a third element. This design effectively shortens the overall dipole length by 10 to 20 percent, simplifying antenna rotation and offering a compact footprint. KK4OBI's article delves into the operational principles, using a 6 and 10-meter Tri-pole as a primary example, and provides comprehensive instructions for constructing any Tri-pole antenna within the 6 to 15-meter range. Key to the Tri-pole's performance is its off-center feed, necessitating a common mode choke at the feed point for optimal tuning and reduced noise. The author outlines a methodical approach to determining element dimensions, starting with a vertical element frequency calculated as 0.47 times the sum of the desired upper and lower band frequencies. This calculation, along with K-values derived from trend lines, guides the initial lengths for the horizontal arms, demonstrating how a 10m-6m Tri-pole can achieve a total horizontal length 78% shorter than a conventional 10-meter dipole. Tuning and balancing are critical, with the article detailing adjustments to arm lengths and the vertical element to achieve balanced SWR values, as validated through 4NEC2 simulations. Radiation patterns are analyzed at various elevations, showing gains around 5.7 dBi and favorable take-off angles for DX contacts. Construction details specify aluminum tubing dimensions, U-bolts, and an SO-239 connector, emphasizing the importance of a ferrite-based choke for wideband operation.

Online antenna calculator for homemade double biquad antenna for UMTS 3G 4G WiMAX WiFi frequencies. Article includes also a simple biquad antenna for 4g

Analyzing 433 MHz radio signals from common wireless devices, such as temperature sensors and remote controls, involves understanding **On-Off Keying (OOK)** modulation. This resource details the process of capturing these signals using a Software Defined Radio (SDR) like Gqrx and then visually inspecting the captured audio data in a sound editor such as Audacity. It differentiates between **Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)** and Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) encoding schemes, illustrating how to identify and decode binary data by eye based on pulse and gap durations. The article provides a step-by-step walkthrough for decoding a wireless thermometer's data, correlating bit patterns with known temperature, humidity, and channel values. It also demonstrates decoding an RF remote control's button presses, highlighting the constant and varying parts of the transmitted packets. The content further introduces automated decoding using tools like RTL_433, explaining its capabilities in parsing various device protocols and showing how to interpret its output, including modulation type and decoded data. Specific examples include analyzing Prologue sensor protocol specifications from RTL_433's source code and noting common operating frequencies like 433.92 MHz in Europe and 915 MHz in the US.

Outlines the Club de Radio Amateur de Charlevoix (VE2CCR), a regional amateur radio organization serving the Charlevoix area in Quebec, Canada. The resource details the club's objectives, which include promoting amateur radio, fostering technical knowledge among members, and supporting emergency communications. It lists various club activities such as regular meetings, field day participation, and local repeater maintenance. The site provides contact information for prospective members and details on how to join the club, including membership fees and application procedures. Information on the club's repeaters, including frequencies and access tones, is also presented, facilitating local amateur radio operations. The resource serves as a central hub for VE2CCR members and interested individuals seeking to engage with the amateur radio community in Charlevoix.

Effective operation of amateur radio repeaters, particularly in high-density areas, relies on coordinated frequency assignments to prevent interference. This resource from the _Illinois Repeater Association_ (IRA) serves as the official frequency coordination body for the state of Illinois, providing essential information for repeater owners and users. It details coordination policies, guidelines, and application forms for new and existing repeaters, ensuring fair and consistent spectrum utilization. The site also includes a comprehensive band plan, last revised in 2006, and a selective access policy (PL/Squelch Plan) updated in 2015, which are critical for maintaining orderly operations. The IRA website offers various repeater directories, sortable by frequency, city, and region, including a dedicated section for digital systems. These directories are invaluable for hams traveling through Illinois or setting up new repeater projects, helping them identify available frequencies and coordinated systems. The resource also provides meeting minutes, newsletters, and links to other regional repeater councils, demonstrating its role in fostering inter-state coordination. This structured approach to frequency management helps ensure reliable communications and minimizes QRM across the state, supporting thousands of repeater contacts annually.

High Speed Multimedia (HSMM) radio, as introduced by John Champa, K8OCL, represents a significant advancement in amateur radio's digital capabilities, moving beyond traditional keyboard modes like packet radio. This initiative, driven by ARRL's Technology Task Force, focuses on developing high-speed digital radio networks capable of up to 20 megabits per second. HSMM primarily facilitates digital voice (DV) and digital video (ADV), enabling real-time video transmission from emergency scenes to an EOC without expensive ATV gear, often requiring only a laptop, a PCMCIA card, a digital camera, and a small antenna. The working group's initial efforts concentrate on cultivating microwave skills within the amateur community to build and support portable and fixed high-speed radio-based local networking, or **RLANs**. These networks prove invaluable for RACES and ARES organizations, as well as homeland security and other emergency communications. Field Day exercises and simulated emergency tests (SETs) are encouraged to hone skills in rapid site surveys and deploying broadband HSMM microwave radio networks, with examples like linking Field Day logging stations or antenna test results at the Midwest VHF-UHF Society Picnic 2003. Getting started with HSMM often involves adapting off-the-shelf **IEEE 802.11** (WiFi) equipment to comply with amateur radio regulations, typically operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM bands. While consumer WiFi gear has range limitations under Part 15 rules, proper setup under amateur regulations can extend coverage significantly, with test networks like the Hinternet achieving 5-15 mile ranges at 54 M bit/s using small mast-mounted dish antennas. Careful selection of equipment with external antenna ports, high transmit power, and low receive sensitivity is crucial, along with using low-loss coaxial cable like LMR-400 for optimal performance at these frequencies.

Scanning the Top of Utah – Reband Update, Trunk Scanning – Channels & Talk Groups , Conventional Scanning - Frequencies, Scanning Aids

UK frequency list provide reference table to lister to Police scanner channels UHF VHF, Amateur Repeaters, Ambulance CB Radio CoastGuard Rescue, marine VHF, Military and more.

This article presents a comprehensive guide to constructing a multiband vertical wire antenna. The design features parallel wires for various bands, all connected to a single balun, ensuring ease of assembly and adjustment. Materials required include a fishing rod, PVC tubing, and inexpensive wire. The antenna is lightweight, cost-effective, and suitable for field use or as an additional home setup. Detailed instructions and diagrams are provided to facilitate successful construction and optimal performance across multiple frequencies.

The BikeLoop antenna project details the construction of a double magnetic loop antenna optimized for VLF frequencies, specifically around 136 kHz. This innovative design incorporates two orthogonal loops, which significantly enhance reception capabilities. Key construction hints include utilizing lightweight bicycle rims for the antenna structure, making it easy to transport and set up in various locations. The document provides valuable mathematical and electrical insights into the antenna's performance, alongside practical reception tests conducted in the Italian Alps, showcasing its effectiveness in capturing various VLF signals, including Sferics and FSK transmissions. Proper setup is crucial for optimal performance. The project emphasizes the importance of grounding and avoiding interference from nearby electrical sources. The reception tests revealed the antenna's ability to capture a range of signals, demonstrating its practical application for enthusiasts interested in VLF reception and antenna experimentation. Overall, the BikeLoop serves as an excellent starting point for those looking to explore the world of VLF frequencies and enhance their antenna-building skills.

Unlike older radios, the 706 uses only one crystal oscillator (called the Master Oscillator). All other frequencies in the radio (L.O., 3-4 I.F. stages, VFO, and CW-offset) are computer-derived from the Master Oscillator. This makes it relatively simple to frequency-align the radio, so that it agrees with the Frequency Display in all modes.

Highlights the VE2CWQ amateur radio club, a key player in Quebec's emergency communication network and a member of the _RAQI_ federation. The club actively supports the _CANWARN_ program, providing crucial communication links during outages or natural disasters when traditional telecommunication infrastructure fails. Members are encouraged to monitor specific frequencies for vital updates and instructions during emergencies. The club maintains a repeater, VE2RAW, operating on **449.325 MHz** from Mont-Rougemont, ensuring reliable local coverage for its operations. VE2CWQ emphasizes the significant public service role of amateur radio beyond hobby, contributing to community safety and resilience.

256 memories enable the _AT-AUTO_ to recall settings across multiple bands, making it efficient for operators who frequently change frequencies. The tuner is compatible with various antennas and amplifiers, such as the Mercury LUX, and integrates seamlessly with radios like the FLEX 6400 using an RS232-USB connection. This integration allows the tuner to follow frequency changes without additional input, enhancing operational efficiency. Despite being out of production, the _AT-AUTO_ remains supported by Kessler Engineering, which offers firmware updates and repair services. The tuner features a cross-needle SWR meter, providing quick visual feedback during tuning. It also includes a QRO keyline circuit to protect amplifiers during tuning. Users appreciate the tuner's ability to track radios via CAT control, avoiding automatic tuning during QSOs, a common issue with other models. The _AT-AUTO_ is praised for its durability and performance, with many users noting its reliability over years of use. Its ability to handle legal limit power and its balanced line output make it a versatile choice for serious operators. Although it lacks some features like multiple coax outputs found in other models, its robust build and continued support make it a valuable tool for HF enthusiasts.

Amateur radio repeaters, often designated by an "R" number like _R6_ or _R5_, serve as crucial infrastructure for extending VHF/UHF communications range. This resource from Essex Ham explains the fundamental concept of a repeater, detailing how it receives on one frequency and simultaneously retransmits on another, typically with a 600 kHz offset for 2-meter repeaters. Understanding the input and output frequencies, along with the required CTCSS tone, is essential for successful access, ensuring your signal is processed and relayed across a wider service area. The article clarifies the importance of using the correct _CTCSS_ (Continuous Tone-Coded Squelch System) tone, often referred to as a sub-audible tone, to activate a specific repeater. It also touches upon the concept of _simplex_ operation versus repeater use, highlighting the benefits of repeaters for mobile and handheld transceivers. Proper operating procedures, such as listening before transmitting and keeping transmissions concise, are emphasized to maintain good amateur practice on shared repeater assets.

Mitigating impulse-type noise, a common challenge in the **HF radio spectrum**, often requires specialized processing before the signal reaches the transceiver's receiver stages. The NR-1 addresses this by functioning as an RF interference removal device, specifically a noise blanker, targeting transient noise sources. Its operational range extends from 1.6 MHz to beyond 70 MHz, making it suitable for various amateur radio bands and general shortwave listening applications. Unlike QRM eliminators or X-phasers, the NR-1 does not require a separate noise antenna for its operation, simplifying its integration into existing station setups. The device's design focuses on wideband performance, allowing its use both within and outside the allocated amateur radio frequencies. Documentation detailing its operation is available, providing insights into its technical specifications and deployment. This unit is a hardware product, conceptualized and implemented by SV3ORA.

An online reference table with Satellite information including current status, uplink and downlink frequencies.

All available frequencies & offsets configurations for repeaters can be downloaded as database for Kenwood MCP-2A memory channel programming software for TM-D710 & TM-V71. Zip file is no more available from the author, but the full table of frequencies is still online

The Icom IC-7300 is a popular SDR transceiver known for its excellent performance in ham bands. However, users have reported issues with reception reliability outside these bands due to ADC aliasing. This phenomenon occurs when the sampling rate of the radio interacts with frequencies outside the intended range, leading to unwanted signals being received. For instance, when tuned between 30 to 36 MHz, users may inadvertently pick up WFM broadcast signals or PMR communications due to aliasing effects. This guide outlines modifications to improve the IC-7300's performance by addressing the low-pass filter design, which is crucial for reducing interference from these unwanted signals. The proposed modifications involve adjusting the low-pass filter on the PA unit to better attenuate frequencies that cause aliasing. Measurements indicate that the original filter design allows significant signal leakage, leading to false receptions. By implementing the suggested changes, users can achieve a notable reduction in unwanted signals, enhancing the overall functionality of the IC-7300. While the modification requires careful soldering, the benefits in performance make it a worthwhile endeavor for serious operators looking to optimize their SDR experience.

The Covey Hill Amateur Radio Club operates a 146.685 MHz analog repeater with an 88.5 Hz PL tone, alongside several digital repeaters. The resource details specific frequencies and modes for D-STAR (145.590 MHz, 1266.300 MHz voice, 1297.675 MHz data on 23 cm), DMR-Marc (448.525 MHz), DMR-Brandmeister (441.750 MHz), Yaesu Fusion (449.725 MHz), and P-25 Digital (147.315 MHz). It also lists Echolink node 595040 (VE2REX-R) as an access point for the club's network. A recent update, dated June 19, 2024, announces the VE2REX analog repeater and Echolink are fully functional again, after resolving issues including a conflicting 100.0 Hz tone, software repairs for Allstar and Echolink, a suspected defective USB port on the Mini PC, and a faulty exciter in the Motorola Quantar repeater. Guy, VE2VMT, was instrumental in troubleshooting these problems. The club, established in 1994, provides a calendar, news, links, and membership information, with Linda Cullen, VE2NJK, serving as president and VA2DBJ as webmaster.

Details Amphenol Connex's product range, focusing on RF connectors, adapters, and cable assemblies. The company produces common radio frequency interfaces such as _BNC_, _SMA_, and _TNC_ connectors, alongside numerous other specialized designs. These components are critical for establishing reliable signal paths in amateur radio stations, ensuring proper impedance matching and minimal signal loss across various frequency bands. The manufacturing process emphasizes precision engineering to meet the demanding specifications of RF applications, from HF to microwave frequencies. Product lines support diverse coaxial cable types, facilitating custom cable assembly for specific station configurations. The extensive catalog provides solutions for both fixed station installations and portable operations, addressing the needs of contesters, DXers, and general amateur radio operators.

This page provides a list of UK scanner frequencies, specifically focusing on the Police UHF bands. It is a useful resource for hams interested in monitoring and listening to police communications in the UK. The page offers a detailed breakdown of frequencies used by the police, allowing hams to stay informed and connected to emergency services in their area.

Sporadic E is a form of propagation that can arise with little warning, and enable radio frequencies of 150 MHz and more to travel over distances of a thousand kilometres and more.

The goal of this interesting project is to monitor a particular set of frequencies for a set period of time. In this article your will find instructions to build and operate an all-band WSPR node using cheap hardware and free software. At the end of this you'll have a Raspberry Pi, connected to an RTL-SDR dongle that monitors all of the WSPR frequencies rotating randomly every 15 minutes.

List of global weather fax (HF fax) stations, including their locations, call signs, and frequencies. Click on any station's call sign to view its weatherfax broadcast schedule. This site provides various radiofax receiver manuals in PDF format, on the Receivers page.

Choking balun for lower HF and MF bands. (1.8MHz - 10MHz). Requiring a choking balun to isolate the potential RF pick up on the coax cable as it runs past equipment such as computer within the radio room at lower HF and MF frequencies a simple method of winding RG58 coax onto a Powdered Iron Toroid Core was constructed.

This article describes a simple yet effective multi-band vertical HF antenna design that performs exceptionally well across 80m to 10m bands. The antenna consists of a 13.4m wire mounted on a 12.4m Spiderpole, complemented by four 12m radials and a ground rod. Initially tuned with a manual LC circuit, it was later upgraded with a CG3000 remote auto ATU for convenient band switching. Despite antenna modeling software suggesting limited performance on higher frequencies, the system demonstrated excellent DX capabilities across all bands, outperforming more complex vertical antenna designs.

A Western Pennsylvania Radio Guide

Discover the key facts about what radio propagation is, the different types available and how they affect different frequencies.

A document that includes a list of all countries implementing CEPT licence, with detailed information on licence types like standard CEPT, CEPT Novice and HAREC. A full list of frequencies, and call signs schemas to be used by foreign operators, compiled by Hans Schwarz, DK5JI

Wisconsin UHF VHF scanning frequencies

All Satellites Frequency List Update. A complete list of satellite frequencies available in several formats, including info on Satellite Uplink and Downlink frequencies Beacon, operative Mode, Callsign and Weather sat functionality.

Conventional scanner frequencies for the San Francisco Bay Area, now in a fully searchable database

Operating an amateur radio station effectively requires reliable coaxial cable to minimize signal loss between the transceiver and antenna. SIVA Cavi, an Italian manufacturer, produces a range of coaxial cables, including specific 50 Ohm low-loss types suitable for amateur radio applications. Their product line features cables like **RG 58 SHF1**, **RG 213 SHF1**, and **RF 400 SHF1**, which are commonly deployed in HF and VHF/UHF setups. The company also offers specialized cables such as the **HF 214 UF Ultraflex**, a high-performance broadband low-loss 50 Ohm cable designed for flexibility and reduced attenuation across various amateur bands. These cables are engineered with solid or foam dielectric materials, impacting their electrical characteristics and suitability for different power levels and frequency ranges. For instance, foam dielectric cables often exhibit lower loss at higher frequencies, a critical factor for VHF/UHF operations. Beyond amateur radio, SIVA Cavi manufactures cables for digital video broadcast, offshore marine use, and fire detecting systems, demonstrating a broad engineering capability in coaxial cable technology.

This page provides detailed information on various antenna designs specifically tailored for hams operating on the 80m and 160m bands. The article covers the pourpose and usefulness of each design, helping hams optimize their radio communication capabilities on these popular bands. Whether you are a beginner looking to improve your setup or an experienced operator seeking new ideas, this page offers valuable insights to enhance your ham radio experience on the 80m and 160m frequencies.

These frequencies have been adopted into the bandplans of each IARU region to be a focus for emergency communications in their areas. They are not absolute frequencies but instead are centres of activity and emergency communications may be found around 20kHz from these centres. Some countries may maintain other emergency frequencies in their own bandplans due to local requirements, QRM etc

Explains the fundamental purpose of a repeater, detailing how these automated relay stations overcome distance and terrain limitations for VHF/UHF communications. It traces the historical development from early Bell Telephone Labs "relay" stations in 1922 to Art Gentry, W6MEP's, pioneering K6MYK amateur radio repeater in the mid-1950s, which remains active today. The resource clarifies the distinction between simplex and duplex operation, including the unique function of a "parrot repeater" for single-frequency recording and playback. Delving into the internal workings, the guide breaks down a repeater into its core components: the antenna system, feedline (often _Heliax_ or hardline for minimal loss), duplexer, receiver, transmitter, and controller. It emphasizes the critical role of the duplexer in preventing receiver desensitization by isolating transmit and receive signals, even with distinct frequencies. The discussion highlights the importance of high-performance, durable antennas and low-loss feedlines, citing examples of equipment installed in the 1960s and 1970s that are still in perfect working order. Operating a repeater is also covered, with an explanation of frequency offset (e.g., the 600 kHz standard for 2 meters) and the function of _CTCSS_ (PL tone) for access. It outlines standard input/output offsets for various bands, from 6 meters to 23 centimeters, while noting regional variations. The guide also touches on features like autopatch and Digital Voice Recorders (DVRs), providing a solid foundation for understanding repeater technology and usage.

DXFile is a Windows shareware application designed for amateur radio operators, providing comprehensive log management capabilities. The software, developed in Pascal, facilitates real-time and deferred QSO entry, automatically populating fields like frequency, mode, and DXCC country based on user input and system time. It includes features for searching, modifying, and deleting QSO records, with options to sort logs by date, callsign, or entry order. The program offers various printing functions, including QSL card labels in multiple formats, and can generate standard logbook printouts. Beyond basic logging, DXFile integrates modules for tracking progress towards major operating awards such as DXCC, _IOTA_, WAZ, WAS, DDFM, and DIFM. It provides detailed summaries of contacts by band and mode, including graphical representations of HF traffic. A dedicated QSL Manager module assists in processing received QSLs, allowing users to mark confirmations and print multi-line QSL labels. The application also incorporates a DXCC list viewer, which can be updated to ensure accurate country and zone data for logging and award tracking. A distinctive feature is its HF propagation prediction module, which calculates optimal frequencies and signal levels for paths between **250 km** and **6000 km**, considering both E and F layer ionospheric conditions. This module helps operators determine the best times for long-distance contacts. Additionally, DXFile includes a _Web-Cluster_ interface, enabling connection to various DX cluster servers like DXLITE, DXSCAPE, and NC7J for real-time spot information.

A coaxial cable trap is a fundamental component in multiband antenna design, enabling a single radiator to resonate efficiently on multiple frequencies by electrically shortening or lengthening the antenna element. This project focuses on constructing such a trap for a vertical antenna operating on the 10 MHz (30m) and 14 MHz (20m) amateur bands, providing practical insights into its fabrication and integration. The article outlines the specific dimensions and winding techniques for the coaxial trap, emphasizing the use of readily available materials. It details the physical construction of the vertical element, including the mast and radiating sections, to achieve optimal performance across both target bands. The author shares personal experiences with similar trap designs, noting their effectiveness in previous horizontal dipole configurations. Key construction steps are illustrated with _original photos_, showing the assembly of the trap and its incorporation into the overall antenna structure. The design aims for a compact footprint, making it suitable for limited space installations while still delivering effective DX capabilities on the **30-meter** and **20-meter** bands.

Paul McMahon presents a compact VSWR meter designed for QRP portable use, ideal for SOTA operations with rigs like the FT817. The device, constructed from readily available components, employs a simple resistive bridge for wideband performance from 1.8MHz to 52MHz, with diminishing accuracy at higher frequencies. Key features include no need for external power, simple calibration, and operation with low power levels. The design, detailed with parts lists, schematics, and construction guidelines, ensures a 2:1 worst-case VSWR to protect transceivers during antenna matching. Calibration points are set for accurate VSWR readings at various loads.

A Different way to construct a tried and true antenna out of PVC, especially for the 10 meter and higher frequencies.

Presents two distinct hardware modifications for the Icom IC-7300 transceiver, detailing the necessary steps for each. The first modification, a _MARS_ transmit expansion, involves the physical removal of specific surface-mount diodes (D422) from the main board, enabling transmit capabilities across a broader frequency range, including out-of-band frequencies. It specifies the diode location on US versions of the IC-7300 and suggests using small diagonal cutters if a soldering iron is not preferred or available. The second modification focuses on the internal antenna tuner, aiming to provide wider impedance matching capabilities. This involves adding a **100k ohm** resistor to a designated point within the tuner circuit. The resource also briefly mentions a microphone modification for the _HM219_ and a general power increase, though without specific instructions for the latter two. It emphasizes safety precautions, such as disconnecting power and inspecting the work area.

The Quarter-wave stub can be used for many purposes. If it is left with an open end it can be used as a notch filter to attenuate certain frequencies. A quarter wave length of a transmission line can also be used as an impedance transformer, to know more about the Quarter-wave impedance transformer

The article describes the construction of a 1:49 impedance transformer designed to match the high impedance (around 2500Ω) of an end-fed half-wave (EFHW) dipole antenna to the 50Ω impedance of a typical transceiver. The EFHW is a popular portable antenna due to its simple construction, but feeding it can be challenging compared to a center-fed dipole. The transformer was built using an FT240-43 ferrite toroid core, with 2 primary and 14 secondary windings for a 1:49 impedance ratio. A capacitor was added in series with the primary winding to improve performance at higher frequencies. The author compared versions with one and two cores, and found that 100pF worked best for the single core design while 200pF was optimal for the dual core transformer.

This is basic instructions for homemade 4G Antenna working on 2600 MHz UMTS featuring 13 14 dBi gain. This antenna is desigend to resonate on microwave frequencies in two segments from 2500 to 2570 MHz for Uplink, and from 2620 to 2690 MHz for Downlink.

Status of active Satellites on Amateur Radio Frequencies

The article details the C-Pole antenna project, emphasizing its portability and ease of setup for amateur radio operators. Key features include its compact design as a vertical half-wave dipole that requires no radials, making it functional at various locations. The antenna employs capacitive loading to reduce physical length while maintaining efficiency. It includes practical advice on resonance tuning, impedance matching, and construction materials, along with a calculator for determining dimensions based on desired frequencies. Overall, it presents a user-friendly solution for portable ham radio communication.

This DIY guide details constructing a 5-element Yagi antenna for VHF frequencies. Yagi antennas offer directional signal transmission/reception compared to omnidirectional ones. The guide covers material selection (aluminum, screws, etc.), design using software or formulas, and step-by-step assembly including cutting elements, drilling holes, and attaching the coaxial cable. While calculations are provided for a 146 MHz design, adjustments are necessary for different frequencies. Safety precautions and potential result variations are emphasized.

The resource details active HF radio networks maintained by foreign ministries for diplomatic communications, specifically listing operational schedules and frequencies. It currently covers networks for Bulgaria, Czechia, Egypt, North Korea, Russia, Tunisia, and the United States. The content provides specific operational parameters for these government-run shortwave stations. Information includes details on _legacy modes_ of operation and specific transmission times. The site also includes schedules for various _number stations_ which often utilize similar HF spectrum allocations. The data presented aids in identifying and monitoring these unique, non-amateur radio signals across the shortwave bands. Specific sections are dedicated to the networks of North Korea and the United States, offering granular data for each.

This project introduces the Loggi, a hybrid antenna merging the wide frequency coverage of log-periodic dipole arrays (LPDA) with the high gain and front-to-back ratio (F/B) of Yagi antennas. Traditional LPDAs span broad frequencies with moderate gain and low VSWR, while Yagis provide high gain and F/B over narrow bands. By analyzing high-Tau LPDA designs, it was found they could nearly match the gain of VHF/UHF Yagis while maintaining excellent patterns, F/B, and front-to-rear ratios (F/R). Optimizing specific elements for target frequencies (e.g., 144.1 MHz) led to the Loggi, which uniquely features all driven elements without passive directors or reflectors. This design effectively functions as a narrowband optimized LPDA, with front elements acting like Yagi directors and rear elements like Yagi reflectors, thus enhancing gain and directional characteristics while retaining broad frequency versatility.

A 5/8 λ antenna, often thought to be ideal for all frequencies, has unique characteristics that don't universally apply. First introduced for medium-wave radio, it works optimally at 225° antenna length over ideal ground, yielding high efficiency. However, at VHF and higher frequencies, it offers no advantage over other antennas due to real ground conditions and complex matching requirements. DIY calculators provide only rough estimates, useful as a starting point for simulations, not for precise builds.