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MMTTY V1.70K, released June 4, 2017, provides a full 3.5MB installation for RTTY operations on Windows platforms including XP, Vista, and Win7. The software, developed by JE3HHT, utilizes a soundcard for RTTY decoding and encoding, with support for external FSK keying via parallel or serial ports, including USB serial adapters. An MMTTY Engine V1.70K is also available, specifically designed for integration into other commercial amateur radio programs requiring RTTY functionality. Older versions such as MMTTY V1.68A (September 29, 2010) and MMTTY V1.66G are accessible, alongside a non-installer version (MMTTY168A-i.zip) for experienced users. The resource includes an updated ARRL.DX file for callsign lookup and offers a comprehensive 18MB PDF help file for offline viewing or download. Support for the software is directed to a group.io community. MMTTY integrates with **COMFSK** and **EXTFSK/EXTFSK64** for precise FSK keying, enabling direct radio control. The site also hosts MMJARTS V1.03, a 254KB utility released September 6, 2002, which generates log and summary sheets specifically for the JARTS RTTY contest, linking to the official JARTS website for contest information.

CwGet v2.55 is a software application for amateur radio operators designed to decode Morse code (CW) signals into text using a standard computer sound card, eliminating the need for specialized hardware. The program features a customizable interface with a spectrum display for visualizing signal frequencies and peaks, an oscillogram for monitoring signal presence and setting detection thresholds, and a received symbols window for displaying decoded text. Key functionalities include Automatic Frequency Control (AFC) to lock onto signals, adjustable FIR and IIR filters for noise reduction, and a burst filter to mitigate short noise impulses. It also supports automatic CW speed detection, multiple character sets, and the ability to record and replay received audio. Integration with logging software like AALog is facilitated through double-click word transfer, and transceiver frequency control is possible via the Omni-Rig interface, allowing for automatic tuning of the radio's VFO or RIT. The multi-channel decoder feature can simultaneously decode up to five strong signals within a 1600 Hz bandwidth, displayed in a separate Multi-RX Window with an adjustable squelch. CwGet also offers the capability to decode signals from pre-recorded WAVE files and can function as a narrow-band sound DSP filter for aural decoding. This is a commercial version and it has been tested on latest MS Winows versions.

A home made J-Pole antenna for 50 MHz. This article describes how to build a J-Pole antenna for the 6-meter amateur radio band. It's a good choice for those who want an antenna with better performance than a simple wire dipole, but at a lower cost than buying a commercial antenna. The project requires soldering copper pipes and some specific materials, but can be built in a day

Presents _Henry Radio Inc._ as a manufacturer of solid-state RF power amplifiers, detailing their capabilities across HF, VHF, and UHF bands. The company designs and builds custom amplifiers tailored for various applications, including amateur radio, commercial broadcasting, military, scientific, and industrial uses. These amplifiers are manufactured in the USA, emphasizing domestic production. Beyond amplifier manufacturing, the resource highlights Henry Radio's role as a distributor for _Bird RF Test Equipment_, including wattmeters, dummy loads, and attenuators. It also mentions _Tohtsu Coaxial Relays_ and a range of miscellaneous amplifier parts and electronic accessories, providing a broader scope of communication equipment offerings. Additionally, the site describes a trunking two-way radio system operating on the 450-476 MHz band, covering significant portions of Los Angeles and Orange County. This service caters to professional dispatch needs for ambulances, taxis, and other commercial entities, requiring no long-term contracts.

Amateur radio operators often seek reliable equipment for various modes and bands, from QRP operations to high-power DXing. Historically, Ten-Tec has been a notable manufacturer in the amateur radio market, known for its range of products including HF and VHF transceivers, RF amplifiers, and antenna analyzers. Their product line also encompassed specialized items such as QRP transceivers and kits, catering to enthusiasts of low-power communication, and antenna tuners for impedance matching. The company's offerings included test equipment vital for shack setup and maintenance, like SWR meters and RF analyzers, which assist in optimizing antenna systems and ensuring efficient power transfer. Additionally, Ten-Tec provided various accessories and components, supporting both commercial products and homebrew projects. The brand was recognized for its _made in the USA_ manufacturing, appealing to operators who prioritize domestic production. While the website currently displays limited product information, it mentions upcoming items like the _MODEL 594 PHOENIX_ and the _Tune-A-Tenna_, indicating potential future product releases.

Explains what amateur radio entails, detailing its dual role as a hobby and a public service, enabling communication among licensed operators using diverse radio equipment for self-training, recreation, and public service. It clarifies that ham radio operators require a government license, regulated globally by the ITU via the IARU, and outlines the privileges and responsibilities that come with operating an amateur radio station, including restrictions against commercial use and broadcasting to the general public. The resource then enumerates various activities hams engage in, such as worldwide HF communication, local VHF/UHF contacts, QRP operation, Packet Radio, Amateur Television, Slow Scan TV, contesting, and satellite communications. It also covers emergency and volunteer services, traffic handling, and the process of becoming a licensed amateur radio operator in the United States, mentioning local clubs, Elmers, and self-study as preparation methods for the FCC multiple-choice test.

Cushcraft Amateur Radio and commercial antennas HF and VHF vertical and yagi antennas owned by MFJ.

RF Concepts manufacturer of Alpha Linear Amplifiers, amateur radio RF power amplifiers, commercial power amplifiers, power meters and dummy loads.

Amateur Contact Log (AC Log) by N3FJP is a commercial Windows-based general logging program designed for amateur radio operators, supporting Windows 7 through 11. It provides comprehensive tracking for various operating awards, including Worked All States (WAS), Worked All Counties, Worked All Countries (WAC), DXCC, VUCC, Grids, Zones, IOTAs, and Lighthouses. The software features a customizable user interface, allowing operators to display specific data fields and adjust font sizes. It includes built-in databases for counties and countries, facilitates queries by band, mode, or power level, and offers a bearing and distance calculator for DX contacts. AC Log also provides DX spotting via Telnet or packet TNC, supports keyboard CW, and can play wave files. The program offers full support for ADIF import and export, enabling seamless integration with external services like eQSL, QRZ, Club Log, and the ARRL's Logbook of the World (LoTW) for QSO uploads and confirmation downloads. It interfaces with popular transceivers from Elecraft, Icom, Kenwood, Ten Tec, and Yaesu, and connects with digital mode software such as WSJT-X, Fldigi, and JTAlert via API. AC Log includes a Net Manager form for group logging, prints basic QSL label strips, and integrates with QRZ and Ham Call lookup services. The software is fully networkable for multi-PC operation, supports Parks on the Air (POTA) logging, and displays worked entities and DX spots on a real-time world map. Full featured Trial version available for 45 days

WiNRADiO Communications, a division of Radixon Group, was established in 1996 to commercialize extensive research in radio communications. The company specializes in integrating radio and computing technologies, offering a diverse product range for government, military, security, and amateur radio enthusiasts. Their product line includes the WR-G65DDCe 'EXCALIBUR Sigma' HF/VHF SDR receiver, noted for its capabilities, and the G31DDC EXCALIBUR, recognized for its price/performance ratio in shortwave listening with improved AMS and Noise Blanker features. The company also produces the G39DDC series EXCELSIOR for serious monitoring, WR-G526e/G527e/G528e modular SDR solutions for high-performance applications like phase-coherent direction finding, and the low-cost WR-G305e/G305i VHF/UHF receivers. Professional counterparts, the WR-G315e/G315i, support APCO P25 decoders and trunking options. WiNRADiO's offerings extend to the PFSL-G3 field strength logging system for mobile signal coverage, advanced multichannel telemetry systems like the MS-8323, and specialized antennas such as the AX-31C Log-Periodic and AX-81S active HF antenna. DRM decoder software is available for G3 Series receivers, enabling clear reception of DRM broadcasts. The WSS-420 Weather Satellite Receiving System and various antenna rotators are also part of their product ecosystem. WiNRADiO supports multiple operating systems, with MacRadio for Apple Macintosh users and LiNRADiO for Linux developers, providing drivers and network receiver solutions like the RLX-810.

Log4OM is a free logging software designed for amateur radio operators who require an integrated environment for station management and QSO logging. It is widely used by DXers due to its strong database capabilities and its integration with common online services. The program uses a structured SQL database and supports large logbooks without noticeable performance degradation. One of its key features is **CAT Control**, which allows direct communication with many transceivers for automatic frequency and mode detection. The **DX Cluster Client** provides real-time spotting with filtering and band/mode tracking, helping operators quickly identify new DX opportunities. Log4OM integrates with several external confirmation systems. Built-in support for **Logbook of The World (LoTW)** and **eQSL** allows automatic upload and download of confirmations. The software also includes **Award Tracking**, enabling operators to monitor progress toward DXCC and other award programs directly from the log. Additional capabilities include **Callbook lookup** via services such as QRZ, **ADIF import/export**, and customizable **QSL management** for both electronic and paper cards. The interface is modular, with panels that can be arranged depending on operating preferences. Log4OM does not include integrated digital mode engines, so digital operation normally relies on external programs such as WSJT-X or FLdigi connected through standard interfaces. Overall, Log4OM provides a comprehensive logging environment suitable for both casual operation and serious DX chasing, with a feature set comparable to many commercial logging applications.

Demonstrates _EasyLog_, a commercial logging software for Windows, first released in 1989. The software automates QSO logging, manages awards, and integrates with LoTW for credit submission. It features powerful and intuitive award management, seamless DX-Cluster integration, and a reliable country recognition system, supporting over **37 years** of continuous development. EasyLog provides dedicated technical support and regular updates for awards and DXCC country recognition. Users gain 12 months of access to all software versions and Manager updates with each purchase or renewal, with an option for 13 months upon early renewal. This tool transforms station management, freeing operators from repetitive tasks and enhancing the overall radio experience for both new and experienced DXers. The software is priced at **39,95€** for new users, including 12 months of updates.

Catalogs a diverse array of Software Defined Radio (SDR) projects and realizations, systematically classified by their sampling methodologies and underlying hardware architectures. The resource delineates projects into categories such as those utilizing soundcard sampling of traditional transceiver audio outputs (Type Ia), mono soundcard sampling of intermediate frequencies (Type R1x-x-xx), stereo soundcard sampling of I/Q IFs (Type Q1x-x-xx), dedicated stereo audio ADC sampling of I/Q IFs (Type Q2x-x-xx), direct antenna RF signal sampling with off-the-shelf acquisition boards (Type R3x-x-xx), dedicated RF ADC sampling of analog IFs (Type R2x-x-xx), dedicated RF ADC sampling of direct antenna RF signals with ASIC-based processing (Type R4x-A-xx), FPGA-based processing (Type R4x-F-xx), and specialized IF chipsets combining ADC and DDC functions (Type Dxx-S-xx). Each entry provides a brief description, often including pricing, availability of source code, and specific hardware components like ADCs, DACs, DDS, and FPGAs. The compilation presents various practical applications, from PSK31 and Packet radio implementations to adaptations of the DRM standard for amateur radio bandwidths, such as Hamdream and WinDRM. It features specific hardware designs like the SoftRock-40 for the 40-meter band, the Firefly SDR for 30m and 40m, and more complex systems like the Quicksilver QS1R, which employs a 16-bit 130 Msamples/s ADC and an Altera Cyclone III FPGA. The resource also lists sample processing software, RF front-end designs, and academic/commercial SDR initiatives, offering insights into different approaches for I/Q conversion and digital signal processing in SDR systems.

Amateur Radio, Citizen's Band Radio, Commercial Radio, General Electronic items, Marine Radio, and Short Wave Radios.

Repeaters, transmitters and receivers manufacturer for ham radio and commercial applications

Over 65 years of radio manufacturing experience underpins Icom's extensive product line, ranging from handheld VHF/UHF transceivers to sophisticated HF base stations. The company's global website serves as a central hub for product information, technical specifications, and support resources for its diverse range of communication equipment. Hams can explore detailed specifications for popular models like the _IC-7300_ and the _IC-9700_, alongside commercial and marine radio offerings. The site provides access to product catalogs, firmware updates, and user manuals, ensuring operators have the necessary documentation for their Icom gear. Information on new product releases and technological advancements in radio communication is regularly updated, reflecting the company's ongoing commitment to innovation in the amateur radio market. Icom's presence extends across various radio segments, including D-STAR digital voice, marine, avionics, and land mobile, demonstrating a broad engineering capability beyond just amateur radio.

This project shows how to build a 50-ohm dummy load using non-inductive resistors, oil for heat dissipation, and a simple assembly process. It enables accurate transmitter tuning, testing, and power measurement across LF to UHF bands. The setup allows meter calibration by measuring peak voltage, applying diode drop correction, and calculating RMS voltage and power precisely. Parts are inexpensive and widely available. With proper assembly, this dummy load offers extended service life, accurate readings within 2%, and a reliable alternative to costly commercial wattmeters for amateur radio applications.

AEA Technology Inc. is a pioneer and leading manufacturer of RF and cable test equipment for the wireless, Telco, CATV, NMR & MRI, RFID, telemetry, aviation, commercial, military, and two-way radio industries. Produces SWR Meters, Pre Amplifiers, filters, power meters and antenna testing products

Multimode suite, feature logging, Internet interface to CXCluster, Smart multi-mode controller software, contest, APRS, and PSK31 via Sound card. Free and Commercial version available.

Illustrates the fundamental principles of radio repeater operation, detailing how different duplex configurations overcome signal limitations in varied terrains. It begins by contrasting _simplex_ communication, where all units share a single frequency, with more complex systems designed for extended range and specialized applications. The resource systematically presents each mode, from basic base station setups to advanced multi-frequency configurations. The content specifically covers hemi-duplex systems, often used in commercial dispatch, where the base station transmits on one frequency and mobiles on another, without rebroadcast. It then progresses to semi-duplex repeaters, the most common type in amateur radio, which automatically retransmit received signals on a different frequency. The explanation extends to demi-duplex and hemi-demi-duplex systems, which incorporate multiple control links for enhanced operational flexibility and secure communications, as seen in public safety applications. Finally, the resource clarifies full-duplex repeater systems, exemplified by cellular networks, where simultaneous two-way communication is achieved through distinct transmit and receive frequencies for each direction. The visual aids, including **9 distinct figures**, effectively demonstrate the signal paths and frequency assignments for each operational mode, providing a practical understanding of repeater architecture.

Presents the product lines and corporate information for Japan Radio Company (JRC), a long-standing manufacturer of radio communication equipment. The company's offerings span various sectors, including marine, land, and aviation communication systems, alongside their historical contributions to amateur radio with notable **HF transceivers** and **shortwave receivers**. JRC emphasizes its technological expertise in areas such as radar, satellite communication, and network solutions, contributing to global safety and security infrastructure. The resource details JRC's commitment to leveraging its accumulated knowledge and experience in information and communication technology. While the primary focus has shifted towards commercial and governmental solutions, the legacy of JRC's amateur radio products, such as the JRC JST-245 transceiver and the NRD-525 receiver, remains significant within the ham radio community, known for their robust build quality and performance.

Open source Arduino based CW (Morse Code) keyer with a lot of features and flexibility, often rivaling commercial keyers.

Tarheel Antennas presents its product line of motorized **screwdriver antennas** and stainless steel mounting solutions, engineered for both amateur radio operators and commercial users. The resource details the manufacturing process, emphasizing in-house CNC machining and the use of quality materials for durability and performance. It highlights the company's commitment to U.S.-based manufacturing, with products built in St. Joseph, MO, since 2008. The site provides essential contact information for sales and technical support, including email addresses and phone numbers. It also includes a mailing address for physical correspondence. While noting a temporary absence from the Dayton Hamvention in 2024, the company expresses intent to return in 2026, indicating engagement with the amateur radio community.

SuperAntenna offer Portable, Stealth, Mobile, Base, Backpack, EmComm, Ham Radio, Marine, MARS, CAP, HF SSB, Gov, NGO and Commercial antennas

The homemade CW paddle key design, inspired by a QRP homepage, utilizes soldered PC board material for its construction. The builder, DL5NEJ, modified an existing design to achieve a smaller footprint, preferring a compact setup for portable operations. This paddle was specifically built to complement a Wilderness Radio SST20 QRP transceiver kit, demonstrating its suitability for low-power operations. The project details suggest a straightforward assembly process, with the primary components being readily available PC board scraps. The design emphasizes simplicity and functionality, aiming to provide a reliable keying experience comparable to commercial paddles like the Bencher. Performance evaluations indicated the simple paddle operates effectively, prompting further exploration into similarly minimalist QRP rig designs. Additional construction details for a similar paddle are available from PA0CMU.

BroadWave Streaming Audio Software facilitates the broadcast of live and pre-recorded audio content over the internet, operating as a server on Windows PCs. It supports streaming from over 40 audio formats, automatically converting files for optimal delivery. The software allows for up to 8 separate live audio streams from a single PC and can serve up to 500 simultaneous listeners, contingent on available internet bandwidth. Listeners access streams directly through standard web browsers, eliminating the need for specialized client software. The free version, available for non-commercial applications, includes most features and does not expire. It supports recording live audio streams to WAV files and displaying the number of connected users. The professional version offers additional capabilities such as custom banner displays and integration with Zulu DJ Software for live mix streaming. System requirements specify Windows 7/8/8.1/10/11, with older versions compatible with earlier Windows OS releases. The application is designed for internet radio broadcasting, podcasting, and sharing live events, providing a direct method for **audio distribution** to a global audience without complex setup.

DXSpotter is a commercial Win32 HAM radio application for working with DX Clusters by using TCP/IP protocol for communications. It is adapted to satisfy most DXer's needs. DXSpotter includes 2 programs in one: DXSpotter for connections via telnet protocol to more than 200 DX Clusters, and DXSpotter-Summit for connections to OH2AQ's WEB cluster DXSummit page with automatic page refresh Price USD 25

Catalogs over 9,300 radio transmissions heard within Finland, providing a detailed frequency database for Finnish radio enthusiasts. The resource lists frequencies for various services, including maritime VHF channel 16 at **156.800 MHz**, RHA68 channel 16 at 71.100 MHz, and _MIL AIR_ frequencies like 251.100 MHz. It also documents air traffic control frequencies, such as 123.775 MHz for Area Control and 127.000 MHz for Approach Control, alongside frequencies for Finnish Air Force operations at 140.550 MHz. The database includes entries for commercial shared channels at 170.450 MHz and 458.250 MHz, as well as specific local business frequencies like 443.125 MHz for Sale Merimasku. Shortwave broadcast entries are also present, noting stations like BBC at 6.035 MHz from Tashkent and AIR Akashvani Ext.Sce at 11.900 MHz from Bangalore. The site organizes its extensive listings by categories such as "Liikenne" (Traffic) with 2397 entries, "Radioamatoori" (Amateur Radio) with 781 entries, and "Yle" (General) with 2305 entries. The database was last updated on 26.2.2024, reflecting ongoing maintenance and additions to its comprehensive collection of Finnish radio spectrum data.

Commercial, military, and amateur radio rotators

Modifying the _ICOM IC-706MKII_ transceiver for out-of-band transmit capability involves specific surface-mount device (SMD) removal on the main circuit board. This procedure enables transmit functionality from 0.5 MHz to 200 MHz, excluding the commercial FM-Wide broadcast band, significantly expanding the radio's operational frequency range. The modification requires careful handling of small components and a fine-tipped, low-wattage soldering iron. Prior to beginning, all programmed memories and initial setup configurations must be noted, as the modification process will erase them. The instructions detail the necessary tools, preparation steps, and the precise location of the two SMD diodes to be removed. These diodes are situated near an oblong crystal can and a test point labeled _CP3_ on the main board. Successful completion returns the unit to its default configuration, necessitating manual reprogramming of memory channels and initial settings. This project is suitable for operators with experience in SMD work and fine soldering.

Commercial interactive radio control software tun under Windows Controls up to 16 Devices simultaneously with audio, in a client server mode, support for WAVECOM decoders and ROHDE & SCHWARZ receivers

Design and manufacturing of electronic components, kits, and accessories for the amateur and commercial communications. CMOS Keyers, W1AW receivers, PC borads kits

SDR-RADIO.com is a Windows console for SDR receivers and transceivers. Designed for the commercial, amateur radio and short-wave listener communities, the console provides a powerful interface for all SDR users. Many SDR owners have made their radios available over the internet. Just look at the Web Servers page for a list of the radios you can use. You do not need a licence to use this sodftware with RFSPACE, FUNcube Dongles, Soundcard (SoftRock) and low-end SDRs.

A quarter-wave vertical antenna design for HF operation offers a practical solution for radio amateurs seeking a compact and efficient multi-band radiator. This project details the construction of a 5-band HF vertical, drawing inspiration from established commercial products such as the _DX COMMANDER_ and the MV6. The design emphasizes ease of assembly and disassembly, making it suitable for portable operations or installations with limited space. The article provides insights into various construction methods and offers practical tips for building a robust yet lightweight antenna. It highlights the benefits of a vertical configuration for DX contacts, particularly on the lower HF bands, and discusses real-world performance observations. The antenna is designed to cover multiple HF bands, providing versatility for various operating scenarios. Operators can achieve significant DX results with this type of antenna, often comparable to more complex arrays, especially when deployed with an effective ground system. The project aims to empower hams to build a capable antenna without significant financial outlay.

Constructing a Lindenblad antenna for 137MHz NOAA satellite reception involves specific design considerations for optimal performance. The resource details the use of 4mm galvanised steel fencing wire, 300-ohm television ribbon cable, and wood/plastic components for the antenna structure. Key dimensions for a 137.58MHz-resonant antenna are provided, derived from the ARRL Satellite Handbook, specifying s, l, w, and d as 42, 926, 893, and 654mm respectively. The antenna is designed for Right Hand Circularly Polarised (RHCP) signals, requiring the four folded dipole elements to be tilted clockwise by 30 degrees. A significant aspect covered is impedance matching between the antenna's 75-ohm impedance and a typical 50-ohm receiver input. A twelfth-wave matching transformer, constructed from 117mm sections of 50-ohm RG-58 and 75-ohm RG-59 coax with a 0.66 velocity factor, is described. The article also addresses coaxial cable and connector selection, recommending 75-ohm Type-N connectors for RG-6 cable in professional setups and F56/F59 connectors for general use, while strongly advising against PL-259/SO-259 connectors for VHF. Strategies for mitigating Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) are discussed, including antenna placement to shield from local TV transmitters and the use of commercial or DIY band-pass filters, such as cavity resonators or helical notch filters, along with ferrite chokes on coaxial cables. Antenna orientation is explored, noting the Lindenblad's 'cone of silence' directly overhead and its maximized sensitivity towards the horizon. An experimental vertical tilt of 90 degrees is presented as a method to improve overhead reception and reduce interference from strong horizontal signals, particularly relevant in high RFI environments like the Siding Spring Observatory site.

Excel sheet containing technical comparisons of commercial HF portable antennas compiled by ON4SKY. Includes pictures, manufacturer, db gain, band coverage, F/B ratio, price, weight and dimensions.

AirMail is a HF radio mail program for sending and receiving messages via Pactor, either via the ham radio system or participating marine or commercial services

Amateur Radio, Citizen's Band Radio, Commercial Radio, General Electronic items, Marine Radio, and Short Wave Radios, Hamilton Ohio

The DXrobot, operational since 1999, offers a free, non-commercial service primarily for the VHF ham radio community. It specializes in automatic real-time E-skip warnings for **144 MHz** in both Europe and North America, delivered via email or SMS. Additionally, the system provides automatic aurora alerts for _50, 70, and 144 MHz_ openings through the same notification methods. Beyond real-time alerts, the DXrobot facilitates the reception of the latest DX-cluster spots via email, a feature useful for operators without immediate WWW or cluster access. The service also displays recent E-skip and aurora spots detected by the DXrobot on 50, 70, and 144 MHz, with updates every five minutes. Historical data includes lists of all DX spots from the previous day on 50, 70, and 144 MHz, updated daily. Key propagation data, such as MUF timeline, Solar X-rays, Geomagnetic Field, and Estimated Kp index, are also presented.

We are Western Canada's LARGEST Amateur Radio Retailer. Although we specialize in Amateur Radio Equipment, we also have equipment for the scanner enthusiast. For our commercial customers, we have Land Mobile Avionics and Marine radio equipment.

RF Path design software, tower coverage mapping software to evaluate radio transmitter sites, predict and simulate radio coverage, plan land mobile radio or cellular systems. Commercial RF coverage mapping software by Softwright llc.

Outlines recommended operating procedures for amateur radio repeaters, detailing best practices for general on-air conduct. It emphasizes using simplex when possible, monitoring the frequency before transmitting, and maintaining concise, thoughtful transmissions to avoid monopolizing the repeater. The resource also stresses the importance of legal identification, such as the Canadian requirement at the beginning and end of a contact and every thirty minutes of operation. Furthermore, the article provides specific instructions for **autopatch** operation, including access codes and the necessity of brief calls, while cautioning against misuse for long-distance calls or commercial purposes. It highlights the financial support expected from regular users to maintain repeater infrastructure. Finally, the guide differentiates between permanently linked repeaters, which offer extended coverage, and **code access linked repeaters**, explaining the sequence of identification and code entry required to establish and terminate links for broader communication.

The Q-signal **QRP** signifies a request to reduce power, and in amateur radio, it defines operating with 5 watts or less for CW and 10 watts or less for SSB. This article addresses common inquiries from new hams regarding the practice, its benefits, and implementation methods. It explains how a 5-watt QRP signal, compared to a 100-watt signal, typically results in only a 13dB drop in signal strength, equating to about two S-units, still providing solid copy under most conditions. Hams choose QRP for various reasons, including seeking a greater challenge in DXing or contesting, reducing band interference, or enabling portable field operations with lightweight, battery-efficient equipment. A modern single-band CW transceiver, key, and antenna can fit into a pocket, offering receiver performance comparable to commercial rigs and extended operation on a small battery. This portability facilitates operations in remote locations where higher-power setups are impractical. Operating QRP can involve simply reducing power on an existing commercial HF rig or building a dedicated QRP transceiver from a kit, such as the **Wilderness Radio SST** with its 2-watt output and 15mA receive current draw. While SSB is viable, CW remains the most popular and efficient mode for QRP due to its superior signal-to-noise ratio. The article lists common QRP calling frequencies across 160m through 10m bands for both CW and SSB, and highlights organizations like QRP ARCI and NorCal that support the QRP community.

Compiling an extensive collection of technical information, the Repeater Builder's website serves as a critical resource for those involved in amateur and commercial repeater systems. It covers a broad spectrum of topics essential for the design, construction, and ongoing maintenance of these vital communication hubs, drawing from years of practical experience in the field. The site provides detailed insights into various aspects of repeater technology, including specific information on VHF and UHF bands, such as 2-meter systems. Users can find data related to repeater logic, control systems, and interfacing with other radio infrastructure, all presented with a focus on practical application. Authored by Kevin Custer, W3KKC, the content reflects a deep understanding of repeater operations and engineering, offering guidance that extends beyond basic setup to advanced troubleshooting and optimization.

Terrasat Communications specializes in advanced RF technology for satellite communication, focusing on _Intelligent Block Up Converters_ (IBUCs) and Solid State Power Amplifiers (SSPAs). These products are engineered to enhance satellite link performance, offering features like extended frequency ranges and high power efficiency. The IBUC series, for instance, integrates a BUC with an SSPA, enabling operators to install, configure, and monitor units for both commercial and military satellite applications, ensuring reliable, high-performance connectivity worldwide. The company's offerings support various satellite bands, including C, X, Ku, and Ka, providing solutions for diverse operational requirements. Their technology is designed for robust field performance, with products like the _IBUC2_ and _IBUCG_ models demonstrating the integration of advanced diagnostics and control capabilities, which are crucial for maintaining optimal signal integrity in demanding environments. Terrasat's focus on _SSPA_ technology underscores a commitment to power efficiency and compact design.

Amateur Radio and Commercial Radio licencing exam practice. You can visit the Technician, General or Extra license pages where you can pick and choose the topics to practice so you can build up to a complete exam.

LNA Technology High Performance Low Noise Preamplifiers for Amateur Radio, VHF-UHF weak signal, DX, EME, and commercial applications.

Baluns for amateur and commercial radio.

Dealer of cb, professional and commercial two way radios and accessories based in Spain and Italy

Balun Designs wind high quality baluns and ununs for Amateur Radio and commercial applications based on the researched and tested designs of Dr. Jerry Sevick, W2FMI.