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Superfast analyzer for audio and radio signals. Examining radio signals is the original idea of Analyzer2000. Simply connect the AF-output of your receiver to the input of your soundcard and see, what you hear. Use SSB and you will have a feeling like using an expensive IF panorama adapter. Support for this version has been discontinued.

Dissects the internal components of the popular _Antron 99_ vertical antenna, revealing its unique design elements. The analysis details the construction of the coaxial phasing sections, which contribute to its multi-band performance across 10, 12, 15, and 17 meters. Observations include the use of fiberglass tubing for weather protection and the specific arrangement of conductors within the antenna's structure. The examination highlights the antenna's reliance on a series of coaxial stubs to achieve resonance on multiple HF bands without external tuning. This internal architecture provides insights into how the _Antron 99_ manages impedance matching and radiation patterns for effective DX operation. Further details cover the antenna's base mounting and overall physical dimensions.

Online computer-based training for the amateur radio written exams

A gamma match example

This resource, last modified in August 2000, provides a personal amateur radio web presence for N3LS Larry, focusing on homebrew project announcements and a curated list of amateur radio links. It mentions plans for 10 to 15 new homebrew projects, indicating a focus on DIY electronics construction. The page also offers guidance for aspiring amateur radio operators, including tips for obtaining study guides and links to testing practice sites, suggesting an educational component for newcomers to the hobby. The content primarily serves as a personal hub, with a strong emphasis on sharing homebrew endeavors and supporting new licensees. While specific project details are not present, the intent to add numerous homebrew projects highlights a practical application of electronics knowledge. The inclusion of study resources aims to assist individuals in preparing for amateur radio license examinations, making it relevant for those seeking to enter the hobby.

Morse Code Training, Practice and Exam Program by Stormy Weather SoftWare Ltd

Examines the operational differences between **quad** and **Yagi** antenna designs, focusing on their respective performance characteristics for amateur radio applications. The document highlights key metrics such as forward gain, front-to-back ratio, and bandwidth, which are crucial for effective DXing and contesting. It discusses how element configuration, boom length, and material choices impact the efficiency and radiation patterns of each antenna type across various HF bands. Practical considerations for antenna builders are addressed, including structural integrity, wind loading, and overall weight, particularly when using fiberglass spreaders for quads. The resource also covers precipitation static reduction in quads due to their closed-loop design and their ability to operate efficiently at lower elevations compared to Yagis. It provides insights into dual-polarization feed systems for quads, offering independent vertical and horizontal feed points for enhanced operational flexibility.

Examines the current geopolitical landscape of Armenia, offering detailed reports on regional developments and internal political discourse. The station, _Radio Azatutyun_, covers critical discussions such as the potential for conflict in September, with one source suggesting a "war is coming, it won't be delayed," alongside ongoing debates about Armenia-EU visa liberalization, which is projected to require "another 2-3 years" for completion. It also highlights the contentious rhetoric surrounding the Prime Minister's interactions with displaced persons from Artsakh. The resource delves into significant international relations, including discussions between Bayramov and Araghchi on regional situations, and Iran's denial of recent negotiations with the US. It also features updates on former President Trump's demands for an additional **$200 billion** for defense and his assertion that "regime change" in Iran is effectively underway. Further content includes analyses of drone attacks in Baku, the proposed new Constitution, and local issues such as the delayed reconstruction of Gyumri's central market and the persistent problem of Vanadzor's temporary kindergartens. The platform also hosts podcasts like "The Choice is Yours," exploring the reliability of pre-election polls.

The NCDXF/IARU International Beacon Project schedule provides precise transmission start times for 18 beacons operating on 14.100 MHz, 18.110 MHz, 21.150 MHz, 24.930 MHz, and 28.200 MHz. Each beacon transmits every three minutes, cycling through its callsign at 22 WPM followed by four one-second dashes. The initial callsign and first dash are sent at 100 watts, with subsequent dashes at 10 watts, 1 watt, and 100 milliwatts, enabling **propagation analysis** across varying signal strengths. The schedule lists the minute and second within each hour for the first transmission of each beacon on its respective frequencies. This resource allows **DXers** and **contesters** to accurately predict beacon transmissions for real-time propagation assessment. For example, 4U1UN transmits first at 00:00 on 14.100 MHz, followed by VE8AT at 00:10, and W6WX at 00:20, continuing the sequence. The page also notes recent hardware upgrades, such as the installation of IBP 2.0 controllers with Icom 7200 radios at some sites, and provides status updates for beacons experiencing hardware failures or those not recently heard, aiding in troubleshooting and managing expectations for monitoring.

A 13,8v/5Amp 78H05 based power supply for portable use. In this example used to power up a Yaesu FT-817

Antenna modelling techniques and examples by W4RNL

Over 45 years of amateur radio experience inform the homebrew projects detailed on this personal website, with a particular focus on microwave frequencies. The site showcases a 24 GHz transverter and a more recent 47 GHz transverter, demonstrating practical construction techniques for extreme high-frequency operation. These projects often involve custom circuit design and careful component selection to achieve stable performance at millimeter-wave bands. Key projects include a _harmonic converter_ for frequency measurement and a tracking spectrum analyzer, essential tools for microwave experimenters. The site also documents a CW sidetone generator and a TX/RX sequencer, illustrating fundamental building blocks for radio equipment. Details on a digital frequency meter and an S-meter/dBm meter provide insights into test equipment construction. Specific achievements, such as a **24 GHz** tropo QSO with DK3SE in 2021, highlight the operational success of these homebrewed systems. The content reflects a long-standing dedication to self-sufficiency in amateur radio, providing practical examples for those interested in building their own gear.

Mirko Pelcl's extensive radio collection features numerous historical transceivers and receivers, with a significant focus on military communications gear. The collection includes notable examples such as the Wireless Set No. 19, various Cold War-era military radios, and even a rare WWII spy radio utilizing a Loewe 3NF tube. Visitors can explore detailed sections dedicated to sets manufactured before 1945, including those used for military exchange, and a separate category for post-1945 radios, particularly those from the former Yugoslavia. The site also delves into specific modifications, like a digital head conversion for the RU-20, and showcases a frequency counter built with a microcontroller. This personal archive provides a unique glimpse into the evolution of radio technology, from early vacuum tube designs to more modern solid-state military transceivers like the PRC-515. The content reflects Mirko's dedication to preserving and documenting these pieces of radio history.

Details a practical QRP wattmeter construction, leveraging a simplified SWR meter design by JA6HIC. The project focuses on a forward-only power measurement circuit, providing a functional instrument for RF power levels from milliwatts up to 5 watts. It maintains a 50-ohm input and output impedance, suitable for typical QRP transceivers and antenna systems. The resource includes the schematic for the "VSW" (Very Simple Wattmeter) and outlines a six-step alignment procedure. This calibration process involves using a known RF source up to 5W, setting full-scale deflection, and marking power increments. It also addresses minimizing frequency effects on readings with a 100pF trimmer capacitor, noting that measurement error is highest at the lower end of the scale. Construction notes mention using a piece of RG-213 coaxial cable for the inductance and coupler, with the wattmeter assembled in early 2003. The author provides an example measurement showing 0.8W into a dummy load and 1W into a 3-element beam.

RSCW demonstrates a Linux/Unix command-line utility engineered for **Morse code** decoding via a computer's sound card. It specifically targets the extraction of weak CW signals from noise, operating on 8-bit, 8000 samples/second audio input, typically from `/dev/dsp`. The program outputs decoded characters to `stdout`, supporting user-specified speeds in words per minute (WPM) and carrier frequencies. While effective for machine-sent signals, it exhibits a 2-second decoding lag and requires manual speed input, making it less suitable for general-purpose, real-time contest operation. The resource details the program's components, including `rscw` (the main decoder), `rscwx` (an X11 graphical auxiliary for spectrum and internal signal visualization), `rs12tlmdec` (a specialized decoder for RS-12 amateur radio satellite telemetry), and `noisycw` (a utility for generating noisy Morse signals for testing). Installation instructions involve downloading a `.tgz` file, compiling with `Make`, and requiring the FFTW library (and GTK 2.0 for `rscwx`). Performance is illustrated with a .wav file example of a 12 WPM, 800 Hz CW signal at 12 dB Eb/N0, showcasing RSCW's near-error-free decoding of a test message. The site provides command-line examples utilizing `sox` for audio conversion and `noisycw` for signal generation, inviting comparisons with other decoding software and human operators, particularly for weak signal conditions.

The EF0604S is a compact 4 elements yagi antenna plan for six meters band featuring 8.77 dBi gain and a front back gain of 17.89 dB. Article includes elements dimensions and spacing, along to pictures of some homebrewed examples.

home of the AA9PW exam practice pages.This site is designed to allow you practice for the following FCC Radio and FAA Aviation licensing exams.

The best way to describe a go-box is a complete amateur radio station in a box. An example is described in this article. The project describes building a portable amateur (ham) radio station, known as a "go-box," housed in a durable orange Pelican case. The go-box contains all necessary radio equipment except for external power and antennae, which are carried separately. It includes items like a Yaesu transceiver, power supply, antenna tuner, speaker, and a clock. The case is designed for mobility and visibility, with a vertical layout to allow in-vehicle operation. Future upgrades might include cooling fans, an LED lamp, and built-in antennae for better functionality in various conditions.

STSORBIT PLUS, usually known as STSPLUS, will track the space shuttle or any satellite for which orbital data (TLEs) are available. A brief description of the program and several screen capture examples follow the links for downloading the program files.

Demonstrates CW Decoder Logic, a freeware application for Windows Vista SP2, 7, 8, and 10, designed to decode Morse code signals. The software incorporates an optimized 80 Hz DSP filter, enabling reception of CW signals across a speed range of 5 to 60 WPM. Key features include automatic signal tracking within a 3 KHz range, real-time speed detection, and an auto squelch function, enhancing decoder sensitivity and accuracy. The application provides station selection directly on a waterfall display and includes a "Tips" feature for word annotations. It supports sending decoded text to external logging software via UDP protocol, with a logger source code example provided for developers. Configuration options allow users to set speed limitations and customize interface elements. Released initially on October 17, 2016, with subsequent updates, the program requires Microsoft .NET Framework 4.5 or higher. Changelogs detail improvements such as increased program stability, code optimizations for speed, and fixes for display issues across different Windows versions.

Contest LogChecker is a set of contest tools for Microsoft Windows, combining advanced text editing with keyword highlighted, and the ease and flexibility of import, export, statistics and charting utilities. With LogChecker you can edit, fill in the log, check Cabrillo Format and Header, convert files from the most popular logging software to Cabrillo, print customizable files, calculate statistics and export logs to RTF, PDF or HTML for publishing. You can examine a log in many different ways by highly interactive methods. LogChecker includes a Master Callsign Database tool for managing databases, which have been generated from actual contest logs. Commercial

Constructing a compact, two-band magnetic loop antenna for HF operation, especially from constrained locations like a balcony, presents unique challenges. OK1FOU's design, inspired by DJ3RW's 50 MHz loop, addresses these by employing an unusual side-fed configuration and placing the symmetric, two-section variable tuning capacitor at the bottom of the loop, directly connected to the coax shield. The article provides specific material recommendations, including two 1-meter wooden pales and about 3 meters of thick loudspeaker cable, noting the high current (60A at 100W) in the loop. Construction steps detail forming two turns with a 5 cm gap, using a GDO to pre-tune the open loop to a frequency slightly above the desired highest band, and then integrating the tuning and coupling capacitors. For 10/14 MHz, an open loop resonance of 16-17 MHz is suggested. Practical experience with the 10 MHz band from a third-floor balcony in Prague (JO70GC) shows a 1:1 SWR across most of the band without an external ATU. While DX traffic was modest due to the urban environment, QSO examples with RA6WF, LA6GIA, G0NXA, and LZ1QK on 10 MHz are provided, demonstrating its operational capability.

This article explores a theoretical model for the losses of an 80m / 40m trapped inverted V dipole antenna system using a bootstrap coax trap, but does not examine the pattern of the antenna.

Amateur radio club serving NEW YORK area. Club has fully equipped station,holds two hamfests a year,ve exam ,field day and contesting.

This page will help you find a US amateur license exam session near you.

Amateur Radio License exams are composed of questions from a pool. Use this application to practice all possible questions prior to taking your exam

It's a whole new way of preparing for the government FCC License examination. The classroom is your home.

Amateur Radio and Commercial Radio licencing exam practice. You can visit the Technician, General or Extra license pages where you can pick and choose the topics to practice so you can build up to a complete exam.

The QRP choke balun described utilizes a high permeability ferrite rod and RG-174 coax, aiming to present high impedance to common-mode currents across the HF spectrum. The construction involves winding as many turns of RG-174 as possible around the ferrite rod, then encapsulating the assembly with hot glue. This design prioritizes maximizing inductance to suppress unwanted shield currents, particularly in unbalanced antenna configurations. While the balun's effectiveness is subjectively reported as good, a potential design consideration involves the dielectric properties of the hot glue. This material could increase turn-to-turn capacitance, potentially reducing the balun's performance at higher HF frequencies, though this specific aspect has not been formally tested by the author, _AA5TB_. The project serves as an illustrative example of a practical, junk-box construction rather than a rigorously engineered solution. Photographs detail the evolution of the balun, from the initial winding process to its integration within a _B&W dipole center insulator_ and final camouflaged assembly.

Information about amateur licensing: examination requirements, scheduled exam sessions, renewals, FCC and NCVEC forms, vanity call signs, volunteer examiners, fees, special-event call signs.

Many antennas function because of common mode currents, rather than working in spite of them. Two popular examples are CFA and EH antennas. Another recent example, appearing in Antennex's compact antenna articles, is a thick stub "vertical" with no counterpoise.

Examines the historical landscape of "boat anchor" amateur radio equipment manufacturers, focusing on the technical innovations and market dynamics that shaped the industry from the pre-WWII era through the transition to SSB. It details the origins and key product lines of prominent U.S. companies like _Collins Radio Company_, _Central Electronics_, and _Barker & Williamson_, highlighting their contributions to receiver and transmitter design. The resource contrasts early AM technology with the advent of SSB, explaining the circuit changes required in receivers and the complete rethinking needed for transmitters. It discusses the impact of military contracts on company survival and the eventual shift towards smaller, self-contained transceivers. Specific examples, such as the _Collins R-390/URR_ receiver and the _Central Electronics 100V/200V_ broadband transmitters, illustrate the engineering prowess and design philosophies of the era, offering insights into their operational characteristics and enduring appeal among collectors.

Free windows program to display all the questions in the General Technician and Extra question pool by N3FJP

ARRL page on amateur radio exam questio pools, withdrawn questions and question pool schedule

Demonstrates the design and construction of a compact, portable multi-band mini-delta loop antenna, specifically optimized for /P (portable) operations from remote locations like Scottish islands. The resource covers the theoretical underpinnings of half-wave loops, contrasting closed and open configurations, and then details the application of a folded dipole principle to achieve a 50-ohm match for direct coax feed. It presents empirical formulas for calculating element lengths, considering the velocity factor of common wire types, and provides a detailed example for a 20m (14.175 MHz) version. The article includes a comprehensive table of dimensions and allowances for a five-band (20m, 17m, 15m, 12m, 10m) mini-delta beam, along with construction hints for the central support and balun. It specifies a 1:1 trifilar balun wound on a ferrite rod and describes the antenna adjustment process using an _MFJ-259B Antenna Analyser_. Initial test results indicate an SWR of 1:1 at resonance and a bandwidth of approximately 240 kHz on 20m, even at a low height of five feet above ground. The distinctive utility lies in its focus on a practical, easily deployable beam antenna for portable DXing, offering a viable alternative to more complex or larger arrays.

A 100Ft wire antenna for the top meter band

A trifilar folded dipole antenna for 80 meters band

Take the mystery and mystique out of standing wave ratio. QST Article by K5DVW

These instructions use simple, generally familiar examples of equipment types and are designed to help you find the adjustment that suits you best. If you are looking on how to adjust a morse key, bencher key, paddle or straight morse key, here you will find all instructions.

A Working analysis of the gamma match problem that gives useful practical results in a article dated April 1969.

An Arduino APRS project based on the real time OS BeRTOS

The UK amateur radio licensing scheme features three distinct tiers: Foundation, Intermediate, and Full, each granting specific operating privileges. For instance, the **Foundation Licence** permits a maximum of 10 watts output power on most allocated bands, with restricted band access. The Intermediate Licence allows up to 50 watts, while the **Full Licence** grants access to the maximum UK legal power limits and all available amateur radio band allocations. UK call sign prefixes and formats provide insights into the licensee's class and the approximate issuance date. For example, M3, M6, and M7 prefixes with three letters denote Foundation Licences issued from 2002, 2008, and 2018 respectively. Intermediate Licences, often starting with "2E0" or "2E1" followed by three letters, were issued from 1991 onwards. Full Licences encompass a broader range of prefixes like G2, G3, G4, G0, and M0, with varying letter counts indicating different historical license classes and issuance periods, such as G3 plus three letters issued between 1946 and 1971. Special prefixes like GB are reserved for repeaters, beacons, data mailboxes, and special event stations, with specific numerical sequences (e.g., GB3 for repeaters, GB7 for data repeaters/mailboxes) indicating their function. Optional prefixes such as GC, GD, GI, GM, and GW denote specific UK countries (e.g., Wales, Isle of Man, Northern Ireland, Scotland, England) and can also signify club stations.

This online article provides a list of individuals who hold or have held amateur radio callsigns, detailing their public recognition. The resource identifies specific callsigns such as **K1JT** (Joe Taylor, Nobel Prize in Physics), **W6OBB** (Art Bell, syndicated radio personality), and **JY1** (King Hussein of Jordan), linking them to their non-amateur achievements. It also notes operational statuses like _Silent Key_ for deceased operators and _lapsed callsign_ for inactive licenses. The article includes information on callsign changes due to vanity callsign programs and provides examples of individuals involved in specific technical areas, such as Percy L. Spencer (**W1GBE**), inventor of the microwave oven, and Jay Kolinsky (**NE2Q**), inventor of electronic sirens. It also references amateur radio involvement in _space missions_ for individuals like Owen Garriot (**W5LFL**) and Helen Sharman (**GB1MIR**). DXZone Focus: Online Article | Famous Hams | Callsign Status | Vanity Callsigns

Ham Start, starter kit. Stugy guides, resources, exams, upgrades and morse code. A guide for beginners and license upgraders, Resources for getting started and advancing in ham radio (USA)

Online ham radio practice exam by eHam, allow practice current exams but also old amateur radio exams based on old licence classes.

A project of a bobtail-curtain antenna for 10 MHz

The purpose of this page is to examine the performance of a typical Beverage when all variables except length are held constant

Repeaters available in or near Ridgecrest California, Amateur Radio License Examination Schedules

Accurately determining an antenna's feedpoint impedance is crucial for optimal performance, especially when experimenting with new designs or making adjustments. While SWR meters provide basic information, a full complex impedance measurement reveals the resistive and reactive components, which are essential for proper matching. Modern antenna analyzers, like the _Palstar ZM30_ or MFJ259B, simplify this task, but measurements taken through a transmission line require careful interpretation due to impedance transformation. This resource details a calibration method to precisely account for the effects of the feedline. It explains how a transmission line can significantly alter the measured impedance, illustrating this phenomenon with a Smith Chart example where an 80m antenna's [22 + j6] Ohms feedpoint impedance transforms to [82 + j45] Ohms after a 10m line. The guide demonstrates using a transmission line calculator applet, such as the one by W9CF, to reverse this transformation. It outlines the process of calibrating a specific length of RG174 coax, showing how an initial 26ft estimate was refined to **25.85ft** to accurately predict a known 22 Ohm load, significantly improving accuracy over uncalibrated results.

This article examines the performance of the Ameritron AL-811H amplifier with the supplied 811A tubes and with 572B tubes, and details a procedure for replacement of existing tubes.