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The MiniPA Linear Amplifier for HF page discusses the popularity of QRP for HF among ham radio operators, such as those using the Yaesu FT818 or low power SDR transceivers. It explores the use of cheap kits from eBay or Chinese suppliers to build a 70-100W SSB amplifier using IRF530 MOSFET transistors. The article provides a review of the MiniPA design, including its features, components, and assembly process. It also highlights the importance of using a heatsink and forced air cooling for optimal performance. This page is useful for hams looking to enhance their HF rig with a budget-friendly amplifier.

Experimental Methods in DSP design. The author explains how a software defined radio works to help other amateurs with their learning. This set of tutorials takes you from how to write a single component to a fully working SDR.

Design and manufacture antennas for mobile devices, wireless data including WiMAX, WiFi, and WISP (Wireless Internet), two-way radio and RFID (Radio Frequency Identification).

The Salvation Army Team Emergency Radio Network (SATERN) is a vital resource for amateur radio operators involved in emergency communications. This network facilitates the coordination of communication during disasters, ensuring that vital information can be relayed effectively. SATERN operates through a series of nets that connect operators across various regions, allowing for real-time updates and support during emergencies. Participation in SATERN not only enhances your skills as an amateur radio operator but also contributes to community resilience. Operators are trained to handle emergency traffic and provide assistance to those in need. By joining SATERN, you become part of a dedicated team that prioritizes safety and communication in times of crisis. The network encourages regular participation in drills and training sessions to ensure readiness when real emergencies arise.

Construction tips of a basic wire antenna, the half wave dipole. Inverted V dipoles and effects of inverted v on radiation pattern.

Malcom Technical Support Radio Electronics Repair, ICOM Authorized Service Center, also service 1988 and newer Kenwood HF/VHF/UHF transceivers based in Toledo, WA USA

Demonstrates the _Widget DX HB9HBY_ software, a compact desktop application for amateur radio operators, providing essential real-time information. The widget displays UTC time, current HF propagation conditions, local weather, and thunderstorm risk. It also integrates radio-related links and offers advanced PRO functions, such as a DX map, HF noise radar, IBP beacon synchronization, contest heatmap, aurora radar, and a rare DX radar. The software is available for Windows 10/11 and Linux, with a macOS version planned for future release, and supports both French and English interfaces. Author HB9HBY highlights the widget's simple installation process and automatic update capabilities, which can be silent for minor fixes or include notifications for significant changes. The free version provides core functionalities, while a 15-day free trial unlocks the PRO features. A lifetime PRO license is available for a one-time payment of CHF 10, activating advanced tools that help operators make quicker decisions at the station by correlating propagation, UTC, DX activity, and local conditions, though results remain indicative and require confirmation via listening or tools like _RBN_ or _PSKReporter_.

This PDF guide provides step-by-step instructions on how to build a Bunnings Balun for your ham radio antenna. A balun is essential for matching the impedance between your antenna and radio, improving signal transmission. The guide is perfect for hams looking to enhance their radio setup on a budget. Follow the detailed instructions to create your own balun using easily accessible materials from Bunnings or any hardware store.

A distance of 1/8 lambda between the antenna and the vehicle roof is suggested for optimal performance, with slight adjustments possible to lower the take-off angle for terrestrial contacts. This resource details the adaptation of an _Eggbeater_ antenna for mobile use, specifically for VHF operation, leveraging the car's metal roof as a ground plane. It illustrates the mounting method, repurposing a magnetic ski carrier base, and describes the integration of coaxial relays for polarization reversal, a feature also applicable to UHF versions as discussed in "_Eggbeater Antenna VHF/UHF – Part 2_". This mobile configuration proves effective for satellite communications, such as through the International Space Station (ISS), while also maintaining strong performance for land-based radio contacts. The inclusion of switches with indicator lights for VHF and UHF polarization control, powered by the vehicle's battery, highlights practical considerations for field deployment. The system's adaptability for portable operations underscores its versatility beyond fixed mobile installations.

Operating under the callsigns G1ORC, G4ORC, and M5ORC, the Oldham Amateur Radio Club (OARC) serves as a local hub for radio enthusiasts in Royton, Oldham, England. This RSGB-affiliated organization welcomes individuals with an interest in any facet of radio communication, fostering a community environment for learning and on-air activity. The club maintains an active calendar, detailing upcoming amateur radio events and specific courses hosted by OARC, providing a structured approach to engagement for its members. Club activities are centered at the No.1855 (Royton) Squadron Air Training Corps on Park Lane, a consistent meeting point for members. This physical location facilitates hands-on learning, equipment demonstrations, and social interaction among hams. OARC's commitment to the hobby is evident through its multiple transmitting licenses, enabling diverse operational experiences for its members across various bands and modes.

The Texas Slow Net (TSN) operates daily at 7:45 PM local time on 3570 KHz, serving as a dedicated traffic handling training net within the National Traffic System. It specifically caters to operators aiming to enhance their **International Morse Code** skills and learn proper CW traffic net procedures. Each session incorporates a traffic handling lesson delivered as a radiogram to all participants, reinforcing practical application. The resource provides guidance on effective Morse Code learning, emphasizing sound recognition over visual dot/dash counting, suggesting characters be sent at 15 words per minute with adjusted spacing. It recommends listening to W1AW code practice transmissions, setting goals with ARRL's Code Proficiency Program qualifying runs, and regular participation in NTS traffic nets. The content also references the ARRL's Public Service Communications Manual, particularly Section 2, which details the **National Traffic System**.

Demonstrates the activities and mission of ARMIC, the Association of Visually Impaired and Disabled Radio Amateurs of Catalonia, operating under the callsign EA3RKR. The organization focuses on making amateur radio accessible to all, particularly those with visual impairments, by providing resources and fostering a supportive community. It highlights their commitment to inclusive radio operation within the amateur radio service. ARMIC's initiatives include an accessible radio school, emphasizing practical construction projects and operational techniques tailored for members. The association actively promotes participation in various amateur radio activities, ensuring that visually impaired operators can engage fully with the hobby. Their work underscores the importance of adaptive technologies and methods to overcome physical barriers in radio communication. This resource reflects ARMIC's dedication to building an accessible radio environment, aligning with the broader goals of the Grupo Social ONCE, a Spanish organization supporting blind and visually impaired individuals.

Microwaves101 provides an extensive repository of information covering fundamental principles of microwave design, targeting engineers and radio amateurs interested in the higher frequency spectrum. The site features a detailed _encyclopedia_ of microwave terms and concepts, alongside practical design considerations for various components and systems. It serves as a foundational reference for understanding RF propagation, transmission lines, and active/passive microwave circuits. The resource includes numerous calculators for impedance matching, filter design, and other critical RF parameters, facilitating hands-on project development. Discussions on **10 GHz** equipment and **24 GHz** projects highlight practical amateur radio applications, extending to operations up to 134 GHz. Content spans from basic theory to advanced topics like MMIC design and antenna characteristics, supporting both educational and practical endeavors in microwave technology.

This PDF document reviews the POTA PERformer Antenna by KJ6ER, providing insights and details about its performance and features. The content is aimed at hams looking for information on this specific antenna model to help them make an informed purchasing decision. It contains technical specifications, user experiences, and possibly recommendations for optimal use. The review is valuable for hams interested in portable operation and seeking a reliable antenna solution for Parks on the Air (POTA) activations.

The Sutton & Cheam Radio Society has a 60 year history. We are an Affiliated Society of the Radio Society of Great Britain (RSGB) and are based in the London Borough of Sutton.

Showcasing college amateur radio club activities, events, and projects. Informs visitors of up to date news items pertaining to ham radio technology used on campuses by students, faculty, and staff. A way for alumni to be informed of their clubs activities.

The Black River Amateur Radio Club (K8BRC) operates as a central hub for amateur radio enthusiasts within Van Buren County, Michigan, and its adjacent regions. This organization facilitates various activities, including local nets, educational initiatives, and community service events, all aimed at promoting the hobby and enhancing operational skills among its members. The club's focus on local engagement ensures a strong sense of camaraderie and mutual support among hams, from those just earning their _Technician_ license to seasoned DXers. Members frequently participate in field operations and emergency communications drills, applying practical skills in real-world scenarios. The club also maintains resources for new operators, offering guidance on station setup, antenna theory, and operating procedures. Their commitment to public service is evident through participation in events requiring reliable communication. K8BRC provides a platform for hams to share knowledge, collaborate on projects, and engage in on-air activities, strengthening the local amateur radio community. Many members have achieved **100** DXCC entities.

The Davis County Amateur Radio Club (DCARC) serves as a focal point for licensed amateur radio operators in Davis County, Utah, fostering community and promoting radio communication interests. Members engage in various aspects of the hobby, including local nets, public service events, and technical discussions. The club's activities often involve supporting emergency communications preparedness and providing opportunities for skill development among its members. DCARC maintains a presence in the local ham radio scene, facilitating contacts and knowledge exchange. They frequently participate in events like _Field Day_ and offer resources for those interested in obtaining or upgrading their amateur radio licenses. The club also supports local repeaters, ensuring reliable VHF/UHF communication infrastructure for the region. Their website, dcarc.net, provides information on club meetings, upcoming events, and contact details for prospective members.

Regional radio club of Odessa Ukraine

Keller peak repeater association, operate an open amateur radio repeater in the San Bernardino, California, mountains.

This blog article introduces an updated repeater controller project utilizing the Arduino UNO. It includes a CW identifier, and the ID message can be customized using hex codes. The author offers a Windows command line program for easier message coding and provides a link for download. The controller features three adjustable timers for IDer, Timer-out, and Squelch-tail. The article also mentions the use of an audio switch to control audio levels between the receiver and transmitter. Detailed instructions and code files are available on the author's website for both version 1 and version 2 of the Arduino repeater controller. The project aims to enhance repeater functionality and audio management in ham radio operations.

This tutorial provides detailed instructions for constructing a DIY magnetic loop antenna, ideal for amateur radio operators seeking efficient short wave communication. The design features a remote tuning system utilizing an Arduino and RC servo, making it suitable for indoor use where larger antennas cannot be installed. Magnetic loop antennas are compact and can operate effectively in confined spaces, but they do require careful handling due to the high voltages and currents they generate during operation. Users should possess the necessary technical skills to implement this project safely. The tutorial includes a comprehensive overview of the antenna's theory, specifications, and mechanical design. It outlines the components needed, including a Soviet-made variable capacitor and a digital RC servo for tuning. Safety precautions are emphasized, as the antenna can produce several kilovolts of voltage and high currents. The project is not certified for safety, and users are advised to proceed at their own risk. The tutorial also provides diagrams and explanations of the antenna's operation, making it a valuable resource for both beginners and experienced operators looking to enhance their setup.

The collinear J-Pole, often known as the Super-J, does improve the behavior over a regular J-Pole. there is an advantage when vertically combining 1/2 radiating sections to have a bit of separation between the half-wave end points. Get 0.8 dB more gain out of the trusty Super-J by replacing the traditional phasing stub with a long coil.

LZ1AQ describes a versatile QRP antenna tuner that switches between Pi and Tee configurations with a single toggle. Using two variable capacitors and a seven-switch stepped inductor providing 128 increments (0.16 to 18.7 uH), this compact design handles 3.5 to 28 MHz with excellent matching range. The Pi mode works best for certain impedances while Tee mode proves more universal, matching loads the Pi cannot. Built in a plastic enclosure using salvaged radio capacitors, the tuner operates reliably up to 100 watts with proper antennas, though it's optimized for QRP service with random wires.

The Covey Hill Amateur Radio Club operates a 146.685 MHz analog repeater with an 88.5 Hz PL tone, alongside several digital repeaters. The resource details specific frequencies and modes for D-STAR (145.590 MHz, 1266.300 MHz voice, 1297.675 MHz data on 23 cm), DMR-Marc (448.525 MHz), DMR-Brandmeister (441.750 MHz), Yaesu Fusion (449.725 MHz), and P-25 Digital (147.315 MHz). It also lists Echolink node 595040 (VE2REX-R) as an access point for the club's network. A recent update, dated June 19, 2024, announces the VE2REX analog repeater and Echolink are fully functional again, after resolving issues including a conflicting 100.0 Hz tone, software repairs for Allstar and Echolink, a suspected defective USB port on the Mini PC, and a faulty exciter in the Motorola Quantar repeater. Guy, VE2VMT, was instrumental in troubleshooting these problems. The club, established in 1994, provides a calendar, news, links, and membership information, with Linda Cullen, VE2NJK, serving as president and VA2DBJ as webmaster.

Details Amphenol Connex's product range, focusing on RF connectors, adapters, and cable assemblies. The company produces common radio frequency interfaces such as _BNC_, _SMA_, and _TNC_ connectors, alongside numerous other specialized designs. These components are critical for establishing reliable signal paths in amateur radio stations, ensuring proper impedance matching and minimal signal loss across various frequency bands. The manufacturing process emphasizes precision engineering to meet the demanding specifications of RF applications, from HF to microwave frequencies. Product lines support diverse coaxial cable types, facilitating custom cable assembly for specific station configurations. The extensive catalog provides solutions for both fixed station installations and portable operations, addressing the needs of contesters, DXers, and general amateur radio operators.

DxDozer is a Windows-based amateur radio logbook designed for both new and experienced DXers, featuring a robust logging system with extensive search capabilities. It offers seamless integration with FT8, displaying received stations from WSJT-X in a DX Cluster-like view, indicating LoTW status and prior contacts, and initiating QSOs directly. The software supports an unlimited number of callsign logbooks and allows multiple operators to log simultaneously to a single database, enhancing its utility for multi-operator stations or contest operations. The application includes a sophisticated DX Cluster with highly configurable filters based on band, mode, continent, worked/confirmed status, and LoTW participation, enabling users to monitor specific calls or countries. DxDozer simplifies QSL management by facilitating one-button uploads to LoTW and ClubLog, and downloads of new confirmed QSOs, with a dedicated field for QSL medium. The software provides both 'Easy' and 'Expert' modes to cater to different user proficiency levels, and is available via a yearly subscription after an initial free trial period.

The Anglo Scottish Repeater Group is a voluntary organisation which owns, operates and maintains four amateur radio FM repeaters in North Cumbria.

The Narrabeen JOTA and JOTI camp facilitates global communication for Sydney North Region Scouts and Northern Sydney Girl Guides, utilizing amateur radio and internet technologies. Participants engage in two-way radio contacts, often on **HF** bands, to connect with other scouting and guiding groups worldwide, fostering international goodwill and technical skill development. The event integrates both traditional **ham radio** operations and modern internet-based communication methods, providing a diverse experience for youth members. The resource outlines the specific activities undertaken at the Narrabeen site, including station setup, operating procedures, and the use of digital modes for JOTI. It highlights the educational aspects of the event, such as learning about radio propagation, antenna theory, and basic electronics, all within a structured camp environment. The page also provides logistical information relevant to the Australian context of the event.

The Sinbad Desert Amateur Radio Club is a general-purpose club that mainly serves the Carbon and Emery Counties but has members from all over Utah and surrounding states. The Club was formed by local Hams in Eastern Utah in 1982 by individuals with a common interest

Around 17% of the U.S. population experiences some degree of Dyslexia, a condition affecting language processing that can hinder amateur radio license candidates, often leading to repeated exam failures despite diligent study. This resource outlines methods for Volunteer Examiners (VEs) and Elmers to identify and assist candidates with cognitive disorders like Dyslexia and **ADHD**, which affects approximately 4% of U.S. adults. It emphasizes recognizing patterns in missed answers, such as spatial placement errors on answer sheets, and suggests reading questions aloud as an accommodation. The author, NC4FB, shares a structured approach developed over three years, involving extensive candidate interviews and a self-study program. This program utilizes specialized software with keyword highlighting and a unique font to improve comprehension for Dyslexic/ADHD candidates. It also incorporates **MP3 audio files** for subelement questions and correct answers, providing an alternative study method for those who benefit from auditory learning. Key elements of the support strategy include repetition, positive reinforcement, and timely progress updates, often visualized with a color-coded table tracking scores of 85 or higher. The goal is for candidates to pass three consecutive sample exams with at least 85% before attempting the actual license exam, demonstrating mastery of the material.

The Ontario QSO Party (OQP), an annual event, takes place on the third full weekend of April, specifically from 1800Z April 18 to 0300Z April 19, 2026, and 1200Z to 2000Z April 19, 2026. This **QSO party** encourages stations outside Ontario to contact as many Ontario amateur radio stations as possible, while Ontario stations work both in-province and worldwide. Key rule changes for 2026 include phone QSOs now counting equally with **CW** QSOs (2 points), the introduction of VE3RHQ as a bonus station, a 250m county line proximity definition, and a new Fixed County Line Category, alongside an adjustment of contest times. Established in 1998 by Bob Chandler VE3SRE, the OQP has been managed by Contest Club Ontario (CCO) since 2006. The event contributes to the State QSO Party Challenge, offering various award categories and maintaining records of past performance. Participants can submit activation plans, review Ontario multipliers, and access county maps. Final results and certificate winners are published, and a dedicated groups.io discussion group facilitates community interaction and support for logging software.

The 2D0YLX Amateur Radio Blog, maintained by David Cain (137AT108), serves as a personal station blog from Peel in the Isle of Man, offering insights into various radio-related activities and local connections. It features content relevant to amateur radio operations, including personal experiences and observations from the island, providing a localized perspective on the hobby. The blog's primary focus is on general amateur radio topics, reflecting the author's engagement with the hobby. David Cain's blog provides a platform for sharing operational details and general interest items, often including links to other relevant sites on and around the Isle of Man. The content reflects real-world amateur radio engagement, offering practical glimpses into the daily activities of a station located in a unique geographical area. It is a resource for those interested in the personal side of amateur radio from a specific European island QTH.

A table that summarize all known amateur radio emission modes, with reference to software and platform available for digital modes

The Delta Amateur Radio Club (DARC) serves as a community organization for amateur radio operators in the Memphis, Tennessee area, providing resources and activities centered around two-way radio communication. The club maintains the W4BS repeater system, which operates on 147.060 MHz with a +600 kHz offset and a 100 Hz PL tone, facilitating local VHF communications. DARC actively supports the Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES), preparing members for public service and disaster response through training and coordinated drills. The club also hosts regular meetings and events, fostering camaraderie and technical skill development among its members. Membership in the Delta Amateur Radio Club offers opportunities for participation in various amateur radio activities, including field day operations and local nets. The W4BS repeater provides reliable coverage across the Memphis metropolitan area, serving as a critical asset for both daily ragchewing and emergency traffic handling. DARC's affiliation with the Amateur Radio Relay League (ARRL) ensures access to national resources and advocacy, reinforcing the club's commitment to promoting amateur radio and public service within the community. The club's focus on emergency communications strengthens local preparedness.

Learn how to easily build a 10-meter vertical antenna, perfect for DX contacts on the amateur radio bands. This flowerpot or T2LT design is portable, efficient, and ideal for ham radio operators looking to improve their DX performance. With just a few basic tools and materials, you can construct this antenna for portable operations or as a home station setup. Discover how to set up the antenna, improve its performance by raising it higher, and start making contacts with stations around the world. Watch a step-by-step guide on YouTube for building and testing this DIY ham radio antenna.

Sporadic E is a form of propagation that can arise with little warning, and enable radio frequencies of 150 MHz and more to travel over distances of a thousand kilometres and more.

General informantion and introduction to D-Star explaining what is for D-Start and the practical usage of D-Star in amateur radio communications

A Radio Society of Great Britain affiliated club

Documents the XR0ZR DXpedition to Juan Fernandez Island (SA-005) in November 2013, providing insights into activating a highly sought-after DXCC entity. The team's efforts focused on maximizing QSO opportunities across various bands and modes, a critical aspect for stations aiming to complete their DXCC or IOTA awards. Operating from a remote location like Juan Fernandez presents unique logistical and technical challenges, which the expedition successfully navigated to put this entity on the air for thousands of eager DXers worldwide. The resource outlines the operational period, the callsign XR0ZR, and the specific island group activated. Such DXpeditions are vital for the global amateur radio community, enabling hams in less accessible regions to achieve their award goals and fostering international communication. The detailed account serves as a historical record of a significant activation.

The VKFAQ page on Visitors' licences in VK outlines the process for foreign amateur radio operators to obtain reciprocal operating privileges in Australia. It details the varying requirements based on the visitor's home country, ranging from direct use of a home callsign with a VK suffix (e.g., G3PHO/VK1) to needing a full Australian amateur radio license. The resource emphasizes consulting the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) website for the most current conditions and application procedures, noting that agreements are subject to change. Specific conditions are mentioned for countries with recognized license qualifications, allowing for corresponding Australian licenses. For other countries, a restricted license might be issued, typically permitting 146-148 MHz FM operation with a maximum of 10 watts output. Japanese operators with specific 'telephone or telegraph' licenses may receive privileges for bands above 30 MHz, phone only, also with a 10-watt power limit. Visitor licenses are not automatically renewable but can be extended upon request, provided all conditions are met.

As a ham radio club we get involved with contest, emergency response and services (CERT, RACE, ARES & etc), volunteering to organizations that needs our help (Community, Boys Scouts, Senior Citizens, & etc.), promoting and educating individuals of amateur radio operations (ARRL, FCC, Obtaining Licenses, Local Government, & etc), meeting new and interesting people around the world and beyond through many sources (VHF, UHF, HF, Computers, CW, D-Star, RTTY, & etc.), amateur radio is a great social skill, there is no age limit on who can get involved, and much more.

The Mission of CCARES is to train and organize amateur radio operators in emergency communications.

The Digital Communications Interconnect (DCI) resource details the operational philosophy and technical implementation of an open _MotoTRBO_ IPSC network, emphasizing the use of _c-Bridge_ technology for interconnecting DMR repeaters and talkgroups. It outlines the group's mission to facilitate dynamic connections within the regional DMR amateur radio community by openly sharing network resources and talkgroups, promoting independent network growth and exploring the capabilities of c-Bridge linking. The site provides insights into the technical advantages of c-Bridges, such as breaking the finite peer slot limitation of simple IPSC networks and enabling more flexible talkgroup routing beyond two timeslots. This legacy asset, last updated in October 2022, also reflects on the group's history and challenges encountered in national DMR efforts, citing political divisiveness among major c-Bridge groups. It discusses the practical application of c-Bridges for emergency communications and nets, ensuring redundant talkgroup servers for smooth day-to-day operations and priority events. The resource encourages other c-Bridge operators to adopt international talkgroups like "_iCall Talkgroup_" and a nationwide "Emergency Talkgroup," while also offering guidance on affiliating repeaters or IPSC networks with DCI's open network.

Illustrates the fundamental principles of radio repeaters, detailing their role in extending communication range beyond line-of-sight limitations. It begins by defining _simplex communication_ as a direct radio-to-radio link, effective only when no obstructions impede the signal path. The resource then introduces the concept of a repeater (or base station) strategically positioned on elevated terrain, such as a mountain, to overcome geographical barriers. The article clarifies the repeater's operational mechanism: it receives a signal on one frequency and simultaneously re-transmits it on a different frequency, enabling users on opposite sides of an obstruction to communicate. This _duplex operation_ is likened to satellite communication for VHF propagation, but with a fixed terrestrial station. Specific examples of signal paths are provided, showing how a handheld radio transmits up to the repeater, which then relays the message down to another user, effectively bypassing obstacles like hills or large buildings.

Amateur radio operators in northwestern Wisconsin often seek local community and technical support, which the Barron County Amateur Radio Association (BCARA) provides. This organization facilitates regular meetings, nets, and events, connecting hams across the region for shared learning and operational experiences. Members engage in various aspects of the hobby, from contesting and DXing to emergency communications and technical projects, reinforcing local Elmering traditions. The BCARA maintains a presence on social media, including a Facebook group with over **100** members, enabling real-time communication and event coordination. The club also supports local public service events, demonstrating the practical utility of amateur radio. Their activities encompass both VHF/UHF operations and _HF bands_, ensuring a broad appeal to operators with diverse interests and equipment setups.

The PAC-12 Antenna, a multi-band portable vertical, is meticulously detailed in this construction article by James Bennett, _KA5DVS_. The design emphasizes ease of homebrewing using readily available components from local hardware stores, including replaceable loading coils. It outlines the preparation of the 72-inch telescoping whip (originally from Radio Shack, with an alternate source now provided by _Pacific Antenna_), the construction of the loading coils from PVC risers, and the fabrication of the aluminum rod base sections. Specific instructions cover threading aluminum rod with a _1/4-20 threading die_ and assembling the feedpoint insulator with a BNC connector, along with recommendations for radial deployment. KA5DVS, an avid traveler and QRP enthusiast, developed the PAC-12 to address the bulkiness of random wire setups and the limitations of commercial portable antennas like the Outbacker or SuperAntennas MP1. His goal was a lightweight, packable antenna that disassembles into 12-inch sections, achieving an assembled length of approximately 8 feet. The design strategically places the loading coil away from the base for improved efficiency. The PAC-12 notably placed first in efficiency compared to a quarter-wavelength wire vertical at the HFPack antenna shootout during the Pacificon conference in October 2001, demonstrating its practical performance for field operations. Appendix C showcases various _NJQRP Club_ members' PAC-12 constructions, including a 20m beam made with multiple PAC-12 elements.

Send and receive wireless messages adding a small 433MHz radio to your Raspberry Pi, without the need of a WiFi connection and operate remote-control main sockets

The Club aims to meet the needs of all interested in amateur radio, and has a varied programme of guest speakers, surplus sales, members' interests evenings, and social evenings.

Membership of our society is open to employees of British railway companies and railway enthusiasts who have an interest in any facet of amateur radio