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Build a space efficient trapped dipole antenna for 40-80-160 meter bands using RG-58 and PVC pipe. The document provides a brief guide on building a compact dipole antenna appropriate for the 40, 80, and 160-meter amateur radio bands. It explains the materials, building processes, and tuning methods required to provide best performance while preserving space. The paper also discusses theoretical elements of dipole antennas, such as impedance matching and feedline selection.

The "Mighty-Wide" six-meter dipole antenna, constructed from 300-ohm ribbon cable, features a total radiating element length of 2794 millimeters. It incorporates two shorting links placed 220 millimeters from each end and a 30 picofarad ceramic trimmer capacitor for impedance matching. The 50-ohm coaxial feedline connects 292 millimeters below the trimmer capacitor, eliminating the need for an external antenna tuning unit. This design provides a wide bandwidth from 50.00 to 52.00 MHz, making it suitable for the entire UK six-meter band allocation. Performance comparisons with a traditional coaxial dipole show superior **Standing Wave Ratio** (SWR) across the 50-52 MHz range, maintaining a low SWR without significant variation after initial adjustment at 51.00 MHz. The antenna's lightweight construction makes it ideal for **loft-mounted** or portable applications, and its folded dipole characteristics contribute to its wideband operation. The design is being considered for rescaling to WARC bands (12 and 17 meters) and 10 meters.

This PDF article from April 2001 QST details the construction of the "NJQRP Squirt," a reduced-size 80-meter inverted-V dipole antenna. The resource provides a general construction sketch, a photograph of the assembled antenna, and specific dimensions for PC-board insulators. The antenna consists of two wire legs, each approximately **34 feet long**, separated by 90 degrees, fed at the center. It is designed for operation on 80 meters (3.5-4.0 MHz) as a quarter-wavelength antenna, requiring a low-loss feedline and an external antenna tuner due to its non-resonant feedpoint impedance. Construction utilizes readily available materials, including 1/16-inch glass-epoxy PC board for end and center insulators, and #20 or #22 insulated hookup wire for the elements. The feedline specified is 300-ohm TV flat ribbon line, with a note on potential trimming for tuner compatibility. N2CX reports the antenna's center should be elevated to at least **20 feet**, with ends no lower than seven feet above ground, resulting in a ground footprint of approximately 50 feet wide. The design prioritizes NVIS propagation for local 80-meter contacts. DXZone Focus: PDF Article | 80m Inverted-V Dipole | Construction Notes | 34 ft element length

The boomless quad antenna is a unique design that offers versatility for amateur radio operators. This antenna consists of two half-wave dipoles arranged in a square or circular shape, allowing for both vertical and horizontal polarization depending on the feed point. The design facilitates easy installation and rotation, making it suitable for various operating conditions. The construction utilizes strong materials, such as bamboo, and incorporates waterproofing techniques to enhance durability. This project outlines the necessary dimensions and materials, including copper wire and insulators, to successfully build the antenna. It emphasizes the importance of tuning each radiator element for optimal performance. The boomless quad is particularly effective across multiple HF bands, including 14 MHz, 21 MHz, and 28 MHz. By following the detailed instructions, operators can achieve a reliable and efficient antenna setup that enhances their DXing and contesting capabilities.

Determining the actual need for an antenna tuner often hinges on the specific antenna and feed line configuration in use. While many hams believe a tuner is always essential, its primary role is to present a 50-ohm impedance to the transceiver, not to "tune" the antenna itself. For instance, a resonant dipole fed with _coaxial cable_ at its design frequency typically requires no tuner, as the feed line impedance closely matches the radio's output. However, operating a non-resonant antenna, or using a resonant antenna on multiple bands, frequently necessitates a tuner to manage high Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) on the feed line. The article clarifies that a tuner placed at the transceiver only matches the radio to the feed line, not the antenna to the feed line. For maximum efficiency with a non-resonant antenna, an _automatic antenna tuner_ (ATU) or a remote tuner placed at the antenna feed point is often more effective, minimizing losses in the feed line. The discussion also touches on the practical implications of SWR, noting that modern transceivers often fold back power at high SWR, making a tuner a practical necessity to achieve full output power, even if the antenna itself is not perfectly matched.

How High should my Dipole be? Dipole Antennas and the effect of height above ground. The effectiveness of a dipole antenna is influenced by its height above ground, determined by the intended use such as DX work, local communication, directionality, omni-directionality, and feed point impedance. Through EZNEC modeling, the study evaluates a 40-meter dipole's performance at various heights, from 7 to 560 feet. Findings reveal that lower heights enhance omni-directional local communication, while higher placements favor DX work with low-angle radiation. The study emphasizes the importance of defining operational goals to optimize dipole height and performance.

Presents a practical design for a **crossed-dipole turnstile antenna** specifically engineered for 2-meter Amateur Radio Direction Finding (ARDF) events. The author, WB6RDV, details a robust, omnidirectional, horizontally-polarized antenna, addressing the international ARDF rules requiring such characteristics at a height of two to three meters above ground. This contrasts with the vertical polarization often used in Southern California, highlighting the design's adherence to specific event requirements. The electrical design employs a classic crossed-dipole with a 75-ohm phasing section, resulting in a slight impedance mismatch and an SWR of approximately 1.3:1 with a 50-ohm feedline. Construction utilizes readily available and inexpensive PVC plumbing components and 1/8-inch bronze welding rod for elements. The guide provides step-by-step instructions for mechanical assembly, including drilling element holes at precise 90-degree spacing and preparing the RG-179 matching section. WB6RDV shares insights from his own build experience, discussing the use of plated brass versus aluminum spacers for element attachment and the effectiveness of crimping as an alternative to soldering. The document also covers final assembly, including the integration of ferrite beads as a choke balun and options for weatherproofing and alternative mounting configurations, emphasizing the adaptability of the design for other VHF bands through scaling.

A switchable antenna for 80/160 meters by IK1ZOY. A new version of a 1/4L 80 m. dipole modified for use in 160 m. band. using it's own coaxial cable feeder to wrap a coil.

The G3TPW CobWebb antenna design provides a compact, horizontally polarized, omni-directional solution for 20m, 17m, 15m, 12m, and 10m bands. This antenna utilizes five full-size half-wave dipoles, each bent into a square configuration to achieve omni-directional radiation without the nulls typically found in straight dipoles. The design incorporates a single 50-ohm coaxial feedline with an integrated air-core choke balun, minimizing feeder radiation and reducing EMC issues. Construction details include using PVC-covered multi-stranded copper twin cable for elements, supported by a fiberglass cross. The document specifies tapping points for impedance matching to 50 ohms on all five bands, ensuring high radiation efficiency without lossy traps or loading coils. Physical dimensions are compact, with 2.6-meter (8.5 feet) sides and a total weight of 6 kg (14 lbs), making it suitable for mounting on a 20-foot aluminum scaffold pole. Detailed instructions for assembling the junction box, including terminal strip wiring and the coaxial choke balun, are provided with photographs and diagrams. The design emphasizes a confined electric field to reduce coupling to nearby conductors, which helps mitigate TVI and makes the antenna less sensitive to mounting height or ground conductivity.

For amateur radio operators utilizing _APRS_ or requiring an external antenna for their GPS receiver, this resource details the construction of a compact, circularly polarized mobile antenna. The design is based on a classic turnstile configuration, employing two dipoles rotated 90° from each other and spaced a quarter-wavelength above a ground plane. A parallel-plate transmission line, fabricated from printed circuit board material, serves as both the connection method and mounting post for the dipoles, simplifying the feed network for circular polarization at 1.57542 GHz. The article outlines the fabrication process, starting with a 4-inch diameter hobby tin or brass base plate and #14 solid copper wire elements. It specifies using _RG-58/U_ or similar 50-ohm coax, with an 8-foot maximum length to minimize loss at the GPS frequency. The parallel-plate transmission line is constructed from two 2-inch lengths of single-sided _FR-4_ or G10 PCB material, 0.062-inch thick, with a specific 45° microwave turn cut on the active side. Final assembly involves an 8-ounce cream cheese container as a radome, and the article discusses the self-phased quadrature feed method to achieve circular polarization without a coaxial phasing line, resulting in an omnidirectional pattern suitable for GPS satellite reception.

This drawing shows a simple 10 meter wire J-pole antenna designed for 28.4 MHz. It is a vertical, end-fed Zepp-style antenna made from common materials and intended for easy home construction. The main radiating element is a straight length of stranded copper wire, either 14 or 18 gauge, cut to about 16.5 feet. At the top, the wire is supported by an insulator, allowing the antenna to be hoisted vertically. The matching section is made from 450-ohm ladder line, approximately 7 feet 9.5 inches long, and shorted at the bottom. This matching stub transforms the impedance so the antenna can be fed with coaxial cable. The feed point is tapped about 6 inches above the bottom of the stub, with the shield and center conductor connected at the proper points. A choke balun is formed with five turns of RG-58 coax in a 4-inch diameter loop to help reduce unwanted RF on the feed line. The drawing notes that this antenna has about 0 dBd gain, similar to a dipole, but offers an omnidirectional pattern and low-angle radiation when installed high. Its main advantage is practical performance, simple construction, and effective coverage for 10 meter operation.

Demonstrates the construction and on-air performance of the _NB6Zep_ antenna, a modified 20-meter Extended Double Zepp design optimized for multi-band operation from 40 through 10 meters. The resource covers basic design principles, including dimensions of 66 feet horizontal and 5 feet vertical elements, and specifies open ladder line or TV twin lead for the transmission line. It details material selection for low-cost wire antenna construction, such as 18 AWG wire for the legs and ceramic or plastic insulators, along with practical tips for soldering connections and insulating against moisture. The author, NB6Z, shares insights from extensive _EZNEC_ modeling to optimize the antenna's total length for a 40-meter half-wave dipole footprint and feed line length for direct tuner connection. The article presents field results, including successful _PSK31_ contacts from Oregon to the East Coast on 40 and 30 meters with 50 watts, even at a low height of 6 feet. It provides detailed performance characteristics for each band, noting the _NB6Zep_'s highest gain (over 3 dB) and sharp, medium-angle lobes on 20 meters, which yielded strong DX reports to locations like Korea, Japan, and Argentina. For 17 and 15 meters, it describes a butterfly-like pattern with broad lobes, while 12 and 10 meters exhibit narrow, directional lobes in an "X" configuration. The author also shares personal experiences operating successfully for over a decade in an antenna-restricted environment using the NB6Zep and other stealth wire antennas.

The Double Bazooka Dipole is a very efficient single band antenna which is very quite, and does not require the use of a balun. This antenna consists of coax (RG58) or other 50 ohm type with the shield split at the center and the feedline attached to the open ends

Demonstrates the construction and performance of an updated ZS6BKW multiband dipole, a variant of the _G5RV_ antenna, specifically designed for HF operation. The article details a real-world installation using 13.5m copper wire elements and 12.2m of 450 Ohm ladder line, configured as a sloping inverted-V with the apex at 10m and ends at 4m above ground. It covers the critical aspect of impedance matching, incorporating an 8-turn choke balun at the feedline transition to RG-58U coax to mitigate RF common mode current. Measurements confirm favorable SWR readings below **1.3:1** on 7.1 MHz, 14.11 MHz, 18.06 MHz, and 24.8 MHz, indicating effective resonance across 40m, 20m, 17m, and 12m bands. The installation also shows usable SWR dips on 3.55 MHz (5:1), 29.02 MHz (2:1), and 50.84 MHz (3:1), extending its utility to 80m, 10m, and 6m with an antenna tuning unit. Initial on-air results report clear reception of stations over **5000km** away, validating its DX potential.

Selecting an appropriate antenna system for shortwave broadcasting involves evaluating various types based on performance, cost, and operational parameters. This resource details the critical specifications for broadcast antennas, including average and peak power ratings, directivity, takeoff angle (TOA), horizontal beamwidth, and gain, emphasizing that a 100-kW transmitter requires an antenna rated for 150 kW average and 400 kW peak. It clarifies that low TOA signals travel thousands of kilometers, while high TOA is for local coverage, and nearly all modern shortwave broadcast antennas are horizontally polarized. The article explores specific antenna types, such as Log-Periodic Antennas (LPAs), which offer wide frequency ranges (e.g., 2-30 MHz) and directional patterns with 11 dBi gain, costing from $20K to over $100K for multi-curtain versions. Dipole arrays, also known as curtain antennas, are prevalent in international broadcasting, featuring steerable beams (±15° and ±30°) and mode-switching capabilities to alter TOA, with high/low pairs costing over $1 million. Fan dipoles are noted for omnidirectional patterns, smaller size, and lower cost for low-power applications, while rhombics, though simple, require resistive termination and incur several dB of I2R losses. Balun considerations are crucial, as most communications baluns are not rated for the higher average and peak powers of AM broadcast transmitters. Modern shortwave antennas utilize durable materials like Alumoweld wire rope for radiators and support elements, avoiding copper, fiberglass, or materials prone to stretching or deterioration. Feeder systems for high-power stations often require tapered-line baluns to convert 50-ohm unbalanced power to 300-ohm balanced for connection to the antenna.

This resource details the construction and feeding of a vertical Moxon antenna specifically designed for the 20-meter band (14 MHz). It addresses the common issue of impedance variations at the feed point of vertical dipoles and Moxons, which typically requires the coax to exit at a specific angle (45-90 degrees) to maintain a good 50-ohm match. The presented solution involves opening the lower corner of the fed element and utilizing a transformer for impedance matching, simplifying installation and improving SWR. The alternative feeding method provides a stable match, eliminating the need for precise coax routing to achieve a low SWR. This design offers a practical improvement over conventional vertical Moxon feeding, making deployment significantly easier. The author, SM0DTK, confirms the efficacy of this setup, noting its fine performance and reduced installation complexity compared to traditional methods.

The ZS6BKW multiband HF antenna, a design by ZS6BKW (G0GSF), functions effectively on multiple HF bands without requiring an Antenna Tuning Unit (ATU) for 40, 20, 17, 12, 10, and 6 meters. This antenna, approximately **27.51 meters** (90 feet) long with a 12.2-meter (40-foot) open-wire feeder, is a direct descendant of the _G5RV_ but offers superior multi-band resonance. It can be deployed as a horizontal dipole or an inverted-vee, with the latter requiring only a single support and maintaining an apex angle of at least 90 degrees to prevent signal cancellation. Performance data, recorded with an MFJ Antenna Analyser, indicates SWR values of 1:1 on 7.00 MHz (40m) and 14.06 MHz (20m), with SWR below 1.3:1 on 17m, 10m, and 6m. While primarily designed for these bands, the antenna can be adapted for 80m, 30m, and 15m with an ATU, preferably at the balanced feeder's base. The use of 450-ohm twin-lead for the feeder is recommended over 300-ohm for improved strength and reduced losses, especially in adverse weather conditions. This design, originally published in _RadCom_ in 1993 and featured in Pat Hawker’s "Antenna Topics," provides a compact and efficient solution for HF operation, particularly for those with limited space or resources.

The K5OE 2-meter vertical mobile antenna design, detailed in this resource, employs a 3/8-wavelength vertical section complemented by four shortened radials, forming an off-center-fed vertical dipole. This configuration creates a self-contained lower half, enhancing efficiency compared to traditional 1/4-wave monopoles relying on vehicle bodies for a ground plane. The article specifies construction using PVC components, 10-gauge insulated wire for elements, and provides precise dimensions in both inches and centimeters for the 25-3/16" (64 cm) vertical and 7-3/16" (20 cm) radials. Performance data indicates an honest 3 dBi of gain at 6 feet elevation (2 dBi free-space), with a pattern favoring the horizon, suitable for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communications. At 20 feet high, the same antenna exhibits almost 6 dBi of gain, with a nominal 50 Ohm feedpoint impedance at 146.850 MHz. Tuning instructions involve trimming element lengths, with the author achieving a 1.2:1 SWR by pruning the mast to 24-3/4" and radials to 7". The resource highlights the antenna's effectiveness for mobile LEO satellite uplinks, particularly at low elevations, and its suitability for fixed, mobile, or portable operations. The flexible wire elements allow for easy folding, making it a practical choice for backpacking. The original design by K5OE was previously hosted on aol.com.

The ARRL ANTENNA Vol 5 COMPENDIUM features an article detailing two portable 6-meter antennas: a 2-element quad and a 3-element Yagi with telescoping elements. The 2-element quad exhibits a measured gain of **4.2 dB** over a dipole, while the 3-element Yagi achieves **5.8 dB** over a dipole. Both designs prioritize ease of construction and rapid assembly/disassembly for portable operations. Specific dimensions are provided for a 3-element 6-meter quad using #14 bare copper wire. The reflector element diameter is 6.2958 meters, the driven element 6.125 meters, and the director 5.8547 meters. Element spacing is 0.9398 meters between reflector and driven, and 1.1684 meters between driven and director. The SWR is under _1.26:1_ from 50 to 50.4 MHz, with a feed point impedance of 48.75 -j0.13 Ohms at 50.2 MHz, suitable for direct 50 Ohm coax feeding with a current _balun_.

Presents G0GSF Brian's ZS6BKW antenna, a refined iteration of the classic G5RV, offering improved performance across multiple HF bands. The design emphasizes specific radiator and ladder line lengths to achieve lower SWR on 40m, 20m, 17m, 12m, and 10m, making it a practical choice for operators seeking a single wire antenna solution. The document includes critical dimensions for the flat-top and the 450-ohm ladder line section, which are key to its multiband resonance characteristics. Unlike the original G5RV, the ZS6BKW aims for direct 50-ohm feedpoint impedance on several bands, reducing the need for an external antenna tuner. My field experience with similar optimized dipoles confirms that precise construction, particularly the ladder line length, is paramount for realizing the intended SWR benefits. This design offers a compelling alternative for hams with limited space or those preferring a less complex antenna system.

A 2-meter Turnstile antenna, detailed for amateur satellite communication, offers a straightforward build for those looking to engage with orbiting transponders. The author, WB8ERJ, shares his personal design and construction methods, emphasizing the antenna's simplicity and effectiveness for LEO (Low Earth Orbit) satellite work. This design provides a circularly polarized signal, crucial for mitigating _Faraday rotation_ and signal fading often encountered with linearly polarized antennas when tracking satellites. Construction involves readily available materials like PVC pipe and copper wire, making it an accessible project for many hams. The article includes practical advice on element spacing and feed point considerations, drawing from the author's hands-on experience in the shack and field. It highlights the antenna's utility for receiving signals from various amateur satellites, including the popular AO-91 and AO-92. The Turnstile's inherent omnidirectional pattern in the horizontal plane, combined with its circular polarization, yields consistent signal reception, often resulting in **stronger decodes** and **more reliable contacts** compared to basic dipoles or verticals.

The BV6 50 MHz Yagis resource details the construction of two distinct Yagi antenna designs for the 6-meter band, specifically a 1-wavelength (1wl) model and a 2.1-wavelength (2.1wl) model. The 1wl Yagi, with a boom length of 5.850m, achieves a gain of **9.4 dBd**, while the 2.1wl Yagi, spanning 12.90m, boasts a gain of **11.9 dBd**. These designs adhere to a proven methodology for optimizing current slope and maintaining constant phase delay across parasitic elements, ensuring high gain per boom length and an _excellent pattern_. Both designs target a 50-ohm input impedance, facilitating straightforward feeding with a robust folded dipole. Final verification using NEC-II software confirmed the antennas' exceptional stacking capabilities, yielding stacking gains exceeding **5.8 dB** for a 2x2 array with minimal mutual detuning. The resource provides common mechanical data, including boom and element diameters, and specifies element lengths corrected for boom diameter. While the original _DUBUS Technik V_ publication contained incorrect element lengths, this resource provides the accurate dimensions for proper construction, emphasizing the use of readily available materials for cost-effective amateur radio deployment.

A new method of feeding a dipole with toroids.

A Center-Fed Half-Wave Dipole is probably the simplest of antennas to construct and use. It is usually suspended between two supports, from it's end insulators, and has the feedline hanging from the center.

End-Fed Half-Wave Antennas (EFHWAs) are analyzed for their utility in portable QRP operations, emphasizing their simplicity, efficiency, and predictable radiation patterns compared to other portable antenna types. The discussion contrasts EFHWAs with vertical antennas, random length wires, and center-fed dipoles, highlighting the common pitfalls of each, such as ground system dependency for verticals and feedline issues for dipoles. The article details the electrical half-wavelength calculation using the formula L (Ft) = 468/F(MHz) and explains how EFHWAs can be resonant on harmonic frequencies, enabling multiband operation. Various deployment configurations are presented, including the inverted L, inverted Vee, sloping wire, and vertical setups, each with specific advantages for radiation angle and polarization. For instance, a vertical EFHWA offers a low angle of radiation suitable for DX contacts without requiring an extensive ground system. The resource also addresses the counterpoise requirements, suggesting a quarter-wavelength wire or connection to a metallic structure for decoupling. A schematic diagram for a simple parallel-tuned circuit tuner, based on the _Rainbow Bridge/Tuner_ design, is provided, detailing component values for 30 and 40 meters, including a 6 microhenry toroidal inductor and a 20-100 picofarad mica compression capacitor. The tuner's adjustment process for SWR matching is also outlined.

This PDF document, authored by KT4QW in October 2004, details the construction and modeling of a dual-band, horizontally polarized hanging rectangular loop antenna for **10 and 17 meters**. The design, adapted from *The ARRL Handbook*, utilizes _NEC4WIN95_ software for scaling and optimization, targeting a 50 ohm feedpoint impedance. The resource includes a bill of materials, step-by-step construction instructions, and a discussion of the antenna's radiation characteristics. It presents NEC-generated elevation and azimuth patterns, comparing the loop's performance to a half-wave horizontal dipole at the same height and frequency. The 17-meter element is centered at 18.140 MHz for low SWR across the phone band, while the 10-meter element is centered at 28.500 MHz. Construction involves 14-gauge stranded copper wire and Schedule 40 PVC spreaders, with the total wire length calculated by the formula: Length in feet = 1005/MHz. The feedpoint impedance can be adjusted by modifying the rectangular aspect ratio. The document specifies hoisting the antenna to at least a half-wave above ground for testing. It notes that a balun was tested and found to have no measurable effect on SWR or radiation characteristics. A 2-meter scale model is presented to illustrate the physical design, and a "rotator" string is incorporated for directional adjustment up to 90 degrees.

An antenna does not have to be resonant to work, as the primary reason for resonance is to eliminate the need for an impedance-matching device. A non-resonant wire dipole fed with open-wire line and an antenna tuner can function as an effective multiband antenna. Two wires are essential for powering an antenna, ideally with a balanced configuration like a dipole fed by parallel-wire line, though coaxial cable can be used with a 1:1 balun to mitigate RF feedback on the shield. Antenna gain is achieved by shaping and aiming RF energy, concentrating it in a particular direction, as seen in beam antennas or shaped radiation patterns of wire antennas. The function of an antenna tuner is to match the transceiver's 50 Ohm output to the antenna system's impedance, which can vary widely. Wire antennas do not always require center feeding; end-fed long wires or off-center-fed dipoles (Windom antennas) can be used, often requiring a counterpoise or radial system. Dipole antennas do not need to be perfectly horizontal; their legs can be bent, inclined, or even vertical, affecting feed point impedance. Vertical antennas shorter than a half wavelength necessitate a ground system, typically comprising radial wires, with more radials generally leading to greater efficiency. A 1:1 SWR indicates an impedance match but does not guarantee a good antenna, as an inefficient antenna with a poor ground system can still show a perfect SWR while wasting RF as heat. Always using the best feed line affordable is crucial for minimizing loss and maximizing RF signal delivery to and from the antenna.

The N0KHQ Coax Square antenna, designed for 17 meters and built using RG-58 coaxial cable, presents an intriguing option for hams with limited space. L. B. Cebik, _W4RNL_, meticulously models and analyzes this array, clarifying its classification not as a modified Moxon, but as a distinct member of the "dual-coupled, 2-element, parasitic array" family. The design leverages the velocity factor of RG-58 (approximately 0.66-0.67) to achieve significantly shorter element lengths compared to full-size counterparts, resulting in a perimeter of 42 feet for the N0KHQ array versus 54 feet for a standard Moxon. _NEC_ modeling reveals the coax square's performance characteristics, including a forward gain of 5.6 dBi and a 23.7 dB front-to-back ratio on 18.118 MHz. While slightly less gain than a Moxon (6.0 dBi), its pattern exhibits Yagi-like nulls at 90 degrees, distinguishing it from the Moxon's wider beamwidth. The article also delves into the unique feedpoint considerations, explaining how the split braid and center conductor of the RG-58 driver effectively form a folded dipole, allowing for impedance transformation to achieve a good match for 50-Ohm cable. Despite its shortened elements, which inherently narrow the operating bandwidth, the coax square maintains satisfactory performance across the 17-meter band. The analysis emphasizes that while SWR curves are important, a holistic view of gain and pattern degradation across the band is crucial. This antenna is a viable solution for operators needing a compact, directional array, particularly for narrow bands like 17, 30, or 12 meters, where its high-Q performance is most effective.

The 20 thru 10 meter dipole is constructed from stranded insulated wire available in most hardware stores. The feedpoint uses an 8 inch long section of 2 inch diameter PVC pipe. A section of wire joins the elements at either side of the feedpoint to avoid the inductance of square knots used on lower frequencies.

The 10-meter EH Antenna document details the construction and performance of a specific EH antenna design for the 10-meter band. It describes the integration of an L+L balanced matching network, a key component for impedance transformation, and highlights the addition of a tuned coaxial trap. This trap, consisting of 8 turns of RG58 coax wound around PVC tube and resonated at 29 MHz with a 10 pF capacitor, effectively inhibits common-mode current on the feeder, stabilizing antenna tuning. The resource presents a circuit diagram in Figure 1 and assembly details in Figure 2, illustrating the use of PVC plumbing tube as host material for dipole cylinders made from recycled aluminum tubing. It also explains the fabrication of capacitor stators and slider sections from thin aluminum tubing. The author, Lloyd Butler VK5BR, discusses initial challenges with feeder interaction and how the tuned trap resolved these issues, leading to stable tuning. Limited backyard tests indicate that the antenna, with the trap fitted close to the input connector, might exhibit similar field strength for both low and high angle transmission, suggesting a potential skewing of the signal. The document references previous articles by VK5BR in "Amateur Radio" for further operational details of the matching network and trap functionality.

How to build a multi-band dipole antenna with a single coax feed. Instructions for a 160M antenna that will fit in the space that a 75M dipole will with almost as good of results as a full size 160M dipole.

This resource details the computer-optimized design of the _ZS6BKW_ multiband dipole, an evolution of the classic _G5RV_ antenna. It begins by referencing the original 1958 RSGB Bulletin article by Louis Varney G5RV, explaining the operational principles of the G5RV's flat-top and open-wire feedline on 20m and 40m, noting its impedance transformation characteristics for valve amplifiers of that era. The article then transitions to the rationale for optimizing the design for contemporary solid-state transceivers requiring a 50 Ohm match. The core of the project involves using computer modeling to determine optimal lengths for the flat-top and matching section, aiming for a VSWR of less than 2:1 on multiple HF bands. It discusses the process of calculating feedpoint impedance based on antenna length and frequency, referencing professional literature from Professor R.W.P. King at Harvard University. The analysis also considers the characteristic impedance (Z(O)) of the open-wire line, identifying a broad peak of adequate values between 275 and 400 Ohms. Specific design parameters for the improved ZS6BKW are presented, including a shorter flat-top and a longer matching section compared to the original G5RV, with a velocity factor of 0.85 for the 300 Ohm tape. The article confirms acceptable matches on 7, 14, 18, 24, and 28 MHz bands when erected horizontally at 13m, and also discusses performance in an inverted-V configuration, noting frequency shifts. The author, Brian Austin ZS6BKW, emphasizes the antenna's suitability for modern 50 Ohm coaxial cable without a balun.

Put up the longest dipole you can fit, feed it with open wire line, connect it to the balanced output of your tuner and poof! Instant multiband antenna. Is life really that simple?

This is a popular antenna design as the performance is very good across the HF bands and requires little or no tuning. It is a dipole fed off center with a 4:1 current balun at the offset feedpoint. The antenna shown covers 80, 40, 20 and 10 meters with 15 meters and WARC bands

The ZS6BKW wire antenna, a variant of the G5RV, utilizes a specific 13m (42.6 ft) length of 450-ohm window line as its matching section, feeding a 28.5m (93.5 ft) flat-top element. This design aims for lower SWR on 40m, 20m, 17m, 12m, and 10m compared to a standard G5RV, often achieving SWR values below 1.5:1 on these bands without an antenna tuner. The feedpoint impedance transformation provided by the window line allows for direct connection to 50-ohm coax on multiple bands. F4FHH's experience involved constructing the ZS6BKW and evaluating its performance against an _OCF dipole_ (Off-Center Fed) on various HF frequencies. The article includes observations on SWR readings and operational effectiveness, highlighting the ZS6BKW's suitability for multi-band operation. The antenna's overall length, including the flat-top and window line, is approximately **41.5 meters** (136 feet), making it a significant wire antenna for fixed station use. Comparative analysis with the OCF dipole provided practical insights into the ZS6BKW's advantages and limitations, particularly concerning bandwidth and tuner requirements.

Details the construction of a **17-meter Moxon Rectangle** antenna, specifically engineered for mounting on a mast beneath an existing beam. The design incorporates insulated wire calculations (0.95804 x generator length) to compensate for velocity factor differences, utilizing readily available materials such as crappie poles for elements, PVC for the boom and mast, and a Budwig HQ-1 dipole connector for the 50 Ohm coax feed. The project outlines a step-by-step assembly process, including mast construction from PVC T-connectors and pipe, element fabrication from crappie poles, and securing elements to prevent droop. Initial testing demonstrated an SWR of 1.3:1 on 17 meters, achieving a 5-8 signal report into Texas with 100 watts. Subsequent reinforcement and elevation of the antenna resulted in a 15 over 9 report from Florida. Comparative testing against an 88-foot center-fed Zepp antenna indicated superior performance, with the Moxon consistently outperforming the Zepp and receiving signals the Zepp could not. A notable DX contact with JA8NFV in Hokkaido, Japan, yielded a 5-9+ signal report both ways using 100 watts.

The Classic Multiband Dipole Antenna QST article. The open-wire feed line dipole antenna is easy to install and offers surprising performance on several bands. You can install it in almost any configuration; it does not have to be strung in the traditional horizontal flat top

Different band dipoles can be put together with a single feed, learn how by W8HDU

The 30 Meter Vertical Dipole is constructed from #10 stranded insulated wire available in most hardware stores. The feedpoint uses a T-section of PVC pipe. The coax loops through the PVC pipe to provide strain relief. by W1TR

A GSM1800 Moxon Square antenna project is presented, detailing its construction using three 1.5mm copper wire pieces for the reflector and dipole elements. The design inherently offers a 50-ohm feedpoint impedance, allowing direct connection to 50-ohm coax without complex matching networks like baluns or gamma matches, which are prone to high attenuation at 1.8 GHz if not precisely built. The resource includes a construction plan, expected **SWR plots**, and **radiation patterns** for the GSM 1800 band, specifically covering the 1710-1785 MHz transmit (red zone) and 1805-1880 MHz receive (blue zone) segments. The SWR remains below 2:1 across the entire GSM 1800 band, with the main lobe consistently achieving 5-6 dBi gain. While the radiation pattern shows some changes across the band, these primarily affect the back of the antenna, maintaining consistent forward gain. Practical considerations for high-frequency operation are emphasized, such as minimizing coax length (e.g., under 1 meter for RG-174) and selecting appropriate connectors like N, SMA, or BNC to mitigate significant attenuation. The article also discusses direct connection to the phone's RF PCB for minimal loss and notes observed signal strength variations with antenna orientation despite crossed polarization at cell sites.

Constructing a portable, high-gain antenna for _AO-40_ satellite operations presents unique challenges, particularly regarding mechanical stability and parabolic accuracy. This resource details the build of a 1.2-meter "brolly dish" antenna, utilizing a non-conducting fiberglass umbrella frame as its foundation. The project outlines a method for achieving a parabolic shape using stressed aluminum fly screen mesh, guided by practical geometry and a temporary dowel template. Key steps include selecting an appropriate umbrella with a suitable f/D ratio (ideally >0.25), removing the original fabric, and precisely cutting and attaching eight segments of fly screen to the struts to form the reflective surface. The construction process, which took approximately five hours for the author, _G6LVB_, resulted in a dish with an f/D of 0.27 (depth=270mm, diameter=1160mm, f=310mm). The article also describes a modification to a _TransSystem AIDC_ feed, incorporating a PCB reflector behind the dipole for easier mounting. Performance tests at a squint angle of 15 deg and a range of 50,000km yielded a signal-to-noise ratio of 33dB on the S2 beacon and 23dB for SSB signals, indicating strong reception. The author notes that the modified umbrella may not close fully without risking surface disfigurement.

Connecting centre fed antennas, dipoles, yagis, rhombics, loops to coaxial cable, unless care is taken, it is not difficult to end up with feeder radiation resulting in power loss and the radiation characteristics changes

Demonstrates the design and construction of a compact, portable multi-band mini-delta loop antenna, specifically optimized for /P (portable) operations from remote locations like Scottish islands. The resource covers the theoretical underpinnings of half-wave loops, contrasting closed and open configurations, and then details the application of a folded dipole principle to achieve a 50-ohm match for direct coax feed. It presents empirical formulas for calculating element lengths, considering the velocity factor of common wire types, and provides a detailed example for a 20m (14.175 MHz) version. The article includes a comprehensive table of dimensions and allowances for a five-band (20m, 17m, 15m, 12m, 10m) mini-delta beam, along with construction hints for the central support and balun. It specifies a 1:1 trifilar balun wound on a ferrite rod and describes the antenna adjustment process using an _MFJ-259B Antenna Analyser_. Initial test results indicate an SWR of 1:1 at resonance and a bandwidth of approximately 240 kHz on 20m, even at a low height of five feet above ground. The distinctive utility lies in its focus on a practical, easily deployable beam antenna for portable DXing, offering a viable alternative to more complex or larger arrays.

This QRZ.com callbook entry by DL6GD details the construction and performance of a **40m/80m Morgain folded dipole antenna**. The resource includes a schematic diagram, construction photos, and tuning notes. The antenna, with a total length of **20.30m**, was mounted at a height varying from 4m to 6m above ground. Construction utilizes 0.75 sq mm transparent insulated copper wire, with Plexiglas spreaders (5mm thick, 70x10mm) spaced at 25mm intervals, secured with hot glue. A waterproof junction box houses the feedpoint and balun. Tuning involved adjusting wire bridges for resonance on each band. On 80m, an SWR of **1.1:1** was achieved at 3.657 MHz, with an SWR of 2.7:1 at 3.580 MHz and 2.5:1 at 3.755 MHz, yielding a bandwidth of 175 KHz. For 40m, an SWR of **1.1:1** was measured at 7.100 MHz, with 1.5:1 at 7.000 MHz and 1.3:1 at 7.200 MHz, providing a 200 KHz bandwidth. DL6GD notes that 80m tuning exhibits slight height sensitivity, while 40m tuning is less affected by height or 80m adjustments. Long-term observations from 2014 and 2022 document SWR degradation due to environmental factors like spiderwebs and ice accumulation, which can cause HF-conductive paths between elements. DXZone Focus: Callbook Entry | 40m/80m Morgain Dipole | SWR Measurements | 20.30m Length

Demonstrates the design principles and performance characteristics of **corner reflector antennas**, emphasizing their high gain and directional properties. It covers critical design factors such as the corner angle and the spacing between the radiating dipole and the reflector vertex. The resource explains how reducing the corner angle increases gain but lowers feed impedance, making matching more challenging. Practical angles of 90 degrees or 60 degrees are discussed, with 90 degrees offering easier impedance matching despite slightly lower gain. Details key design considerations, including reflector side length exceeding two wavelengths and reflector width greater than one wavelength for a half-wave radiator. It specifies reflector construction using wire netting, sheet metal, or parallel metal spines spaced less than 0.1 wavelength. The article provides a table with general dimensions for UHF and VHF bands, noting typical impedance values of 50 to 75 ohms and expected SWR of 1.7:1 on the lower band edge. Adjustable radiator-to-vertex spacing is highlighted as crucial for final tuning.

An Off-center-feed antenna that covers 80, 40, 20, 17, 15, 12, 10, and 6 meters

Over 1,000 stations in approximately 60 countries were worked using this modified twin-lead folded dipole, demonstrating its effectiveness with just 4 watts on 20 meters. This design, adapted from an ARRL Handbook concept, eliminates the shorting strap found in traditional folded dipoles, simplifying construction while maintaining performance. It utilizes readily available 300-ohm TV antenna feeder ribbon, making it a cost-effective solution for radio amateurs. The antenna's robust construction allows it to handle up to 100 watts without issues, even without a **balun**. The inclusion of a variable trimmer capacitor at the stub provides flexibility for tuning across different frequencies within a band, a practical feature for operators using transceivers like the Icom 735. Formulas are provided to calculate the precise dimensions for any desired operating frequency, enabling customization for various **HF bands**.

A balun is a MUST for dipoles or similar antennas when they are feed with coaxial cables. Many hams connect the center conductor of the coaxial cable to one side of the dipole, and the shield to the other. Wrong!

The G5RV multiband HF antenna, designed by Louis Varney (G5RV) in 1946, is a popular compromise antenna offering good overall performance on most HF bands when paired with an external antenna tuner. The basic full-size G5RV measures 102 feet across the top for 80 through 10 meter operation and is fed at the center via a 34-foot low-loss feed-stub. This interaction between the radiating section and the feed-stub facilitates matching across 80-10 meters with a standard tuner, often eliminating the need for ladder line directly to the shack. The antenna's design center frequency is 14.150 MHz, configured as a 3/2-wave dipole on 20 meters, with its 102-foot length derived from long-wire antenna formulas. Construction details emphasize the matching section, which can be open wire, ladder line (window-type), or TV twin lead. Each type has a specific velocity factor (VF) affecting its physical length for an electrical half-wave on 14 MHz; for instance, open wire requires 33.7 feet (VF 0.97), ladder line 31.3 feet (VF 0.90), and TV twin lead 28.5 feet (VF 0.82). The article provides formulas for calculating these lengths and discusses the antenna's behavior on individual bands, from 3.5 MHz where it acts as a shortened dipole, to 28 MHz where it functions as two three-half-wave long-wire antennas fed in-phase. Practical construction notes include recommendations for vertical descent of the matching section, sealing the coax junction, providing strain relief, and winding a coaxial choke coil to mitigate common mode current. The resource also presents dimensions for double-size (204 ft) and half-size (51 ft) G5RV versions, along with their corresponding matching section lengths for various line types, making it a versatile reference for hams considering this classic wire antenna.

Construction details of a multiband dipole that can can operate at high power levels, and match its 50-ohm coax feedline without a tuner