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For every radio amateur who loves to travel by car, a mobile installation soon becomes a necessity. While in inhabited areas there is usually some coverage of VHF repeaters, in many other places VHF radios are useless. In these very places, HF can provide reliable contacts, and a lot of fun, from anywhere.

UK frequency list provide reference table to lister to Police scanner channels UHF VHF, Amateur Repeaters, Ambulance CB Radio CoastGuard Rescue, marine VHF, Military and more.

FTB2800 is a memory management software program for the Yaesu FT 2800 M FM transceiver.

High Speed Multimedia (HSMM) radio, as introduced by John Champa, K8OCL, represents a significant advancement in amateur radio's digital capabilities, moving beyond traditional keyboard modes like packet radio. This initiative, driven by ARRL's Technology Task Force, focuses on developing high-speed digital radio networks capable of up to 20 megabits per second. HSMM primarily facilitates digital voice (DV) and digital video (ADV), enabling real-time video transmission from emergency scenes to an EOC without expensive ATV gear, often requiring only a laptop, a PCMCIA card, a digital camera, and a small antenna. The working group's initial efforts concentrate on cultivating microwave skills within the amateur community to build and support portable and fixed high-speed radio-based local networking, or **RLANs**. These networks prove invaluable for RACES and ARES organizations, as well as homeland security and other emergency communications. Field Day exercises and simulated emergency tests (SETs) are encouraged to hone skills in rapid site surveys and deploying broadband HSMM microwave radio networks, with examples like linking Field Day logging stations or antenna test results at the Midwest VHF-UHF Society Picnic 2003. Getting started with HSMM often involves adapting off-the-shelf **IEEE 802.11** (WiFi) equipment to comply with amateur radio regulations, typically operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM bands. While consumer WiFi gear has range limitations under Part 15 rules, proper setup under amateur regulations can extend coverage significantly, with test networks like the Hinternet achieving 5-15 mile ranges at 54 M bit/s using small mast-mounted dish antennas. Careful selection of equipment with external antenna ports, high transmit power, and low receive sensitivity is crucial, along with using low-loss coaxial cable like LMR-400 for optimal performance at these frequencies.

A review of the Wouxun VHF UHF handheld transceiver KG-UV8D

MARCA, Inc. operates approximately 24 repeaters across Arizona mountaintops and Phoenix-area rooftops, supporting modes like D-STAR and Fusion. The club, holding the **W7MOT** callsign, engages in diverse activities including ARRL Field Day events near Forest Lakes, AZ, ARRL FMT contests, and antenna experimentation. Members actively participate in HF operations such as voice, digital, CW, DXing, and various digital HF modes, alongside MESH and EOC operations within the valley. The club's interests span a broad technical spectrum, from SDR radio building to antique radio restoration, and include modern digital modes like WSPR, WSJT, FT8, and FT4. They also explore computer-based operations such as Echolink, fostering a dedicated Single Board Computer (SBC) and Raspberry Pi group. Monthly VE testing sessions for Technician, General, and Extra Class licenses are conducted by Ray Vasquez, K4RMV. Meetings are held on the third Tuesday of each month, typically lasting two hours, with a business segment followed by a technical presentation. These gatherings occur in-person at IHop in Mesa, AZ, and concurrently via Zoom, accommodating both local members and winter visitors. Informal chat groups often form post-meeting to discuss specialized topics like D-STAR, SDR, APRS, MESH, and Fusion.

The _RTL-SDR V4_ dongle offers a tuning range from approximately 500 kHz to 1.7 GHz, encompassing HF, VHF, UHF, and microwave amateur allocations, with direct sampling improvements for HF reception. This guide outlines two primary installation methods for _OpenWebRX_ on a Raspberry Pi: utilizing an official Raspberry Pi image or employing a Docker installation. It also provides specific recommendations for Raspberry Pi models such as the 3/3B+, 4, and Zero 2 W, alongside practical advice for antenna selection and placement to optimize reception. _OpenWebRX_ is an open-source, browser-based SDR software package that facilitates web-accessible radio reception. The setup results in a receiver featuring a live waterfall display and demodulation capabilities for AM, FM, SSB, and CW modes. This configuration can be deployed for public access or restricted to a private network, depending on the operator's preference. Further sections address common troubleshooting scenarios and offer tips for mitigating noise, ensuring a stable and effective SDR listening station. The _RTL-SDR V4_ also integrates improved front-end filtering and a software-switchable bias tee, enhancing its utility for various amateur radio applications.

Voldatech, a manufacturer based in China, produces a range of RF feeder cables and site components essential for amateur radio installations and telecommunication infrastructure. Their product line includes various types of coaxial cables, such as **50 Ohm** and 75 Ohm options, along with a comprehensive selection of connectors like N-type, UHF, and BNC. These components are critical for maintaining signal integrity and minimizing loss in antenna systems, whether for a home shack or a remote DXpedition setup. The company's focus on _RF Coax cables_ and connectors directly supports the needs of radio amateurs seeking reliable transmission lines for their transceivers and antennas. Amateurs often compare Voldatech's offerings to established brands, evaluating factors such as impedance matching, shielding effectiveness, and durability under various environmental conditions. The availability of diverse cable types allows operators to select optimal solutions for different frequency bands and power levels, from QRP to high-power amplifier setups. Their products are particularly relevant for those constructing new antenna arrays or upgrading existing feedline systems, aiming to achieve maximum power transfer and reduce standing wave ratio (SWR) for efficient signal propagation.

HF Ham Radio net

The areas noted in the forecast have the necessary atmospheric conditions to produce tropospheric bending of VHF, UHF and/or microwave radio waves. Tropospheric bending extends the range of radio & TV stations well beyond their normal limit and thus increases interference amongst stations as well.

Coastal Amateur Radio is for hams south of the Fraser. Even if you live north of the Fraser you are welcome to join in. Hams who come together for the love of HF & VHF in the hobby.

DF0WD/DL4YHF's Longwave Overview details amateur radio operations on the 135.7 to 137.8 kHz segment in Germany. The author outlines the "inofficial" European band plan, specifying segments for QRSS, TX tests, beacons, conventional CW, and data modes. Early LF activities at DF0WD began with a 20-watt CW transmitter, later upgraded to a homemade linear transverter capable of 100 watts, driven by an Icom IC706 on 10.137 MHz. The station's antenna system includes a 200-meter wire, approximately 10 meters above ground, supported by football field light-masts. Despite its length, the antenna's efficiency is noted as very low due to the immense wavelength of about 2.2 km. The author's experience highlights the significant challenge of achieving effective radiated power (EIRP) on LF, estimating DF0WD's EIRP at around 80 milliwatts based on field strength measurements from PA0SE. DF0WD/DL4YHF has successfully worked numerous countries on 136 kHz CW, including DL, F, G, GI, GM, GU, GW, HB9, HB0, LX, OE, OH, OK, OM, ON, OZ, PA, and SM. The author also mentions ongoing efforts to log contacts with CT, EI, LA/LG, and to complete a two-way QSO with Italy, demonstrating persistent activity on this challenging band.

This PDF guide provides detailed instructions and diagrams for constructing a fan dipole antenna, a popular choice among hams for multiband operations. The guide covers the design, materials needed, and installation process, offering step-by-step guidance to help hams set up an effective antenna system for their radio operations.

Personal web site by Joe PS8ET an active amateur radio operator from Brazil very active both on HF bands and on Ham Radio Satellites.

The Bazooka antenna, a coaxial dipole, functions as an omnidirectional antenna with vertical or horizontal polarization. Patented in 1939 and refined in 2006, it features a quarter-wavelength coaxial cable with separated conductors. The outer conductor connects to a sleeve, while the inner conductor extends vertically. Initially complex, it has been simplified for versatile use, including military applications. Adding elements can modify its behavior for NVIS or Yagi-Uda configurations. Experiments in 2007 at the Campus de Pesquisas Geofísicas in Paula Freitas-PR demonstrated consistent VHF and UHF performance, showing reliable return loss measurements despite variable weather.

Documents S21RC's construction of an impedance transformer harness for a VHF/UHF cross yagi, utilizing 20m of _RG179_ cable. Details the creation of a DIY RF sampler with a -50dB sampling output, primarily for measuring HF radio PA section output with a Spectrum Analyzer, also applicable for _Pure Signal_ transmission. Chronicles the deployment of a 200m long beverage antenna for the _S21DX IOTA_ operation in 2022, positioned 2m above ground. Discusses the construction of a 3-element short beam for 10m to replace a previous 2-element antenna, with assistance from S21DW. Provides guidance on operating cheap _PA-70_ and _PA-100_ type Chinese SSPAs using IRF530 MOSFETs, emphasizing the necessity of a final LPF. Outlines the design and construction of a fully isolated interface for radio-to-computer connections, supporting various digital modes with isolated ground, audio transformers for IN/OUT, optical isolation for CAT/CIV, and isolated PTT/COS lines. Includes a log of software updates, such as the _HMI/TFT for NX8048K070_ and _2.1.14 Lite_ release with bug fixes for PEP hold and gradual watt decay.

A personal blog about amateur radio activities, including homebrew, bitx, ubitx, mcHF, JT65, FT8 and more digital communications.

This is the mobile version of the DK0TE WebSDR providing HF ham radio bands coverage.

DXChrono Desktop presents a comprehensive suite of real-time amateur radio data, including NOAA solar indices, HF band conditions, and a worldwide _F5LEN tropo_ overlay for VHF openings. It integrates live spots from Telnet DX Cluster, PSK Reporter, and Reverse Beacon Network, displaying them on a dynamic 3D globe or 2D flat map. Additional features include aurora and MUF layers, QTH display with optional cities and grid/CQ/ITU layers, and dedicated support for SOTA and POTA activations. The software also offers a Watch List for callsign alerts and Sun/Moon Az/El widgets for satellite and EME operations. The application provides extensive contest and logging context through integration with _N1MM Logger+_ UDP, Cloudlog API, QRZ Logbook, and ADIF file support, allowing recent QSOs to be mapped directly. A Special Event mode is available for club stations, enhancing field day operations. DXChrono Desktop runs on Windows, macOS, Linux, and Raspberry Pi 4/5, requiring a 64-bit OS and at least 4 GB RAM for optimal performance, distinguishing it from simpler HamClock-style appliances.

256 memories enable the _AT-AUTO_ to recall settings across multiple bands, making it efficient for operators who frequently change frequencies. The tuner is compatible with various antennas and amplifiers, such as the Mercury LUX, and integrates seamlessly with radios like the FLEX 6400 using an RS232-USB connection. This integration allows the tuner to follow frequency changes without additional input, enhancing operational efficiency. Despite being out of production, the _AT-AUTO_ remains supported by Kessler Engineering, which offers firmware updates and repair services. The tuner features a cross-needle SWR meter, providing quick visual feedback during tuning. It also includes a QRO keyline circuit to protect amplifiers during tuning. Users appreciate the tuner's ability to track radios via CAT control, avoiding automatic tuning during QSOs, a common issue with other models. The _AT-AUTO_ is praised for its durability and performance, with many users noting its reliability over years of use. Its ability to handle legal limit power and its balanced line output make it a versatile choice for serious operators. Although it lacks some features like multiple coax outputs found in other models, its robust build and continued support make it a valuable tool for HF enthusiasts.

Amateur radio repeaters, often designated by an "R" number like _R6_ or _R5_, serve as crucial infrastructure for extending VHF/UHF communications range. This resource from Essex Ham explains the fundamental concept of a repeater, detailing how it receives on one frequency and simultaneously retransmits on another, typically with a 600 kHz offset for 2-meter repeaters. Understanding the input and output frequencies, along with the required CTCSS tone, is essential for successful access, ensuring your signal is processed and relayed across a wider service area. The article clarifies the importance of using the correct _CTCSS_ (Continuous Tone-Coded Squelch System) tone, often referred to as a sub-audible tone, to activate a specific repeater. It also touches upon the concept of _simplex_ operation versus repeater use, highlighting the benefits of repeaters for mobile and handheld transceivers. Proper operating procedures, such as listening before transmitting and keeping transmissions concise, are emphasized to maintain good amateur practice on shared repeater assets.

Covers the WB2JKJ Educom HF Net, which operates on 7.238 MHz and 21.395 MHz. This resource highlights the activities of The Radio Club of Junior High School 22 NYC, Inc., a non-profit organization established in 1980. The club's mission, "Education Thru Communication" (EDUCOM), focuses on integrating amateur radio into schools across the nation as a teaching theme. WB2JKJ, Joe Fairclough, founded and presides over this club, which is recognized as NYC's largest ham radio club. The site also provides access to the "APPLE SLICE NewsletterCurrent Edition" and information on how to support the organization. It includes a scrapbook section and contact details for further engagement. The content was last updated on May 5, 2023, reflecting recent activity.

Demonstrates the _Widget DX HB9HBY_ software, a compact desktop application for amateur radio operators, providing essential real-time information. The widget displays UTC time, current HF propagation conditions, local weather, and thunderstorm risk. It also integrates radio-related links and offers advanced PRO functions, such as a DX map, HF noise radar, IBP beacon synchronization, contest heatmap, aurora radar, and a rare DX radar. The software is available for Windows 10/11 and Linux, with a macOS version planned for future release, and supports both French and English interfaces. Author HB9HBY highlights the widget's simple installation process and automatic update capabilities, which can be silent for minor fixes or include notifications for significant changes. The free version provides core functionalities, while a 15-day free trial unlocks the PRO features. A lifetime PRO license is available for a one-time payment of CHF 10, activating advanced tools that help operators make quicker decisions at the station by correlating propagation, UTC, DX activity, and local conditions, though results remain indicative and require confirmation via listening or tools like _RBN_ or _PSKReporter_.

Yaesu FT-450D HF / 6 Meter DSP Transceiver, a nice affordable transceiver for amateur radio use, but understand the caveats.

Presents a web software defined radio service hosted by the ARDAM amateur radio club in Ordino, Andorra, situated at an altitude of 1,400 meters in the Pyrenees. The system incorporates four FunCubeDonglePro+ receivers, providing access to the 60m, 40m, 20m, and 80m amateur bands. These receivers are connected to a dipole antenna oriented East/West, enabling users to monitor signals, check their own transmissions, or simply enjoy general ham radio listening from this unique QTH. The interface provides a waterfall display, frequency tuning, and signal strength plotting, with options for both Java and HTML5 WebAudio, though Java is noted as a requirement for full functionality on some browsers. The resource details the operational aspects, crediting PA3FWM for the underlying software and C31CT and EA3KZ for system operation and maintenance, ensuring 24/7 availability. It also includes a significant section outlining the ARDAM association's ongoing disputes with the URA (Unió de Radioaficionats Andorrans) regarding amateur radio regulations, CEPT licensing for foreign visitors, and the installation of a VHF-DMR repeater, highlighting the challenges faced by ARDAM in promoting amateur radio in Andorra.

The Burlington Amateur Radio Club (BARC) provides a community hub for amateur radio operators in Burlington, Ontario, Canada, offering regular meetings, educational programs, and a dedicated hackspace for electronics and radio experimentation. The club operates several repeaters, including a 2m repeater (VE3RSB) on 147.210 MHz with a +600 kHz offset and 131.8 Hz tone, which supports AllStar node 542490. Additionally, BARC maintains a UHF repeater on 444.825 MHz with a +5 MHz offset and 131.8 Hz tone, and a 1.25m (220 MHz) repeater, facilitating local communication and digital mode access. BARC hosts multiple nets, including a Fusion Net on Mondays at 8:00 p.m. via VE3RSB-Room 61272, a Regular Wednesday Night Net on the VE3RSB system at 7:30 PM, and a 220 Net on Thursdays at 7:00 p.m. The club also runs a CW/SSB HF Net every Thursday at 7:00 p.m. local time on 40m, utilizing 7.125 MHz for LSB and 7.124.3 MHz for CW check-ins. These activities promote on-air participation, technical skill development, and social interaction among members, supporting both VHF/UHF local operations and HF DXing.

Presents various amateur radio topics through blog posts, detailing operational experiences and technical insights from the perspective of SV2YC. The content frequently discusses antenna projects, such as a **portable 20m/40m dipole** designed for rapid deployment, and explores the performance characteristics of different wire configurations in varied field conditions. Observations on propagation and band activity across the HF spectrum are also regularly documented, providing practical context for fellow operators. Specific entries often include detailed accounts of **DX contacts** and participation in minor contests, outlining station setup, power levels, and antenna choices. The blog also covers modifications to commercial transceivers and homebrew accessory construction, offering practical advice on improving station efficiency and functionality. Further posts delve into software applications for logging and digital modes, sharing configurations and operational tips for maximizing their utility in daily amateur radio activities.

Messi & Paoloni offers a range of RF coaxial cables, including the _Ultraflex_ series, specifically engineered for amateur radio applications. These cables feature advanced dielectric materials and high-density braiding, resulting in significantly reduced attenuation across HF, VHF, and UHF bands. For instance, the Ultraflex 7 exhibits a loss of only **2.5 dB per 100 feet** at 144 MHz, making it suitable for demanding DX and contesting operations. The company's product line also includes specialized connectors, such as N-type and PL-259, designed to maintain optimal impedance matching and minimize signal reflections. Each connector is precision-machined to ensure a secure, weather-resistant termination, crucial for outdoor antenna installations and long-term reliability. Messi & Paoloni emphasizes rigorous quality control, with all cables undergoing testing to ensure consistent performance and durability, supporting effective two-way radio communication.

The MiniPA Linear Amplifier for HF page discusses the popularity of QRP for HF among ham radio operators, such as those using the Yaesu FT818 or low power SDR transceivers. It explores the use of cheap kits from eBay or Chinese suppliers to build a 70-100W SSB amplifier using IRF530 MOSFET transistors. The article provides a review of the MiniPA design, including its features, components, and assembly process. It also highlights the importance of using a heatsink and forced air cooling for optimal performance. This page is useful for hams looking to enhance their HF rig with a budget-friendly amplifier.

List of global weather fax (HF fax) stations, including their locations, call signs, and frequencies. Click on any station's call sign to view its weatherfax broadcast schedule. This site provides various radiofax receiver manuals in PDF format, on the Receivers page.

Malcom Technical Support Radio Electronics Repair, ICOM Authorized Service Center, also service 1988 and newer Kenwood HF/VHF/UHF transceivers based in Toledo, WA USA

Documents the _5W0M_ DXpedition to Samoa (IOTA OC-097) conducted by a German team from April 4th to 18th, 2013. The resource provides operational details and insights into activating this Pacific entity. It covers the planning, execution, and on-air activities of the multi-operator team, focusing on maximizing contacts across various HF bands. The expedition successfully logged over **30,000 QSOs**, providing DXCC credit for many operators worldwide. The site serves as a historical record, allowing hams to review the expedition's progress and understand the logistical challenges of operating from a remote island. It highlights the strategic band choices and operating techniques employed to achieve a high QSO rate and reach diverse geographical areas.

SimpleHRR is a free ham radio remote control web application (or web app) hosted by Raspberry Pi in the ham station to remote control a ham radio HF transceiver through a supported web browser from a Desktop PC, Laptop or Android phone. Supports recent ICOM IC-7x series transceivers

A distance of 1/8 lambda between the antenna and the vehicle roof is suggested for optimal performance, with slight adjustments possible to lower the take-off angle for terrestrial contacts. This resource details the adaptation of an _Eggbeater_ antenna for mobile use, specifically for VHF operation, leveraging the car's metal roof as a ground plane. It illustrates the mounting method, repurposing a magnetic ski carrier base, and describes the integration of coaxial relays for polarization reversal, a feature also applicable to UHF versions as discussed in "_Eggbeater Antenna VHF/UHF – Part 2_". This mobile configuration proves effective for satellite communications, such as through the International Space Station (ISS), while also maintaining strong performance for land-based radio contacts. The inclusion of switches with indicator lights for VHF and UHF polarization control, powered by the vehicle's battery, highlights practical considerations for field deployment. The system's adaptability for portable operations underscores its versatility beyond fixed mobile installations.

The page automatically generate a Great Circle Map (GCM) for ham radio operators based on the IP address or by a given QTH locator. The GCM generated, unlike traditional maps of this type, has been rendered in an elliptical shape instead of a circle. This provides an expanded view horizontally thus making it easier to interpret. The map base is colored with each continent colored differently for easier recognition. The color code of the continents is given below the map for easy reference

The Davis County Amateur Radio Club (DCARC) serves as a focal point for licensed amateur radio operators in Davis County, Utah, fostering community and promoting radio communication interests. Members engage in various aspects of the hobby, including local nets, public service events, and technical discussions. The club's activities often involve supporting emergency communications preparedness and providing opportunities for skill development among its members. DCARC maintains a presence in the local ham radio scene, facilitating contacts and knowledge exchange. They frequently participate in events like _Field Day_ and offer resources for those interested in obtaining or upgrading their amateur radio licenses. The club also supports local repeaters, ensuring reliable VHF/UHF communication infrastructure for the region. Their website, dcarc.net, provides information on club meetings, upcoming events, and contact details for prospective members.

This unique online tool helps Ham Radio operators to choose the right rotator for medium and large HF antenna systems. The algorithm implemented in this calculator is the result of 40 years of experience in the HF Antenna sector. Given the Wind Speed, the total antenna square area, and the boom length, it will return the calculated torque value.

Ray-trace radio signals through a realistic three-dimensional ionosphere using Proplab-Pro. This software has been used by the military, researchers, universities and amateur radio operators around the world to assist in determining radio propagation conditions and radio signal behavior. It is one of the most respected and well established software packages for radio engineers and enthusiasts, being actively updated for over 28 years.

Dealer in HF, RF and microwave components based in Italy, offering a wide product catalog for amateur radio projects and more.

QSO Relay is a Windows desktop application that listens for contacts being forwarded from WSJT-X/JT65-HF and JTAlertX and write to Ham Radio Deluxe Logbook v6.x database

Details Amphenol Connex's product range, focusing on RF connectors, adapters, and cable assemblies. The company produces common radio frequency interfaces such as _BNC_, _SMA_, and _TNC_ connectors, alongside numerous other specialized designs. These components are critical for establishing reliable signal paths in amateur radio stations, ensuring proper impedance matching and minimal signal loss across various frequency bands. The manufacturing process emphasizes precision engineering to meet the demanding specifications of RF applications, from HF to microwave frequencies. Product lines support diverse coaxial cable types, facilitating custom cable assembly for specific station configurations. The extensive catalog provides solutions for both fixed station installations and portable operations, addressing the needs of contesters, DXers, and general amateur radio operators.

This article describes a multi-band antenna design for amateur radio enthusiasts by G3FEW. The antenna is designed to cover at least five HF bands with low SWR and without the need for an ATU. It is also designed to be easy to construct and adaptable for different locations. The antenna is a full-wave dipole with traps at the quarter-wave points. The traps are used to tune the antenna to different bands. The antenna can be fed with a 4:1 balun. The article includes instructions for building the antenna, as well as information on the theory behind its operation. The author also discusses the results of his tests with the antenna. This multi-band antenna is a well-designed and versatile antenna that can be used by amateur radio enthusiasts on a variety of bands. It is relatively easy to construct and can be adapted for different locations.

The Narrabeen JOTA and JOTI camp facilitates global communication for Sydney North Region Scouts and Northern Sydney Girl Guides, utilizing amateur radio and internet technologies. Participants engage in two-way radio contacts, often on **HF** bands, to connect with other scouting and guiding groups worldwide, fostering international goodwill and technical skill development. The event integrates both traditional **ham radio** operations and modern internet-based communication methods, providing a diverse experience for youth members. The resource outlines the specific activities undertaken at the Narrabeen site, including station setup, operating procedures, and the use of digital modes for JOTI. It highlights the educational aspects of the event, such as learning about radio propagation, antenna theory, and basic electronics, all within a structured camp environment. The page also provides logistical information relevant to the Australian context of the event.

The Delta Amateur Radio Club (DARC) serves as a community organization for amateur radio operators in the Memphis, Tennessee area, providing resources and activities centered around two-way radio communication. The club maintains the W4BS repeater system, which operates on 147.060 MHz with a +600 kHz offset and a 100 Hz PL tone, facilitating local VHF communications. DARC actively supports the Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES), preparing members for public service and disaster response through training and coordinated drills. The club also hosts regular meetings and events, fostering camaraderie and technical skill development among its members. Membership in the Delta Amateur Radio Club offers opportunities for participation in various amateur radio activities, including field day operations and local nets. The W4BS repeater provides reliable coverage across the Memphis metropolitan area, serving as a critical asset for both daily ragchewing and emergency traffic handling. DARC's affiliation with the Amateur Radio Relay League (ARRL) ensures access to national resources and advocacy, reinforcing the club's commitment to promoting amateur radio and public service within the community. The club's focus on emergency communications strengthens local preparedness.

This article taken from the IARU Region 1 VHF handbook, is about the history of the original Locator System named QRA-Locator consisted of just five-character code, two capital letters, a two-digit number and a lower-case letter, like inf example CM72j

The PAC-12 Antenna, a multi-band portable vertical, is meticulously detailed in this construction article by James Bennett, _KA5DVS_. The design emphasizes ease of homebrewing using readily available components from local hardware stores, including replaceable loading coils. It outlines the preparation of the 72-inch telescoping whip (originally from Radio Shack, with an alternate source now provided by _Pacific Antenna_), the construction of the loading coils from PVC risers, and the fabrication of the aluminum rod base sections. Specific instructions cover threading aluminum rod with a _1/4-20 threading die_ and assembling the feedpoint insulator with a BNC connector, along with recommendations for radial deployment. KA5DVS, an avid traveler and QRP enthusiast, developed the PAC-12 to address the bulkiness of random wire setups and the limitations of commercial portable antennas like the Outbacker or SuperAntennas MP1. His goal was a lightweight, packable antenna that disassembles into 12-inch sections, achieving an assembled length of approximately 8 feet. The design strategically places the loading coil away from the base for improved efficiency. The PAC-12 notably placed first in efficiency compared to a quarter-wavelength wire vertical at the HFPack antenna shootout during the Pacificon conference in October 2001, demonstrating its practical performance for field operations. Appendix C showcases various _NJQRP Club_ members' PAC-12 constructions, including a 20m beam made with multiple PAC-12 elements.

As a ham radio club we get involved with contest, emergency response and services (CERT, RACE, ARES & etc), volunteering to organizations that needs our help (Community, Boys Scouts, Senior Citizens, & etc.), promoting and educating individuals of amateur radio operations (ARRL, FCC, Obtaining Licenses, Local Government, & etc), meeting new and interesting people around the world and beyond through many sources (VHF, UHF, HF, Computers, CW, D-Star, RTTY, & etc.), amateur radio is a great social skill, there is no age limit on who can get involved, and much more.

Amateur radio operators in northwestern Wisconsin often seek local community and technical support, which the Barron County Amateur Radio Association (BCARA) provides. This organization facilitates regular meetings, nets, and events, connecting hams across the region for shared learning and operational experiences. Members engage in various aspects of the hobby, from contesting and DXing to emergency communications and technical projects, reinforcing local Elmering traditions. The BCARA maintains a presence on social media, including a Facebook group with over **100** members, enabling real-time communication and event coordination. The club also supports local public service events, demonstrating the practical utility of amateur radio. Their activities encompass both VHF/UHF operations and _HF bands_, ensuring a broad appeal to operators with diverse interests and equipment setups.

Illustrates the fundamental principles of radio repeaters, detailing their role in extending communication range beyond line-of-sight limitations. It begins by defining _simplex communication_ as a direct radio-to-radio link, effective only when no obstructions impede the signal path. The resource then introduces the concept of a repeater (or base station) strategically positioned on elevated terrain, such as a mountain, to overcome geographical barriers. The article clarifies the repeater's operational mechanism: it receives a signal on one frequency and simultaneously re-transmits it on a different frequency, enabling users on opposite sides of an obstruction to communicate. This _duplex operation_ is likened to satellite communication for VHF propagation, but with a fixed terrestrial station. Specific examples of signal paths are provided, showing how a handheld radio transmits up to the repeater, which then relays the message down to another user, effectively bypassing obstacles like hills or large buildings.

When planning your operating schedule, a reliable contest calendar is an essential tool for any serious contester. This DARC-maintained resource compiles current contest announcements for both HF and VHF/UHF operations, making it straightforward to identify upcoming opportunities for competitive radio sport. My own experience has shown that having a centralized, well-organized calendar saves significant time, especially when targeting specific events like the Clubmeisterschaft Classic (CMC) or the KW-Pokal. The DARC calendar highlights these German and European scoring contests in yellow, providing immediate visual cues for participants. HF contests are clearly marked in blue, while VHF/UHF events appear in red, simplifying band-specific planning. Beyond the major international contests, the calendar emphasizes regional events, which can be particularly useful for those aiming to improve their standing in local club competitions or explore less common contest formats. Special activity periods, such as those spanning multiple days, are also noted with a green background, ensuring operators are aware of extended operating windows.