Search results

Coax Velocity Factor in Baluns, Does it Matter? Test results show coaxial cable velocity factor does not always enter into stub length calculations especially in the world of Baluns

There are several ways to reduce the length of a dipole and still use it as an effective antenna. Remember it is the electrical length that determines resonance. The physical length can be considerably less than a half wave length on your desired frequency as determined by 468/f MHz.

Operating in antenna-restricted communities presents unique challenges for amateur radio operators, often necessitating creative solutions for antenna deployment. This resource details the design and implementation of stealth antennas within a townhouse community in Exton, PA, where external antennas were strictly forbidden by covenants. The author, WB5NHL, describes his setup, which involved locating the shack in the basement and utilizing an unused space under the roofline of a finished third-floor loft for antenna placement. The content specifically addresses the practicalities of routing coax cables three floors and maximizing antenna performance within limited attic space. It covers solutions for multi-band operation, including dedicated sections for 40-10 meter and 80-meter antennas, along with strategies for mitigating potential interference issues. The approach emphasizes full compliance with community covenants, achieving maximum height-above-ground for horizontal antennas, enabling instant band switching, and efficiently utilizing available attic volume. While acknowledging limitations such as potential interference with high power and fixed antenna patterns, the resource provides a detailed account of a functional compromise for restricted environments. Links to individual pages on _coax cables_, _40-10 meter antennas_, _80-meter antennas_, and _interference issues_ offer deeper dives into each specific aspect of the installation.

The Bazooka antenna, a coaxial dipole, functions as an omnidirectional antenna with vertical or horizontal polarization. Patented in 1939 and refined in 2006, it features a quarter-wavelength coaxial cable with separated conductors. The outer conductor connects to a sleeve, while the inner conductor extends vertically. Initially complex, it has been simplified for versatile use, including military applications. Adding elements can modify its behavior for NVIS or Yagi-Uda configurations. Experiments in 2007 at the Campus de Pesquisas Geofísicas in Paula Freitas-PR demonstrated consistent VHF and UHF performance, showing reliable return loss measurements despite variable weather.

The PAC-12 Antenna, a multi-band portable vertical, is meticulously detailed in this construction article by James Bennett, _KA5DVS_. The design emphasizes ease of homebrewing using readily available components from local hardware stores, including replaceable loading coils. It outlines the preparation of the 72-inch telescoping whip (originally from Radio Shack, with an alternate source now provided by _Pacific Antenna_), the construction of the loading coils from PVC risers, and the fabrication of the aluminum rod base sections. Specific instructions cover threading aluminum rod with a _1/4-20 threading die_ and assembling the feedpoint insulator with a BNC connector, along with recommendations for radial deployment. KA5DVS, an avid traveler and QRP enthusiast, developed the PAC-12 to address the bulkiness of random wire setups and the limitations of commercial portable antennas like the Outbacker or SuperAntennas MP1. His goal was a lightweight, packable antenna that disassembles into 12-inch sections, achieving an assembled length of approximately 8 feet. The design strategically places the loading coil away from the base for improved efficiency. The PAC-12 notably placed first in efficiency compared to a quarter-wavelength wire vertical at the HFPack antenna shootout during the Pacificon conference in October 2001, demonstrating its practical performance for field operations. Appendix C showcases various _NJQRP Club_ members' PAC-12 constructions, including a 20m beam made with multiple PAC-12 elements.

A 30 cm antenna for the six meters band in japanese

Operating as FY/F5UII, Christian F5UII conducted a DXpedition to French Guiana (FY) from January 13 to 30, 2013. The primary operation utilized the FY5KE radio club station in Kourou, with activity focused on voice modes during specific weekday hours. The resource details the operator's intent to transmit before 12:00z and after 22:00z, or as availability permitted, from the mainland. A significant aspect of this operation involved a dedicated weekend activation of the Salut Islands, specifically **IOTA SA-020**, from January 19-20, 2013. This segment of the DXpedition was conducted from Royal Island (Ile Royale), part of a group including Devil's Island (Ile du Diable) and St. Joseph Island (Ile Saint Joseph), located 14 km offshore from Kourou. The station setup for the IOTA activation included 100 Watts of power, a GPA-030 vertical antenna for 10m, 15m, and 20m, and dipole antennas for 17m and 40m, with antenna deployment contingent on site conditions and propagation. The operator anticipated strong interest for the SA-020 entity.

In pursuit of enhanced station efficiency, the author describes crafting an Arduino-based smart antenna switcher for an SO2R setup. Faced with manual antenna switching challenges during contests, the project utilizes a Logos Electromechanical 4x4 Driver Shield and a Power Screw shield for seamless functionality. Despite its raw appearance, the automatic switcher proves indispensable in contest scenarios, prompting considerations for future improvements and standardization of station control protocols.

Building an 80-160 meter antenna in a small garden (9m x 14m) involves creative solutions due to space constraints. This project outlines the construction of a trapped 80-160 meter vertical dipole, utilizing a crank-up tower and an 11-meter fiberglass pole. The design prioritizes minimal visibility, ease of construction, and cost-effectiveness, achieving effective operation despite limited space.

This article discusses the Disk-Yagi antenna, also known as the "gun antenna," popularized by the video blogger KREOSAN. It explains the design, differences from standard Yagi-Uda antennas, and key features like the use of patch antennas and the integration of MIMO technology. The article covers the construction, tuning challenges, scaling issues, and provides insights on practical applications, such as optimizing signal performance with a 75-ohm antenna. It emphasizes that while DIY versions may vary, careful tuning and design are crucial for effectiveness.

What is antenna polarization, and why does it matter. Horizontal versus Vertical versus Circular polarization. Undestanding how antennas perform better with different polarizations.

This article describes a simple yet effective multi-band vertical HF antenna design that performs exceptionally well across 80m to 10m bands. The antenna consists of a 13.4m wire mounted on a 12.4m Spiderpole, complemented by four 12m radials and a ground rod. Initially tuned with a manual LC circuit, it was later upgraded with a CG3000 remote auto ATU for convenient band switching. Despite antenna modeling software suggesting limited performance on higher frequencies, the system demonstrated excellent DX capabilities across all bands, outperforming more complex vertical antenna designs.

This antenna mast mount uses two Reese hitch extensions that are welded on to a piece of 2 inch square tube. It comes apart in two pieces. The vertical pipe on the left is welded on to a 2 inch piece of square tube that fits into the Reese hitch extension.

This PDF document reviews the POTA PERformer Antenna by KJ6ER, providing insights and details about its performance and features. The content is aimed at hams looking for information on this specific antenna model to help them make an informed purchasing decision. It contains technical specifications, user experiences, and possibly recommendations for optimal use. The review is valuable for hams interested in portable operation and seeking a reliable antenna solution for Parks on the Air (POTA) activations.

Receiving **GOES-16** and **GOES-17** weather satellite imagery requires a specific hardware and software configuration, detailed in this practical guide. The author outlines the necessary components, including a Raspberry Pi, an RTL-SDR dongle, a suitable LNA with SAW filter for 1.69 GHz, and a parabolic grid antenna. This setup enables direct reception of high-resolution weather data, a fascinating aspect of amateur radio satellite operations. The installation process begins with preparing the Raspberry Pi, followed by updating the system and installing essential dependencies like `git`, `build-essential`, and `cmake`. A critical step involves compiling and installing `librtlsdr` from source, ensuring proper driver setup and blacklisting conflicting DVB drivers. The guide then walks through testing the RTL-SDR dongle to confirm device recognition and troubleshoot common issues like USB power or driver installation problems. Finally, the instructions cover cloning and building `goestools`, a software suite essential for processing the satellite signals. This compilation, while time-consuming on a Raspberry Pi, is crucial for decoding the raw data into usable imagery. The guide concludes with the initial steps for creating the `goesrecv.conf` configuration file, preparing the system for active satellite reception.

This article shares the author's experience with building antennas. After putting a large magnetic loop project on hold, they decided to try a base-loaded vertical antenna. The author explains how they chose to design a new antenna from scratch, aiming for a frequency of 7 MHz. They describe the calculations needed to find the right coil inductance and how they used 3D-printed parts for the construction. The article wraps up with results from their initial tests, showing good communication on different bands and highlighting the success of their design.

A Lightweight 2m Yagi for SOTA. The boom is 20mm PVC electrical conduit and the elements are 2.4mm aluminium TIG welding rod. The antenna is carried as a single length of conduit with the elements stowed inside the boom, sealing them in with a bung. The driven element is connected directly to 50 Ohm coax with a BN-43-202 balun core to decouple the coax shield.

Here is a formula and calculator for creating a loaded (shortened) quarter wave vertical or balanced dipole. The calculation refers to either a loaded 1/4 wave or a loaded dipole

Experimentin wire antennas on top band using several type of aerials. This includes a 40 to 160 meters EndFed Half Wave kite antennas and 160m/80m loaded vertical antenna.

Extended Double Zepp measurements for all ham bands, and online calculator. The antenna is constructed much like an ordinary Dipole antenna but with 5/8 Wavelength Elements matched with an added Impedance Matching Section of balanced feed line

The original HEXBEAM was developed by Mike Traffic, N1HXA, in the early nineties. It is true that an M over W configured yagi antenna that resembled a butterfly was earlier tried successfully. But the advanced electrical design, the characteristic nesting concept and central terminal post that enable the multi band functionality along with the basic hardware design were all developed by Mike Traffie.

Operating an amateur radio station effectively requires reliable coaxial cable to minimize signal loss between the transceiver and antenna. SIVA Cavi, an Italian manufacturer, produces a range of coaxial cables, including specific 50 Ohm low-loss types suitable for amateur radio applications. Their product line features cables like **RG 58 SHF1**, **RG 213 SHF1**, and **RF 400 SHF1**, which are commonly deployed in HF and VHF/UHF setups. The company also offers specialized cables such as the **HF 214 UF Ultraflex**, a high-performance broadband low-loss 50 Ohm cable designed for flexibility and reduced attenuation across various amateur bands. These cables are engineered with solid or foam dielectric materials, impacting their electrical characteristics and suitability for different power levels and frequency ranges. For instance, foam dielectric cables often exhibit lower loss at higher frequencies, a critical factor for VHF/UHF operations. Beyond amateur radio, SIVA Cavi manufactures cables for digital video broadcast, offshore marine use, and fire detecting systems, demonstrating a broad engineering capability in coaxial cable technology.

This page provides detailed information on various antenna designs specifically tailored for hams operating on the 80m and 160m bands. The article covers the pourpose and usefulness of each design, helping hams optimize their radio communication capabilities on these popular bands. Whether you are a beginner looking to improve your setup or an experienced operator seeking new ideas, this page offers valuable insights to enhance your ham radio experience on the 80m and 160m frequencies.

A dual band 40-80 vertical antenna on an 18m Spiderbeam Fiberglass Spiderpole, with monoband performance

This article explores the evolution of antenna choices for DXpeditions, focusing on the shift from mono-band VDAs to a multi-band solution. It details the design and construction of a lightweight, versatile 20-17-15m VDA, utilizing readily available materials like fishing rods and IKEA breadboards. The author discusses challenges, adjustments, and offers guidance for replication.

Vertical Base Replacement Coil. Wolf River Coil build quality antenna coils that are easy to tune and easy to install.

This article documents the author's journey in building, modifying, and testing a DIY short vertical antenna for 40, 30, and 20 meters, with potential 80m capability. Initially inspired by Parks On The Air (POTA), the author explores pedestrian mobile operation and details various experiments to enhance antenna performance. The piece highlights challenges, SWR tuning, portability, and practical results, emphasizing a balance between efficiency and size. Ultimately, it showcases the adaptability of DIY antennas for portable ham radio applications.

Notes on installing the miniVNA PRO software, making a calibration standard, a trap tuning loop.

This page by Keith Greiner describes a magnetic loop antenna project, providing step-by-step instructions to create two versions of a system with one large loop and one small loop. It includes details on how to construct the loops using different materials, along with the necessary equipment like antenna analyzers, tuners, and software. The page is divided into five sections covering project discussion, design summary, an improved small loop, construction steps, and radiation pattern analysis. Aimed at hams interested in building their own magnetic loop antennas, the page offers practical guidance and insights into impedance matching for improved performance.

Explains the fundamental purpose of a repeater, detailing how these automated relay stations overcome distance and terrain limitations for VHF/UHF communications. It traces the historical development from early Bell Telephone Labs "relay" stations in 1922 to Art Gentry, W6MEP's, pioneering K6MYK amateur radio repeater in the mid-1950s, which remains active today. The resource clarifies the distinction between simplex and duplex operation, including the unique function of a "parrot repeater" for single-frequency recording and playback. Delving into the internal workings, the guide breaks down a repeater into its core components: the antenna system, feedline (often _Heliax_ or hardline for minimal loss), duplexer, receiver, transmitter, and controller. It emphasizes the critical role of the duplexer in preventing receiver desensitization by isolating transmit and receive signals, even with distinct frequencies. The discussion highlights the importance of high-performance, durable antennas and low-loss feedlines, citing examples of equipment installed in the 1960s and 1970s that are still in perfect working order. Operating a repeater is also covered, with an explanation of frequency offset (e.g., the 600 kHz standard for 2 meters) and the function of _CTCSS_ (PL tone) for access. It outlines standard input/output offsets for various bands, from 6 meters to 23 centimeters, while noting regional variations. The guide also touches on features like autopatch and Digital Voice Recorders (DVRs), providing a solid foundation for understanding repeater technology and usage.

Mounting on roof at the right ground level can greately impact on antenna performances because will affect the radiated angle of energy.

This page presents an online calculator tool for determining the dimensions of various HF wire antennas operating between 1.8-30 MHz. Users input their desired resonant frequency to obtain precise measurements for four popular antenna types: standard flat-top dipole, inverted Vee, quad loop, and equilateral delta loop. The calculator provides comprehensive measurements including leg lengths, minimum heights, horizontal spreads, and feedpoint distances. Accompanying the calculator are detailed technical explanations, construction notes, and installation guidelines for each antenna type, making it a practical resource for amateur radio operators building their own antennas.

The author reflects on expanding their antenna for 80m coverage during lockdown. They extend the End Fed Half Wave (EFHW) using a Spiderbeam pole and "cheating" by dog-legging across their garden. Despite challenges, they achieve coverage for multiple bands with minimal cost. Practical Wireless features EFHW antennas, including a pre-made 20m EFHW extended for 40m.

Building an End-Fed Half-Wave (EFHW) antenna from a kit, as detailed by Frank Bontenbal, PA2DKW, with process photos by Bob Inderbitzen, NQ1R, offers a practical approach for hams. This specific kit, a collaboration between ARRL and HF Kits, targets 10, 15, 20, and 40 meters, making it a versatile option for HF operations. Unlike a center-fed dipole, the EFHW is a half-wavelength antenna fed at one end, which simplifies deployment, particularly for portable use. The construction guide meticulously outlines the assembly of the 49:1 impedance matching network, crucial for transforming the antenna's high impedance (around 2,500 Ohms) to a transceiver-friendly 50 Ohms. Steps include preparing the enclosure by drilling holes for the coaxial connector and antenna connections, followed by the precise winding of enameled copper wire onto a toroid to create the transformer. The guide emphasizes careful insulation removal and soldering for reliable connections. Final assembly involves integrating a 100 pF capacitor for higher band compensation, soldering the transformer's primary and secondary sides, and conducting SWR tests with a 2K7 resistor or a half-wavelength wire. The document also provides examples of wire lengths for different bands, such as 16 feet for 10 meters or 66 feet for 40 meters, demonstrating the transformer's adaptability for various half-wavelength configurations.

The _G3TSO_ Mobile Antenna Page details construction and tuning methods for mobile antennas operating across **10 to 160 metres**. The content describes a Hustler-based design, optimized for RF performance and vehicle speeds, featuring centre loading. For optimal operation on various bands, the loading coil placement requires clearance from the vehicle body. Antenna resonance is critical for efficient mobile operation. A mobile antenna's base impedance may be as low as 27 ohms, requiring specific matching to achieve maximum radiation, as a minimum SWR at the transmitter does not always indicate resonance or maximum output. Tuning involves physical adjustment of antenna length to achieve resonance at the operating frequency. The _G3TSO_ page outlines a tuning procedure utilizing a low-power signal source and a field strength meter to identify maximum radiation before impedance matching. Loading coil placement, either at the base, center, or top of the antenna, influences radiation efficiency and mechanical stability for mobile installations. Centre-loaded whips, such as the Hustler design, offer a compromise between efficiency and stability, often for single-band operation. Helically wound antennas, including those for **28 MHz**, may present base impedances around 17 ohms, resulting in a 3:1 SWR at resonance. Low resistance grounding at the antenna base is also specified for optimizing performance and minimizing RFI during mobile operation. DXZone Focus: Mobile | Any | Antenna Tuning | HF

The antenna I built was inspired by a portable delta loop designed by Doug DeMaw, W1FB. Given that I constrained myself to a 50-foot roll of speak wire, I scaled my antenna for the 20M band. Using the formula, 1005 divided by the frequency in megahertz, I calculated a total length of 71 feet (21.6 meters) for the center of the 20M band.

An Inverted-L with its long leg sloping to the ground. It will still work very good, even if the horizontal wire has to be sloped diagonally to the ground, as long as you have enough horizontal space to keep it at about a 45 degree angle or more from the pole.

Online antenna calculator for the microvert capacitive antenna

Operating within the low-frequency spectrum, transformers serve critical roles in antenna systems, particularly for 160m applications. The resource details the construction and performance of 1:1 transformers built on BN-73-202 cores, emphasizing their use as hybrid combiners or phase inverters for RX antenna arrays. Measurements reveal that these transformers exhibit minimal losses, around 0.12 dB at 1.8 MHz, with variations based on wire type and number of turns. The analysis includes comparative data on transformer performance, highlighting the impact of different winding techniques on frequency response. Notably, the use of coaxial cable for winding improves bandwidth while maintaining low-frequency efficiency. The resource also discusses braid breaker transformers, which minimize inter-winding capacitance, achieving low losses around 0.21 dB at 1.8 MHz. These insights are crucial for optimizing low-band antenna systems, allowing operators to make informed decisions regarding transformer design and implementation.

This article discusses suitable first HF antenna options for amateur radio operators with limited space. It recommends an Off-Center Fed (OCF) Dipole and a Vertical Dipole, detailing the installation processes, considerations for stealth and ease of setup, and the characteristics that make them ideal for newcomers. Safety warnings and maintenance tips are provided to ensure effective and secure operation.

Dipole for 40m band. It is a simple linear loaded dipole feeded with 450-Ohm openwire feedline. Designed it for resonance at 7.050 MHz, can be tuned on 30m and 80m bands with an external antenna tuner. Build with simple electrical copper wire (2.5 mmq/13 awg) and two fishing poles with size of about 7 m/23 ft.

Constructed in May 2008, this innovative 4m tall electrically full-size halfwave vertical dipole, tunable to multiple bands, offers HF coverage despite its space-saving design. Inspired by cost-effective DIY alternatives, the antenna design departs from conventional center-fed approaches, utilizing asymmetrical dimensions. Despite resonance challenges, the antenna's performance remains viable, boasting broad bandwidth and adaptability, as demonstrated through SWR measurements and EZNEC predictions.

Mad your own simple FS meter. It is the simplest thing to make and is good enough to see if the antenna under test is radiating more power than your old ground plane, old mobile vertical or just radiating at all in a particular direction or in all directions.

Learn how to easily build a 10-meter vertical antenna, perfect for DX contacts on the amateur radio bands. This flowerpot or T2LT design is portable, efficient, and ideal for ham radio operators looking to improve their DX performance. With just a few basic tools and materials, you can construct this antenna for portable operations or as a home station setup. Discover how to set up the antenna, improve its performance by raising it higher, and start making contacts with stations around the world. Watch a step-by-step guide on YouTube for building and testing this DIY ham radio antenna.

A simple superheterodyne receiver (3.5–30 MHz) for amateur radio achieves stable SSB-CW reception using modern BJTs, an AD831 mixer, a 6-pole quartz filter, and Seiler oscillators. Designed with high IF (4.5 MHz), compact AM-FM variable capacitors, and modular resonant circuits, it ensures selectivity, image rejection, and stable tuning. Built in a copper-lined wooden case, it features practical assembly techniques but lacks advanced features like AGC or S-meter. Effective on basic antennas, it achieves global reception.

A coaxial cable trap is a fundamental component in multiband antenna design, enabling a single radiator to resonate efficiently on multiple frequencies by electrically shortening or lengthening the antenna element. This project focuses on constructing such a trap for a vertical antenna operating on the 10 MHz (30m) and 14 MHz (20m) amateur bands, providing practical insights into its fabrication and integration. The article outlines the specific dimensions and winding techniques for the coaxial trap, emphasizing the use of readily available materials. It details the physical construction of the vertical element, including the mast and radiating sections, to achieve optimal performance across both target bands. The author shares personal experiences with similar trap designs, noting their effectiveness in previous horizontal dipole configurations. Key construction steps are illustrated with _original photos_, showing the assembly of the trap and its incorporation into the overall antenna structure. The design aims for a compact footprint, making it suitable for limited space installations while still delivering effective DX capabilities on the **30-meter** and **20-meter** bands.

Opting for a visually appealing inverted L configuration, G4WIF anchors the End Fed Half Wave antenna to an old clothes line pole, seeking cost-effectiveness in their endeavor. Despite initial misconceptions about transformer components, a £7.95 investment in a T240-43 toroid and DIY mounting container resolves the issue. Reflecting on commercial alternatives, G4WIF's homemade solution proves both economical and sufficient for their amateur radio needs.

This article describes the construction of a three-band vertical antenna for the WARC bands (10, 18, and 24.9 MHz). Unlike a previous design using thin wire requiring a complex matching device, this version uses a telescopic set of pipes, reducing reactances and simplifying the matching device to two coils and two capacitors. The article provides details on the antenna model, the matching device circuit, and tuning methods, including the use of frameless coils and variable capacitors. With proper tuning, the antenna achieves a VSWR not exceeding 1.3 across all bands, demonstrating a practical and efficient design for amateur radio enthusiasts.

Integrating a **160-meter vertical wire antenna** with an existing 80-meter Yagi system presents unique challenges for Top Band operation. This project outlines the author's experiences with seasonal antenna removal and reinstallation, a necessary task for agricultural land use. It details specific issues encountered, such as incorrect coil sizing and relay configuration problems, providing practical insights into common pitfalls. The article describes the iterative tuning process, comparing **NEC model** predictions with actual on-air performance. It emphasizes the importance of precise measurements and adjustments to achieve optimal resonance and impedance matching. The author shares lessons learned from troubleshooting, including the impact of ground system integrity and feedline considerations. Concluding with an antenna checkup, the resource addresses long-term maintenance aspects, including galvanic corrosion prevention and general upkeep for reliable operation.

Learn about the practical design and construction of Yagi antennas for ham radio operators. This post explores the benefits of Yagi antennas in receiving and transmitting RF signals, concentrating signal energy in one direction for long-distance communication. Discover the theory behind Yagi antennae, the importance of element size and spacing, and the resources available for sizing and construction. Whether you're interested in OTA television or amateur radio communication, understanding Yagi antenna design can enhance your signal reception and transmission capabilities.