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The W5GI Mystery Antenna is a versatile multi-band wire antenna designed for amateur radio operators. It covers frequencies from 80 meters to 6 meters, making it suitable for a wide range of operating conditions. The antenna features a low feed point impedance, allowing for easy matching with most radios, whether or not an antenna tuner is used. Its construction is straightforward, requiring only two vertical supports approximately 130 feet apart, making it ideal for hams without towers. Users have reported excellent performance, particularly on the 20-meter band, where it outperforms similar designs like the G5RV. This antenna is unique in its design, incorporating three half waves in-phase on 20 meters, resulting in a six-lobe radiation pattern. Despite its effective performance, the antenna is challenging to model, which adds to its mystique. The W5GI Mystery Antenna has gained popularity among amateur radio enthusiasts worldwide, with many users praising its ease of construction and effectiveness. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced operator, this antenna offers a fun and rewarding project that can enhance your HF capabilities.

A simple homebrew outdoor antenna to 2.4 GHz band.

An Easy Dual-Band VHF/UHF vertical Antenna made with a TV twin lead and coax cable

140 feet of insulated wire, the first half of which (70 feet) is space wound on an insulated tube.

Cb radio mods, Cobra, Uniden, Midland, Rci, Galaxy, Cherokee, Cap Mods, Mic Wiring

Here is the design of a 2.4 GHz antenna that is ideal for amateur satellite communications. This antenna is easy to assemble because the design itself tolerates inaccuracies in the construction without really affecting performance.

The 4-band Fritzel model FD4 is a special version of a Windom antenna. It is a half-wave long on the lowest frequency, and is fed from a coax cable through a transformer inserted in the wire at one-third from one end

Details the construction of a **multiband vertical** antenna, specifically designed for stealth operation in a rented property, covering 80m, 60m, 40m, and 30m. The author, N3OX, leverages a 12m Spiderbeam telescoping fiberglass pole as the primary support, noting its sturdiness compared to typical fishing rods while remaining light enough for quick deployment and takedown. The radiating element is a 14 gauge Flex-Weave wire, attached to the pole's top with a rubber grommet, and fed by 27 bare 18 gauge radials spread across a 40-foot square backyard. N3OX describes the impedance matching solution, opting for custom-built L-networks over a remote tuner to enable fast bandswitching. Using an MFJ-259B and EZNEC modeling, base impedances were measured and component values calculated with G4FGQ's L_TUNER and SOLNOID_3 programs. The 80m coil is wound on a 3.5-inch PVC form, while the 30m, 40m, and 60m coils are air-wound, self-supporting #10 wire. Variable capacitors are incorporated for 40m and 30m shunt elements, with the 60m impedance matched by a series inductor. The project includes a **servo-controlled** homebrew band switch, utilizing a two-pole 12-position ceramic wafer switch for remote operation, addressing the limited 80m bandwidth. The entire matching network is housed in a weather-resistant shelter constructed from lumber and aluminum flashing. N3OX reports good DX results at 100W, estimating the total cost between $150 and $250, depending on existing parts.

This resource details the fundamental aspects of deploying longwire antennas, emphasizing ease of construction and installation for shortwave listening (SWL) and broadcast reception. It covers wire gauge selection, suggesting 14 to 24 AWG for general use, with heavier gauges (14-20 AWG) for permanent outdoor installations. Guidance is provided for various deployment scenarios, including indoor setups where the wire can be run around a room, temporary outdoor installations from balconies using light 18-24 AWG wire, and permanent outdoor configurations requiring higher placement and slack for tree movement. Feeding methods are discussed, recommending coaxial cable (50-75 ohms) to mitigate man-made interference, with instructions for connecting only the center conductor to the longwire. Safety precautions are highlighted, particularly avoiding contact with power lines and conductive materials, and managing static electricity buildup by unplugging the antenna after use and bleeding off charges before connection. The article also advises against using outdoor longwires during thunderstorms or snowstorms due to static and lightning risks. Optimal height considerations are presented, advocating for the highest safe placement, ideally a couple of feet above underlying structures, to maintain free air space. The text mentions a personal setup with one end at a roof peak (20 feet) and the other at a 17-foot mast, illustrating practical deployment without strict height requirements beyond safety and clearance.

The **Extended Double Zepp** (EDZ) antenna, a simple wire design, is presented as a means to achieve 3-4 dB of gain on 10 meters, with an overall length of just 43 feet. This resource, authored by WB3HUZ, details several gain antennas suitable for the 29 MHz AM segment, all modeled using EZNEC software at 30 feet above ground. Other designs include a compact rectangular loop, offering more gain than the EDZ and a lower take-off angle, and the **Lazy H**, a bidirectional antenna providing 6 dB gain, which is also workable on 20, 17, 15, and 12 meters. The Bisquare, a diamond-shaped open-top loop, is also featured, providing approximately 4 dB gain and requiring only a single support. These designs are primarily fed with ladder line or open-wire line to simplify matching, though a coax feed option for the EDZ is shown for 10-meter-only operation. The Lazy H, for instance, requires about 16 feet of open-wire line for its half-wavelength elements spaced a half-wavelength apart. An enhanced EDZ Lazy H variant is also discussed, achieving an additional 1-2 dB gain by extending element length to 1.28 wavelengths and increasing spacing to 0.64-0.75 wavelengths. The Bisquare, while primarily a 10-meter antenna, can be adapted for 20 meters by closing the top connection.

Here is a sure fire way to make end-fed halfwave antennas fed with a 50 ohm coupler work - without long radials, grounds, chokes, voodoo.

This antenna makes 80 and 160 enjoyable. Less than $50 to hear Europeans all summer on the LF bands seems like a good deal if you have the space!

The page describes a Double-L antenna for 80 and 160 meters bands, designed by Don Toman, K2KQ, with a simple, effective, and ground system-free design. The antenna is a center-fed half-wave vertical with horizontal top and bottom sections, providing good performance without the need for an elaborate ground system.

Schema of a self made balun used to match randmon wire antennas, mainly for shortwave listening pourposes, in italian

Details the construction of a J-vertical antenna specifically for the 10-meter band, offering a practical alternative to a _Slim Jim_ design for 28 MHz. The resource outlines the use of aluminum tubing for the half-wave vertical section and coaxial cable for the quarter-wave matching section, providing specific calculations for element lengths based on frequency and coaxial cable velocity factor. It contrasts the performance of the J-vertical with center-fed dipoles and end-fed verticals, noting superior results in previous comparisons. The article further presents a more recent iteration of the J-vertical, constructed using a fiberglass pole and insulated wire, with updated dimensions for 28.8 MHz. It includes practical advice on weatherproofing connections and securing the antenna for durability against adverse conditions, referencing the survival of an original _J Vertical_ during 110 MPH winds in 1987. The SWR performance is reported as 1.1:1 at 28.6 MHz, maintaining below 1.5:1 across 28.3 to 29 MHz.

The boomless quad antenna is a unique design that offers versatility for amateur radio operators. This antenna consists of two half-wave dipoles arranged in a square or circular shape, allowing for both vertical and horizontal polarization depending on the feed point. The design facilitates easy installation and rotation, making it suitable for various operating conditions. The construction utilizes strong materials, such as bamboo, and incorporates waterproofing techniques to enhance durability. This project outlines the necessary dimensions and materials, including copper wire and insulators, to successfully build the antenna. It emphasizes the importance of tuning each radiator element for optimal performance. The boomless quad is particularly effective across multiple HF bands, including 14 MHz, 21 MHz, and 28 MHz. By following the detailed instructions, operators can achieve a reliable and efficient antenna setup that enhances their DXing and contesting capabilities.

DigiPan provides a panoramic display of the frequency spectrum in the form of an active dial scale extending the full width of the computer screen. DigiPan is the result of a joint effort between myself and Nick Fedoseev, UT2UZ, the author of MIXW32, and is intended to make PSK31 operation easier and more enjoyable for everyone. You can download digipan 2.0 for windows form here.

A 9 dB gain 70cm collinear antenna construction is detailed, utilizing eight half-wavelength sections of _RG58/U_ coaxial cable. The design incorporates specific calculations for velocity factor (0.66 for RG58/U) to determine precise element lengths, such as 223mm for a half-wavelength at 444 MHz. A quarter-wave radiating element of #16 solid wire, 169mm long, is added to the top, and a 160mm aluminum tube acts as a quarter-wave counterpoise at the feed point. RF choke baluns, constructed from three _FT50-43_ toroids, are positioned a half-wavelength from the feed point to mitigate common mode current. Assembly involves soldering the coax sections in series, followed by SWR testing during construction and final mounting within a ¾-inch PVC pipe. The article suggests using four half-wave elements for a shorter antenna, noting a potential slight increase in SWR, which can be mitigated with quarter-wave ground radials. The design principles and formulas are scalable for other VHF/UHF bands like 6m, 2m, or 1¼m, providing a versatile homebrew solution for enhanced gain.

SysLabs RadioControl is a software platform for radio device control and application development. It operates on _Windows_ versions from Windows 95 and Windows NT 4.0 through _Windows 11_. The software is available in Lite, Standard, and Professional editions, each including Frontpanel for direct radio control, a Frequency Database for management, and a Memory File for channel operations. Features include frequency identification, memory scanning, and graphical spectrum views with bitmap export capability. The Professional Edition supports multi-device control and utilizes radio device-internal scanners, achieving scan rates of **40-60 steps per second** compared to the RadioControl-internal scanner's **10-20 steps per second**. Supported devices for internal scanning include AOR AR-5000, AR-8200, AR-8600, AR-ONE, R&S EB200, and various Icom receivers and transceivers. RadioControl supports older devices such as ICOM IC-R71, IC-R7000, IC-706, IC-735, YAESU FRG-8800, and FRG-9600, extending their control capabilities. The platform offers APIs for integration and supports import/export with formats from VisualRadio, SCANcontrol, shoc Radio Manager, WiNRADiO, AOR ACEPAC-3A, as well as generic Text, CSV, and HTML. DXZone Focus: Radio Control | Windows | Frequency Management | API

A free application that displays location information determined from a callsign, displays translations of common "QSO words and phrases" in the languages used in the callsign's DXCC entity, displays beam headings and SpotCollector DX Spots on a world map, displays country maps, and provides point-and-click control of antenna rotators from AlfaSpid, ARSWIN, Heath, Hygain, M2, Prosistel, SARTek, TIC, Trackbox, and Yaesu

PinPointAPRS offers a modern APRS solution with unique features for tracking and communicating with people using Ham Radio equipment. It is free for individual use and can be used as a tactical communications tool during emergencies. The software does not require an internet connection and is self-contained, making it versatile for various scenarios.

Explains what amateur radio entails, detailing its dual role as a hobby and a public service, enabling communication among licensed operators using diverse radio equipment for self-training, recreation, and public service. It clarifies that ham radio operators require a government license, regulated globally by the ITU via the IARU, and outlines the privileges and responsibilities that come with operating an amateur radio station, including restrictions against commercial use and broadcasting to the general public. The resource then enumerates various activities hams engage in, such as worldwide HF communication, local VHF/UHF contacts, QRP operation, Packet Radio, Amateur Television, Slow Scan TV, contesting, and satellite communications. It also covers emergency and volunteer services, traffic handling, and the process of becoming a licensed amateur radio operator in the United States, mentioning local clubs, Elmers, and self-study as preparation methods for the FCC multiple-choice test.

Hear VLF audio from NASA online VLF radio receiver in Huntsville, Alabama.

End-Fed Half-Wave Antenna for the 7 or 10 MHZ amateur bands intended to provide a very simple to erect yet effective portable QRP antenna.

Glen Martin manufactures aluminum and steel amateur antenna self-supporting and telescoping towers, mounts, masts, thrust bearings and accessories.

Demonstrates RadioComm, a freeware Icom transceiver/receiver controller program for Windows, which facilitates memory programming, spectrum analysis, and interfacing with extensive frequency databases. The software allows users to program their Icom radio's memory, generate radio-frequency spectra, and connect the radio to a computer-based frequency database. It supports various Icom models, offering bidirectional control where virtual controls mirror the transceiver's physical controls and vice versa. The program's spectrum analysis feature, exemplified by tuning the WWV time standard at 15 MHz, provides insights into the AM passband, a capability often found in high-end Icom transceivers. While RadioComm offers these functionalities, the author, Paul Lutus, notes that it has been superseded by JRX (a virtual radio) and IcomProgrammer II (a memory programming utility), which are described as superior and compatible with more platforms. RadioComm is available as a 516 KB self-extracting executable, requiring an Icom CT-17 RS-232 interface box for radios that need it. Users can also customize the plain-text database to include unsupported Icom models. However, the author explicitly states that no user support is provided for this free program.

The end-fed halfwave antenna is a resonant half wavelength long antenna like a dipole antenna except for it is fed at its end rather then in the center. This antenna is as old as radio and is probably best known as the Zepp Antenna

Determining the actual need for an antenna tuner often hinges on the specific antenna and feed line configuration in use. While many hams believe a tuner is always essential, its primary role is to present a 50-ohm impedance to the transceiver, not to "tune" the antenna itself. For instance, a resonant dipole fed with _coaxial cable_ at its design frequency typically requires no tuner, as the feed line impedance closely matches the radio's output. However, operating a non-resonant antenna, or using a resonant antenna on multiple bands, frequently necessitates a tuner to manage high Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) on the feed line. The article clarifies that a tuner placed at the transceiver only matches the radio to the feed line, not the antenna to the feed line. For maximum efficiency with a non-resonant antenna, an _automatic antenna tuner_ (ATU) or a remote tuner placed at the antenna feed point is often more effective, minimizing losses in the feed line. The discussion also touches on the practical implications of SWR, noting that modern transceivers often fold back power at high SWR, making a tuner a practical necessity to achieve full output power, even if the antenna itself is not perfectly matched.

End-Fed antennas are NOT balanced systems; but neither are verticals, ground planes, discones, windoms, zepps, Marconis, half-slopers, et al. Additionally, the low-impedance antenna port of your transmitter/receiver is not balanced.

The HB9CV-Beam is a 2-Element-Yagi with two driven elements and was introduced by Rudolf Baumgartner, HB9CV in the 1950ies. This beam antenna is a coax-feeded version of the ZL-Special construction by DK7ZB for 2m, 6m and 10m

Presents a web-based DX cluster interface, F5LEN Webcluster, which functions as a member node within the broader European DX Cluster network. It displays current DX spots across a wide range of amateur radio bands, from VLF through SHF, including specific bands like 1.8 MHz, 144 MHz, and 10 GHz, as well as satellite operations on QO-100. The service offers filtering options for various modes and activities, such as CW, QRP, IOTA, and specific VHF/UHF bands. Operators can access real-time propagation data, including Solar Flux Index (SFI), Sunspot Number (SSN), Kp index, and Auroral activity (Au), alongside tools for solar forecasts and tropospheric ducting predictions. The platform facilitates DX spotting by providing a centralized point for sharing and viewing contact information, aiding in DX hunting and contest operations. It also includes links to an Atlas, Sun tools, and a mobile version for portable access.

If you want a top-performance VHF/UHF Long Yagi, you will probably have to build it yourself.

Program for amateur radio digital communications via a sound card. Supported modes are RTTY (Baudot code), ASCII (7 or 8 bits), PSK31 (BPSK and QPSK) and AMTOR-FEC (SITOR-B, NAVTEX). SELFEC SITOR decoding is possible also. No additional hardware required, need only a sound card. Optionally you can use simple circuit fo PTT-control. Can cooperate with RZ4AG AAlog logger.

This compact 160m antenna is a half-wave dipole with a vertical section. It requires no radials and has worked well for me.

A self-supporting vertical antenna design for stationary-mobile HF-VHF operation is presented, emphasizing ease of construction with common materials like a fiberglass fishing rod and PVC pipe. The design focuses on creating a set of no-tuner monoband radiators for bands such as **2m**, **6m**, 10m, and 12m, with an overall radiator support length of 3.3m. The construction process details the assembly of the antenna base using a magnetic mount, PL-259 connector, and PVC pipe sections, which then supports the telescopic fishing rod. Radiator extensions are cut to achieve quarter-wave resonance on specific bands, with detailed instructions for 6m (50-51 MHz), 10m (28.5 MHz), and 12m (24.9 MHz). For lower HF bands like 15m, 17m, and 20m, the design incorporates base-loading coils, with specific turn counts provided (e.g., 21 turns for 20m). The project also suggests using an _antenna analyzer_ for precise tuning of extensions and coils, moving beyond theoretical values to achieve optimal performance. The author, _IK1ZYW_, notes that for 80m and 160m, the antenna becomes less efficient as a vertical, suggesting alternative configurations like an inverted-V dipole or asymmetrical inverted-L.

The G3TPW CobWebb antenna design provides a compact, horizontally polarized, omni-directional solution for 20m, 17m, 15m, 12m, and 10m bands. This antenna utilizes five full-size half-wave dipoles, each bent into a square configuration to achieve omni-directional radiation without the nulls typically found in straight dipoles. The design incorporates a single 50-ohm coaxial feedline with an integrated air-core choke balun, minimizing feeder radiation and reducing EMC issues. Construction details include using PVC-covered multi-stranded copper twin cable for elements, supported by a fiberglass cross. The document specifies tapping points for impedance matching to 50 ohms on all five bands, ensuring high radiation efficiency without lossy traps or loading coils. Physical dimensions are compact, with 2.6-meter (8.5 feet) sides and a total weight of 6 kg (14 lbs), making it suitable for mounting on a 20-foot aluminum scaffold pole. Detailed instructions for assembling the junction box, including terminal strip wiring and the coaxial choke balun, are provided with photographs and diagrams. The design emphasizes a confined electric field to reduce coupling to nearby conductors, which helps mitigate TVI and makes the antenna less sensitive to mounting height or ground conductivity.

Demonstrates the construction of a **remote antenna tuner** utilizing a standard radio-controlled (RC) servo mechanism to adjust a variable capacitor. The design focuses on enabling remote tuning for narrow-bandwidth antennas, specifically mentioning frame and packing crate antennas, from within the shack. It covers the mechanical arrangement for integrating the servo with a capacitor and provides a circuit diagram for a control unit that generates the necessary 0.5mS to 1.5mS pulse-width modulation (PWM) signals to drive the servo's 180-degree rotation. This setup was successfully tested with up to 20 watts RF power without arcing or adverse effects on the servo, though tuning was performed at 1 watt for VSWR readings. The resource highlights the use of inexpensive, readily available components, such as Futaba servos, and details critical considerations like power supply decoupling with a 47uF capacitor to prevent unintended servo movement upon power-off. The system provides a practical solution for optimizing antenna performance for specific frequencies without manual adjustment at the antenna itself.

For amateur radio operators utilizing _APRS_ or requiring an external antenna for their GPS receiver, this resource details the construction of a compact, circularly polarized mobile antenna. The design is based on a classic turnstile configuration, employing two dipoles rotated 90° from each other and spaced a quarter-wavelength above a ground plane. A parallel-plate transmission line, fabricated from printed circuit board material, serves as both the connection method and mounting post for the dipoles, simplifying the feed network for circular polarization at 1.57542 GHz. The article outlines the fabrication process, starting with a 4-inch diameter hobby tin or brass base plate and #14 solid copper wire elements. It specifies using _RG-58/U_ or similar 50-ohm coax, with an 8-foot maximum length to minimize loss at the GPS frequency. The parallel-plate transmission line is constructed from two 2-inch lengths of single-sided _FR-4_ or G10 PCB material, 0.062-inch thick, with a specific 45° microwave turn cut on the active side. Final assembly involves an 8-ounce cream cheese container as a radome, and the article discusses the self-phased quadrature feed method to achieve circular polarization without a coaxial phasing line, resulting in an omnidirectional pattern suitable for GPS satellite reception.

Official AT Web Site, based in Italy

A dual-bander for 80M and 40m. An Extended Double Zepp (EDZ) is a 5/4 wavelength center-fed dipole. This article will introduce the Half-Extended Double Zepp (HEDZ) which has characteristics that a lot of amateur radio operators should find quite interesting

Manufacturer of self supporting towers. 10 to 200 feet. Residential, commercial, Wi-Fi, safety and communication.

A program to design and print QSL cards on your computer, as well as design QSL cards for printing by commercial printers. This program overcomes many of the limitations that are present in other QSL design and print programs and methods. Works on Windows 7 to 10.

One is an EFHWA for 20-40 meters, and the other is a matching unit for the antenna by n0lx

WSJT-X, a creation of K1JT, offers specialized digital protocols meticulously optimized for challenging propagation paths such as EME (moonbounce), meteor scatter, and ionospheric scatter. This software excels at VHF/UHF frequencies, and also provides robust performance for LF, MF, and HF DXing, enabling contacts far below the audible threshold. The program decodes signals from ionized meteor trails and steady signals more than 10 dB below the audible threshold, a testament to its advanced digital signal processing. It integrates nearly all popular features from its predecessors, WSJT and WSPR, while adding comprehensive rig control and numerous other enhancements for the serious weak signal operator. Available for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X, WSJT-X is an open-source project, allowing hams worldwide to download the latest versions and engage in cutting-edge weak signal communication.

Located in Big Bear City, CA (Shay Meadow). Streaming 24/7 since 2002 the Big Bear Scanner is providing the latest realtime audio from Big Bear City Fire, San Benardino National Forest, CalFire, San Bernardino County Fire, CHP, Lake Patrol, and much more!

Journal is a **freeware logbook software** designed for Windows operating systems, providing amateur radio operators with a robust tool for managing their contacts. It supports both real-time logging during a QSO and post-event data entry, allowing flexibility for different operating styles. The software facilitates the creation of QSL cards and address labels directly from logged data, streamlining the QSLing process. Additionally, it can generate log sheets specifically formatted for the RSGB VHF-UHF-SHF Competition, which is beneficial for contesters. Derek, G7LFC, developed Journal to be Year 2000 compliant, ensuring its longevity and reliability for logging contacts across different eras. The program supports various operating modes, making it versatile for general DXing, contesting, and everyday ragchewing. Its ability to produce competition-specific logs and QSL materials makes it a practical utility for active operators.

Over 30 distinct shortwave (SW) receiver models are reviewed, offering insights into their performance, features, and user experiences. These evaluations, contributed by readers of the Usenet newsgroup **Rec.radio.shortwave**, cover a wide array of portable and tabletop radios, including popular units like the Grundig YB-400, Sony ICF-SW77, and various Realistic DX series models. Each review details aspects such as frequency range, tuning steps, SSB functionality, antenna performance, and construction quality, often comparing them to other receivers or ham transceivers like the Icom 725. For instance, the Grundig YB-400 review highlights its 144-30000 kHz AM/SSB coverage, direct keypad entry, and 40 station memories, noting its useful narrow bandwidth and tone switch for adjacent signal separation. It also discusses the **SSB mode** stability and the limitations of its 1 kHz frequency resolution for precise zero-beating. The review further details antenna performance, including the effectiveness of the built-in whip, the provided 7m reel antenna, and the potential for overload with larger outdoor antennas. Other reviews delve into specific issues, such as the Sony ICF-SW77's frequency display inaccuracies and timer malfunctions, or the Realistic DX-342's compact size and surprisingly good MW DXing capabilities despite its analog tuning. The collection provides practical, user-generated feedback on sensitivity, selectivity, audio quality, and ergonomic features, helping shortwave listeners understand the real-world performance and quirks of these receivers.

Arrl document about invisible antennas and indoor systems. It is important to consider that few compromise antennas are capable of delivering the performance one can expect from the full-size variety. But the patient and skillful operator can often do as well as some fellows who are equipped with high power and full-size antennas. The "cliff-dweller" may not be able to "bore a hole" in the band as often, and as easily, but DX can be worked successfully when band conditions are suitable.

Demonstrates the construction and on-air performance of the _NB6Zep_ antenna, a modified 20-meter Extended Double Zepp design optimized for multi-band operation from 40 through 10 meters. The resource covers basic design principles, including dimensions of 66 feet horizontal and 5 feet vertical elements, and specifies open ladder line or TV twin lead for the transmission line. It details material selection for low-cost wire antenna construction, such as 18 AWG wire for the legs and ceramic or plastic insulators, along with practical tips for soldering connections and insulating against moisture. The author, NB6Z, shares insights from extensive _EZNEC_ modeling to optimize the antenna's total length for a 40-meter half-wave dipole footprint and feed line length for direct tuner connection. The article presents field results, including successful _PSK31_ contacts from Oregon to the East Coast on 40 and 30 meters with 50 watts, even at a low height of 6 feet. It provides detailed performance characteristics for each band, noting the _NB6Zep_'s highest gain (over 3 dB) and sharp, medium-angle lobes on 20 meters, which yielded strong DX reports to locations like Korea, Japan, and Argentina. For 17 and 15 meters, it describes a butterfly-like pattern with broad lobes, while 12 and 10 meters exhibit narrow, directional lobes in an "X" configuration. The author also shares personal experiences operating successfully for over a decade in an antenna-restricted environment using the NB6Zep and other stealth wire antennas.

The Bruce array is a simple, often-forgotten wire antenna array that is advantageous for 80 and 160 meters, where typical gain antennas are very large. This bi-directional broadside vertical array is only 1\4 lambda high and does not require a ground system. It offers substantially greater SWR bandwidth than the half-square or bobtail curtain. A 4-element Bruce array used by N6LF showed a gain of about 4.6 dB compared to a 1\4 lambda vertical with 8 elevated radials, with a 2:1 SWR bandwidth greater than 400 kHz. The antenna is simple and its dimensions are flexible.