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This page show a list of repeaters in north america transmitting from 28 MHz to 29 MHz. The most of them are in the 29.620 to 29.700 frequency range. Some repeaters may be active and on the air while others may not

Extend frequency coverage on the Kenwood TS-680S transceiver

This page provides construction details for a 4-element 10-meter Yagi antenna with 28 Ohm impedance. It includes information on the elements, positions, diagrams, and data related to frequency, gain, front-to-rear ratio, radiation resistance, SWR, and loss. The content is aimed at hams or radio operators interested in building and optimizing Yagi antennas for the 10-meter band.

This project delves into the development of a compact WSPR beacon, building on earlier experiences with weak-signal modes. Inspired by QRP Labs kits and modified open source designs, it integrates a Si5351 frequency generator, GPS module, and class E PA for efficient operation. Extensive optimizations—addressing drift, heat management, and power stability culminated in a portable, serviceable device. The beacon offers insights into propagation while minimizing reliance on main station equipment. Lessons learned highlight the importance of careful component selection and iterative design improvements for robust amateur radio experimentation.

The most basic form of repeater receives communication on one frequency and re-transmits it on a different frequency, a process known as duplex communication. This capability significantly extends the range of handheld and mobile radios, as repeaters are typically situated at elevated locations with high-gain antennas and greater transmit power. Repeaters commonly operate with FM modulation on the VHF (30 MHz – 300 MHz) and UHF (300 MHz – 3 GHz) amateur bands, which are ideal for portable and mobile devices. Access to repeaters is often controlled by a CTCSS or PL tone, an inaudible signal that prevents the repeater from retransmitting background noise. This mechanism ensures efficient use of the frequency and prevents illegal continuous transmission. Canadian regulations, for instance, require an Advanced amateur radio license and an available frequency within the band to set up a repeater, each assigned a unique call sign and transmit frequency. Configuring a radio for repeater use involves knowing the repeater's transmit frequency, its receive frequency offset (e.g., -600 KHz for VHF or +5 MHz for UHF), and the necessary CTCSS tone. The article references resources like Repeater Book for locating repeaters and provides practical examples for initiating and concluding a basic repeater session, emphasizing clear identification and concise communication.

An online inductive reactance calculator, accepts as input Frequency and Inductance

The Dipole Bazooka Antenna for 40 meters is a popular choice among amateur radio operators. Its design allows for easy construction using materials like RG58 coaxial cable and PVC. Measurements are calculated using specific formulas; for instance, at a frequency of 7,100 MHz, the total length is approximately 19.74 meters. This antenna offers a performance range of 97% to 99%, with an impedance of 49 to 52 ohms. Additionally, it can handle up to 1 kW of power and requires no modifications for connection.

The QRP Cluster provides a dedicated platform for _QRP_ (low power) amateur radio operators to self-spot their on-air activity. This web-based service allows users to post real-time information about their current operating frequency, modulation mode, equipment used, and transmit power. It facilitates QRP-to-QRP contacts and helps other low-power stations locate active QRP signals across various bands. Unlike general DX clusters, the QRP Cluster focuses exclusively on low-power operations, fostering a community for QRP enthusiasts. It enables operators to share details such as **5 watts** or less output, often specifying antenna types or unique portable setups. The platform supports the discovery of QRP stations for casual QSOs, contests, and award hunting, enhancing visibility for stations that might otherwise be overlooked on higher-power clusters.

This project describes the construction of a W3HH (T2FD) antenna for HF bands (3-30 MHz). While less efficient than a tuned dipole, it offers broad frequency coverage with a maximum SWR of 3.4 and reduces QRM (noise) significantly. On the 80-meter band, it shows slightly weaker signals than a dipole but with improved signal-to-noise ratio. The design includes non-inductive resistors, a 13:1 balun, and a "frog ladder" transmission line. Though not a high-performance antenna, it is compact and versatile, making it ideal for wide-band HF communication. Article in French

Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) has always been a source of concern for the Radio Amateur. Until the recent introduction of complex circuitry in the home, our communications gear has been the main source of potential RFI. In this computerized age of ours, increasingly complex and sensitive receivers are being barraged by these and other sources of RFI.

The 8m ISM band, a unique frequency range between 10m and 6m, holds potential for amateur radio enthusiasts, yet it remains largely unallocated. This spectrum offers fertile ground for research and self-training. The author's experience with low-power transmissions and WSPR testing highlights the band's capabilities and the need for a narrow, speech-free amateur allocation to encourage experimentation. Discover the world of 8m ISM radio exploration and its future possibilities.

Unveil the secrets of efficient Magnetic Loop Antenna control systems, eliminating the hassle of frequent retuning. With real-time tracking and compatibility with various transceivers, including popular models from Elecraft, ICOM, Kenwood, and Yaesu, this controller ensures seamless frequency adjustment. Explore its high-resolution stepper motor and versatile communication capabilities, revolutionizing amateur radio operation.

This article focus on the radiation angle of vertical antennas and the fundamentals of electromagnetic wave propagation. The calculation of antenna length at 145 MHz is followed by an explanation of electromagnetic wave speed and the link between wavelength, frequency, and velocity. Author discusses the 5/8th wave vertical antenna, namely its performance and the influence of radiation angle on signal transmission. Figures and analogies demonstrate how different antenna types produce distinct radiation patterns. This highlights the importance of selecting the right antenna for a certain purpose, such as local traffic or dxing. The article discusses a variety of factors that affect antenna performance, including SWR, propagation conditions, and equipment dependability

Chokes and isolation transformers are essential for receiving antennas to mitigate common mode current, which induces noise and interferes with signal quality. Common mode chokes, formed by winding feedline through ferrite cores, block unwanted current effectively. Proper selection of core material and winding turns ensures resonance near the operating frequency, reducing interference. Isolation transformers further minimize interference, crucial for multi-transmitter stations.

During radio's early days, high frequencies were under 30 MHz due to technical limitations. As understanding grew, components improved, allowing for higher frequencies like VHF and UHF up to 3 GHz. The HF band's long wavelengths provide unique propagation challenges influenced by solar activity. VHF and UHF bands face diffraction and reflection issues but offer diverse applications, from amateur radio to 5G and GPS technologies.

This article explores the nuanced design challenges of Band Pass Filters (BPF) in radio receivers, balancing low insertion loss, high stop band rejection, and narrow bandwidth. The focus is on the "Series-Trap, Shunt-C" topology, resonator count impact, and meticulous layout design for superior stop band performance across various frequency bands

Measuring the Frequency Accuracy and Stability of WWV and WWVH by Michael A. Lombardi. An examination of just how accurate these frequency standard stations are.

Learn how to design a Hentenna antenna, a portable asymmetrical double-loop antenna ideal for amateur HF or VHF bands. This page provides details on constructing and optimizing the antenna for maximum performance in DX communications. Discover how altering the antenna's vertical feed section can adjust the VSWR resonant frequency and how changing the support pole's position can alter the beam direction. Originally developed by Japanese 6-meter operators, the 'Hentenna' offers a unique design that allows for horizontal polarization when vertically oriented. Explore radiation patterns, VSWR charts, and antenna currents diagrams to optimize your antenna's performance for long-distance contacts.

The recognition of telegraphy masked by noise at 40 and 80 signs/min telegraphy speed was studied in 10 normal-hearing subjects at different sound pressure levels (25-85 dB SPL in steps of 5 dB) as well as at different test frequencies (2000, 1000, 800, 630, 500 and 250 Hz). The ability to recognize the signs varied with varying SPL. Recognition for most of the subjects was best at an SPL close to 70 dB. All subjects improved their recognition as the frequency was lowered to 500 Hz, some even at 250 Hz. These facts should be taken into consideration when training telegraphy operators as well as in the construction of radio receivers to permit listening at low frequencies. Furthermore, the critical ratio was calculated at the different test frequencies.

SWList iOS App, provides access to the EiBi list for discovering and identifying shortwave radio stations, curated by Eike Bierwirth. It offers four search methods: by frequency, radio band, station name, or language. Users can view detailed station information and map locations if available, with support for both light and dark modes.

The CAT (Computer Aided Transceiver) System in the FT-950 transceiver provides control of frequency, VFO, memory, and other settings such as dual-channel memo- ries and diversity reception using an external personal computer. This allows multiple control operations to be fully automated as single mouse clicks or keystroke op- erations on the computer keyboard.

A UHF Frequency Counter up to 1 GHz, includes the Block Diagram , test sketch for Arduino/Genuino Nano

The article discusses the use of SDR# (SDR SHARP) software for SDR receivers, highlighting its Band Plan feature that visually represents RF spectrum allocations. The author modified SDR# to display detailed IARU HF band plans, creating three XML files for different IARU regions. These files include various operational modes and specific frequency allocations. Despite potential errors, the modifications aim to enhance the usability of SDR# for ham radio operators. The article includes references and download links for the XML files and IARU band plans.

Horn Antenna - The energy of the beam when slowly transform into radiation, the losses are reduced and the focussing of the beam improves. A Horn antenna may be considered as a flared out wave guide, by which the directivity is improved and the diffraction is reduced. One of the first horn antennas was constructed in 1897 by Bengali-Indian radio researcher Jagadish Chandra Bose in his pioneering experiments with microwaves. The modern horn antenna was invented independently in 1938 by Wilmer Barrow and G. C. Southworth. This Horn model antenna is suitable employed in the UHF or SHF radio bands. Making this horn model antenna it will be easy for a beginner to make if it works in the 10GHz frequency, because small dimensions so it is not so difficult and also offers gain up to 25dBi.

Morsle.fun is a user-friendly web application designed for practicing Morse code reception by guessing transmitted text, which can be either words or call signs. Users can adjust the volume and tone frequency of the Morse code playback. The application tracks performance and generates activity statistics. Call signs are typically more complex than words, containing up to six characters and at least one digit. Users can practice Morse code at speeds ranging from 10 to 60 wpm.

In this study, the author builds upon Muncy's research, demonstrating that radio-frequency current on cable shields affects audio systems through the "pin 1 problem" and shield-current-induced noise (SCIN). An enhanced equivalent circuit for ferrite chokes is proposed, addressing dimensional resonance and inductor self-resonance. Field tests confirm that chokes reduce interference across 500 kHz to 1,000 MHz. Guidelines for diagnosing and mitigating EMI from various sources are provided for product development and field installations.

This article describes an HF upconverter for the FunCube Dongle Pro. Designed for radio amateurs, the converter extends reception capabilities to lower frequencies (0 Hz to 30 MHz) by mixing them with a higher oscillator frequency (100 MHz). This translates the desired signal into a range detectable by the FunCube Dongle (64 to 1,700 MHz). Key components include a double-balanced mixer and a low-pass filter to suppress unwanted signals. The project provides schematics, filter specifications, and design considerations for construction.

OM0ET manufacture high capacity variable air capacitor and tuning unit designed for Magloop antennas. OM0ET explains features and benefits of this antenna, such as easy assembly, wide frequency range, and improved efficiency. Ideal antenna setup for indoor or outdoor use, offering better QSO performance and radio listening experience. The author, identified as OM0ET, shares insights on the design and functionality of the equipment, making it a valuable antenna for portable operations.

This article published on QEX details measurements of tree conductivity and permittivity at HF frequencies, addressing a long-debated topic in amateur radio. N6LF conducted experimental impedance measurements on Douglas fir and maple trees using a vector network analyzer with rings of nails inserted into tree trunks. Results showed that tree conductivity increases with frequency while relative permittivity decreases, similar to soil characteristics. Measured conductivity ranged from 0.06 to 0.4 S/m at 10 MHz, aligning with values used in previous research. These findings validate that NEC modeling can reliably estimate trees' substantial impact on HF antenna performance.

Operating on the HF and VHF bands, the URE WebCluster serves as a real-time DX spotting network for amateur radio operators. It aggregates DX spots from various sources, presenting them with detailed information such as DX callsign, frequency, mode, and spotter details. The platform integrates essential propagation data, including current solar indices like _K-index_ and _A-index_, alongside visual propagation maps, which are crucial for planning long-distance contacts. Users can submit new DX spots, contributing to the collective intelligence of the amateur radio community, and filter existing spots by band, mode, or callsign, enhancing operational efficiency. This resource enables operators to monitor band openings and identify active DX stations, significantly aiding in _DXCC_ pursuit and contest operations. The integration of solar-terrestrial data directly within the cluster interface allows for immediate correlation between propagation conditions and observed DX activity, a feature not universally present in all web clusters. By providing both raw spot data and contextual propagation information, the URE WebCluster offers a practical tool for real-time decision-making during operating sessions, allowing hams to quickly adapt to changing band conditions and target specific _DX_ entities.

Compare the efficiency of two HF (or VHF) antennas by simultaneously transmitting FT8 on nearly the same frequency and analyzing PSKReporter SNR data. Determine the effectiveness of your new antenna compared to the old one in dB, to several decimal places. Run FT8 on two transmitters with different call signs and equal power, connected to each antenna. AntennaCompare analyzes global signal reports, isolating antenna performance.

This document provides a comprehensive guide on purchasing high-frequency (HF) high-power amplifiers, discussing key considerations such as new versus used models, tube versus solid-state technology, and troubleshooting common issues. It emphasizes the importance of understanding power needs for activities like DX chasing and contesting, alongside practical tips for selecting and maintaining amplifiers to ensure reliability and performance in various conditions.

Effective suppression of harmonics and parasitic radiation from HF transmitters is crucial, especially with the increasing sensitivity of VHF/UHF radio channels to interference. This project details a hybrid low-pass filter (LPF) designed to operate across the HF bands up to 51 MHz, making it suitable for 6-meter band operations while providing deep VHF/UHF suppression. The design addresses the challenge of modern interference landscapes, where even microvolt-level signals can disrupt wireless sensors and other simple VHF/UHF receivers. The filter utilizes a single elliptic link, combining high cutoff steepness with robust suppression in the hundreds of megahertz range. A key feature is the use of only two standard capacitor values, simplifying construction and component sourcing. The article provides a detailed schematic, performance characteristics, and _RFSim99_ model file, demonstrating a reflection coefficient S11 below 0.017 (VSWR < 1.03) across 1-51 MHz, ensuring minimal degradation to the antenna system. Construction notes include coil winding specifications and capacitor selection guidance, with recommendations for _FR-4_ assembly. Two capacitor sets are presented, with the first variant recommended for its lower RF current demands, keeping currents below 3 A at 1 kW passing power at 51 MHz. Fine-tuning involves adjusting frameless coils, with considerations for capacitor tolerance and high-frequency capacitance measurement accuracy.

The MSF radio signal is a dedicated standard-frequency and time broadcast that provides an accurate and reliable source of UK civil time. It is available 24 hours a day across the whole of the UK and beyond. The signal operates on a frequency of 60 kHz and carries a time and date code that can be received and decoded by a wide range of readily-available radio-controlled clocks.

Spectrogram, a PC-based audio frequency spectrum analyzer available from Visualization Software, aids ham radio enthusiasts in aligning receivers like Elecraft K2. Versions are downloadable, with an intuitive interface and customizable parameters. Tutorials by experts like Tom Hammond and John Grebenkemper offer additional guidance.

The UV-K5 HF Fullband receive firmware version 0.3 introduces enhanced SSB capabilities using the SI4732-A10 chip. Released separately from UV-K5 CEC firmware, it offers improved HF reception, mode changes, frequency fine-tuning, and user modifications. New PCB designs and detailed usage instructions are included.

Learn how LoRa mode can be used for APRS and connected mode packet radio, offering low power and long-range communication. Discover the growing popularity of LoRa-only APRS devices and the use of LoRa boards from manufacturers like Lilygo, Heltec, and RAK. Find out about firmware options like Ricardo Guzman's CA2RXU firmware, which incorporates previous work and offers KISS for external APRS clients. Explore LoRa APRS frequency and modulation settings in the UK, and consider adding CA2RXU firmware to lora-aprs.live for more radio-specific information. Dive into the world of LoRa technology for ham radio operators and experiment with different firmware options.

NIST radio station WWV broadcasts time and frequency information 24 hours per day, 7 days per week to millions of listeners worldwide. WWV is located near Fort Collins, Colorado, about 100 kilometers north of Denver. The broadcast information includes time announcements, standard time intervals, standard frequencies, UT1 time corrections, a BCD time code, and geophysical alerts

FT-240 toroids measurements. The data was measured using well-calibrated HP instrumentation. All plots have been adjusted to a frequency range of 1-100 MHz on the horizontal axis and a resistance/impedance range of 10-1,000 ohms on the vertical axis. This adjustment facilitates comparison among different materials and aids in determining their suitability for use on the HF ham bands.

When new to the 2-meter FM transceiver, securing a quiet frequency for chatter seems straightforward, but it's essential to navigate FCC rules and band plans effectively. Even though frequency allocations are consistent above 50 MHz for Technician licenses, adherence to specific segments within the 2m band—ranging from 144 MHz to 148 MHz—is crucial. This includes respecting designations for different modes like CW, SSB, and FM to prevent interference, particularly with satellites and exotic modes like EME. Understanding and following the structured band plans not only ensures legal compliance but also optimizes frequency use and minimizes disruptions in the amateur radio community.

Demonstrates the application of Software-Defined Radios (SDRs) as effective tools for conducting Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) site surveys. The resource details the methodology for capturing and analyzing RFI, specifically focusing on the 80-meter band over a 24-hour period. It outlines the setup of an SDR-based survey tool, utilizing software like _S-Meter Lite_ and _Spectrum Lab_ to visualize and quantify noise sources. The article emphasizes the SDR's wideband capabilities, which allow for comprehensive identification and documentation of RFI across broad frequency ranges, crucial for effective mitigation strategies. The analysis presents practical results, illustrating how continuous monitoring can reveal intermittent RFI sources that might otherwise go undetected. For instance, the survey identified noise peaks exceeding **S9+20dB** on 80 meters during specific hours, correlating with local appliance usage. The methodology provides a repeatable process for hams to characterize their local noise floor, enabling targeted RFI suppression efforts and improving weak-signal reception, particularly for DXing and contesting.

The multiband tuned doublet, or center-fed Zepp, is a simple and efficient HF antenna that operates effectively across most amateur bands using a balanced parallel-wire feedline and antenna tuner. Unlike coax-fed dipoles, it tolerates impedance mismatches with minimal loss. By selecting suitable feedline and dipole lengths, one can achieve stable multi-band operation. While it doesn’t match monoband Yagis, it offers excellent performance, low cost, and broad coverage. Its radiation pattern and efficiency vary with frequency, but it remains a practical and versatile solution for HF operators.

An **Arduino LC Meter** provides an accessible solution for precisely measuring inductance and capacitance values, crucial for RF circuit design, filter tuning, and troubleshooting in amateur radio applications. This project details the construction of a low-cost, accurate instrument using readily available components, making it an attractive alternative to commercial units for hams and electronics enthusiasts. The build process involves assembling a resonant circuit, integrating an Arduino microcontroller for frequency measurement, and displaying results on an LCD. Key components include an Arduino Uno, a 16x2 LCD, a 74HC14 Schmitt trigger inverter, and a few passive components. The design leverages the Arduino's processing power to calculate L and C values from resonant frequency shifts. Calibration procedures are outlined to ensure measurement accuracy, which is vital for critical RF work. The project includes schematics, a parts list, and the necessary Arduino code, enabling hams to construct a functional LC meter for their workbench.

Operating amateur radio repeaters involves understanding frequency offsets, CTCSS tones, and the basic signal flow through a repeater system. This resource details the fundamental concepts of repeater operation, including the distinction between input and output frequencies, the role of **CTCSS (Continuous Tone-Coded Squelch System)** for access, and the typical frequency bands utilized for local communication. It clarifies terms such as "simplex" versus "duplex" operation and provides a diagram illustrating the signal path from a handheld transceiver to a repeater and back to another station, emphasizing the range extension repeaters offer. The article further explains practical aspects like identifying a repeater's offset (e.g., +600 kHz for 2-meter band) and the necessity of programming the correct tone. It compares the operational benefits of using repeaters for local communication over direct simplex contacts, highlighting how repeaters overcome line-of-sight limitations. The content is structured to assist new licensees in confidently making their first repeater contacts, providing a foundational understanding of how these critical infrastructure components facilitate wider area coverage for VHF/UHF amateur radio.

This **PDF report** documents a _maritime mobile_ DXpedition operating from the _Southern Ocean_ near Antarctica, detailing antenna deployment strategies on a sailing vessel. It addresses power management systems for remote operations and propagation characteristics specific to polar regions on **20m and 40m** bands. Operational strategies include managing high-density pileups using split frequency operation and maintaining signal integrity during periods of high aurora activity. Equipment considerations cover specific transceiver models like the Icom IC-7300, antenna types optimized for marine vessel installation, and battery power systems for extended periods without shore power. The resource also examines the use of satellite communication for real-time log uploads and QSL confirmation from remote locations, and discusses mitigating signal degradation from ice accumulation on antennas. DXZone Focus: PDF report | Maritime Mobile DXpedition | Polar Propagation | Split Frequency Operation

DCF77 is a time signal transmitter operated by the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). It broadcasts on a frequency of 77.5 kHz and is widely used for time synchronization in Europe.

This webpage offers an online antenna designer tool to calculate the dimensions for constructing a double bi-quad antenna for various frequencies. The directional antenna is suitable for UHF and higher frequencies, such as WiFi, UMTS, LORA, and mobile phone networks. It provides dimensions based on the input frequency, making it ideal for hams looking to build their own antennas for specific applications. The tool also mentions using common household materials like copper wire for construction, making it accessible for amateur radio operators with basic equipment.

When installing a mobile antenna, optimal placement significantly impacts performance. Factors such as gain, antenna type, ground plane availability, mounting style, and environment must be considered. Antenna designs, such as 1/4 wave and 5/8 wave, have distinct radiation patterns ideal for specific settings—urban areas or flat terrains, respectively. Ground plane size requirements differ by frequency, impacting effectiveness. Among vehicle mounting options, the car roof center provides the best ground plane and minimal obstruction, ensuring peak performance, especially at higher frequencies like 800 MHz.

This document serves as a thorough guide to amateur radio nets throughout Australia and includes some international (DX) nets. It outlines key information like frequencies, schedules, and the people responsible for managing these nets. Among the nets covered are Ron's 10 A.M. net, the Australian Travellers Net, and several others, each operating on different bands and regions. Additionally, it offers technical details about repeaters, such as frequency, offset, and CTCSS tones where applicable. Any updates are clearly marked, and further details are included for linked repeater systems and network connections.

This article explores the powerful features of AutoEZ as an Excel application working with EZNEC antenna modeling software. The article demonstrates how variables, equations, and formulas enable versatile antenna design and automatic optimization. Through practical examples including dipoles, inverted vees, delta loops, and monopoles, the author shows techniques for achieving resonance, implementing transmission line resonators for broadbanding, and optimizing antennas across frequency ranges. The step-by-step demonstrations cover unit conversion, coordinate calculations, segmentation considerations, and SWR optimization. This practical guide illustrates how AutoEZ extends EZNEC's capabilities, making complex antenna modeling more efficient and accessible.